Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports
Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports 11/2017

01.11.2017 | Cardiac Nuclear Imaging (Alberto Cuocolo and Mario Petretta)

The Role of Radionuclide Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease

verfasst von: Andrew M. Crean, Fozia Ahmed, Manish Motwani

Erschienen in: Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports | Ausgabe 11/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose of Review

Congenital heart disease is a growing healthcare issue since the majority of children who underwent surgical repair are now surviving into adult life. However, these patients are generally fixed but not cured and many will go on to develop significant morbidity as adults. The purpose of this review is to discuss the utility of radionuclide imaging in the management of these patients with a focus on the longer-term follow-up into adult life.

Recent Findings

Radionuclide imaging is a relatively niche tool in the management of congenital heart disease patients and many of the techniques have been around for decades. What is new is the application of techniques such as fluorodeoxyglucose (FDG) imaging for endocarditis and device infection using anatomic colocalization by MR-PET or PET-CT. There is also growing interest in the quantitative assessment of coronary blood flow with tracers such as rubidium that are available without the need for a cyclotron on site. This is likely to be very useful in the management of patients with coronary anomalies or surgically re-implanted coronary arteries.

Summary

Radionuclide imaging has specific but rather limited application to congenital heart disease at the current time. With the development of new molecular imaging agents, low-dose protocols, and the wider availability of hybrid imaging modalities, we suggest that the ground is prepared for a resurgence of interest in the application of these techniques to the population of patients living with congenital heart disease.
Literatur
1.
•• Marelli AJ, Mackie AS, Ionescu-Ittu R, Rahme E, Pilote L. Congenital heart disease in the general population: changing prevalence and age distribution. Circulation. 2007;115(2):163–72. This paper was an epidemiologic study using administrative databases to identify the prevalence of congenital heart disease in both pediatric and adult age groups. The data showed that at the start of the 21st century, the prevalence and severity of CHD had increased over a period of 15 years from 1985 to 2000. Furthermore, the increases were greatest in the adult population and by year 2000, there were an almost equal number of adults and children alive with severe CHD. PubMedCrossRef
2.
•• Afilalo J, Therrien J, Pilote L, Ionescu-Ittu R, Martucci G, Marelli AJ. Geriatric congenital heart disease: burden of disease and predictors of mortality. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2011;58(14):1509–15. This was a population-based cohort study focusing on patients aged 65 or more in age at entry and followed for 15 years. The majority of geriatric CHD patients did not have severe congenital lesions but developed increasing morbidity from the usual diseases of older age including dementia and atherosclerosis—and it was these things rather than their original congenital diagnosis which usually determined their mortality. PubMedCrossRef
3.
Ntiloudi D, Giannakoulas G, Parcharidou D, Panagiotidis T, Gatzoulis MA, Karvounis H. Adult congenital heart disease: a paradigm of epidemiological change. Int J Cardiol. 2016;218:269–74.PubMedCrossRef
4.
• Deva DP, Torres FS, Wald RM, Roche SL, Jimenez-Juan L, Oechslin EN, et al. The value of stress perfusion cardiovascular magnetic resonance imaging for patients referred from the adult congenital heart disease clinic: 5-year experience at the Toronto General Hospital. Cardiol Young. 2014;24(5):822–30. This is currently the largest published experience of using stress perfusion CMR to guide the management of patients seen in one of the biggest centers for adult congenital heart disease in the world. PubMedCrossRef
5.
6.
Partington SL, Valente AM, Bruyere J, Landzberg M, Di Carli M, Grant F, et al. Diagnostic value of tc99m SPECT myocardial perfusion imaging in complex congenital heart disease. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2014;63(12):A1122.CrossRef
7.
• Angelini P, Velasco JA, Flamm S. Coronary anomalies: incidence, pathophysiology, and clinical relevance. Circulation. 2002;105(20):2449–54. A highly recommended overview of the sometimes confusing nomenclature and pathophysiology surrounding congenital coronary anomalies from an author who has perhaps the greatest experience in the world of these lesions. PubMedCrossRef
8.
Angelini P, Uribe C, Monge J, Tobis JM, Elayda MA, Willerson JT. Origin of the right coronary artery from the opposite sinus of Valsalva in adults: characterization by intravascular ultrasonography at baseline and after stent angioplasty. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;86(2):199–208.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
9.
Frescura C, Basso C, Thiene G, Corrado D, Pennelli T, Angelini A, et al. Anomalous origin of coronary arteries and risk of sudden death: a study based on an autopsy population of congenital heart disease. Hum Pathol. 1998;29(7):689–95.PubMedCrossRef
10.
Basso C, Maron BJ, Corrado D, Thiene G. Clinical profile of congenital coronary artery anomalies with origin from the wrong aortic sinus leading to sudden death in young competitive athletes. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2000;35(6):1493–501.PubMedCrossRef
11.
Taylor AJ, Rogan KM, Virmani R. Sudden cardiac death associated with isolated congenital coronary artery anomalies. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1992;20(3):640–7.PubMedCrossRef
12.
Frommelt PC. Congenital coronary artery abnormalities predisposing to sudden cardiac death. Pacing Clin Electrophysiol. 2009;32(Suppl 2):S63–6.PubMedCrossRef
13.
Taylor AJ, Byers JP, Cheitlin MD, Virmani R. Anomalous right or left coronary artery from the contralateral coronary sinus: “high-risk” abnormalities in the initial coronary artery course and heterogeneous clinical outcomes. Am Heart J. 1997;133(4):428–35.PubMedCrossRef
14.
Lee BY. Anomalous right coronary artery from the left coronary sinus with an interarterial course: is it really dangerous? Korean Circ J. 2009;39(5):175–9.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
15.
De Luca L, Bovenzi F, Rubini D, Niccoli-Asabella A, Rubini G, De Luca I. Stress-rest myocardial perfusion SPECT for functional assessment of coronary arteries with anomalous origin or course. J Nucl Med. 2004;45(4):532–6.PubMed
16.
Chu E, Cheitlin MD. Diagnostic considerations in patients with suspected coronary artery anomalies. Am Heart J. 1993;126(6):1427–38.PubMedCrossRef
17.
Dimopoulos K, Di Mario C, Barlis P, Pennell D, Goktekin O, Kaddoura S, et al. Haemodynamic significance of an anomalous right coronary with inter-arterial course assessed with intracoronary pressure measurements during dobutamine challenge. Int J Cardiol. 2008;126(2):e32–5.PubMedCrossRef
18.
Moustafa SE, Zehr K, Mookadam M, Lorenz EC, Mookadam F. Anomalous interarterial left coronary artery: an evidence based systematic overview. Int J Cardiol. 2008;126(1):13–20.PubMedCrossRef
19.
Keir M, Spears D, Caldarone C, Crean AM. Proving the innocence of a “malignant” coronary artery: calling dobutamine stress CT for the defence! J Cardiovasc Comput Tomogr. 2017;11(1):68–9.PubMedCrossRef
20.
Lachaud M, Cahouch Z, Le Gloan L, Guerin P. An unusual cause of myocardial ischemia. Eur Heart J. 2016;38(11):837.
21.
Gangadharan V, Sivagnanam K, Murtaza G, Ponders M, Teixeira O, Paul T. Anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: an uncommon coronary anomaly with serious implications in adulthood. J Investig Med High Impact Case Rep. 2017;5(1):2324709616684629.PubMedPubMedCentral
22.
Martínez-Rodríguez I, Banzo I, Quirce R, Jiménez-Bonilla JF, Medina-Quiroz P, Rubio-Vassallo AS, et al. F-18 FDG PET/CT uptake by a cardiac hemangioma. Clin Nucl Med. 2010;35(5):330–1.PubMedCrossRef
23.
Mazurak M, Kusa J. The radiologist’s tragedy, or bland-white-garland syndrome (BWGS). On the 80(th) anniversary of the first clinical description of ALCAPA (anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery). Kardiochir Torakochirurgia Pol. 2014;11(2):225–9.PubMedPubMedCentral
24.
Sfakianakis GN, Damoulaki-Sfakianaki E, McClead RE, Craenen J. Anomalous origin of left coronary artery diagnosed by a lung scan. N Engl J Med. 1977;296(12):675–6.PubMedCrossRef
25.
Rubini G, Ettorre GC, Sebastiani M, Bovenzi F. Evaluation of hemodynamic significance of arteriovenous coronary fistulas: diagnostic integration of coronary angiography and stress/rest myocardial scintigraphy. Radiol Med. 2000;100(6):453–8.PubMed
26.
Katsuragi M, Yamamoto K, Tashiro T, Nishihara H, Toudou K. Thallium-201 myocardial SPECT in bland-white-garland syndrome: two adult patients with inferoposterior perfusion defect. J Nucl Med. 1993;34(12):2182–4.PubMed
27.
Elhendy A, Zoet-Nugteren S, Cornel JH, Fioretti PM, Bogers AJ, Roelandt JR, et al. Functional assessment of ALCAPA syndrome by dobutamine stress thallium-201 SPECT and echocardiography. J Nucl Med. 1996;37(5):748–51.PubMed
28.
Anguenot TJ, Bernard YF, Cardot JC, Boumal D, Bassand JP, Maurat JP. Isotopic findings in anomalous origin of the left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: report of an adult case. J Nucl Med. 1991;32(9):1788–90.PubMed
29.
Alsara O, Kalavakunta JK, Hajjar V, Alsarah A, Cho N, Dhar G. Surviving sudden cardiac death secondary to anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: a case report and literature review. Heart Lung. 2014;43(5):476–80.PubMedCrossRef
30.
Sinha SK, Khanra D, Jha MJ, Singh K, Razi M, Goel A, et al. Unusual survival of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery with severe rheumatic mitral stenosis in septuagenarian women: foes becoming friends? J Clin Med Res. 2016;8(10):760–3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
31.
Ishida N, Shimabukuro K, Ogura H, Takemura H, Doi K. Coronary artery bypass grafting for an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a 73-year-old female. J Card Surg. 2016;31(6):380–2.PubMedCrossRef
32.
Abdallah H, Bouhout I, St-Onge S, Mongeon F-P, Demers P. Surgical treatment of an anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a sexagenarian woman. Can J Cardiol. 2016;32(12):1576.e1–3.CrossRef
33.
Juan Y-H, Saboo SS, Keraliya A, Khandelwal A. Coronary strictures, intraluminal thrombus and aneurysms: unreported imaging appearance of ALCAPA syndrome post Takeuchi procedure. Int J Cardiol. 2015;186:291–3.PubMedCrossRef
34.
Ginde S, Earing MG, Bartz PJ, Cava JR, Tweddell JS. Late complications after Takeuchi repair of anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery: case series and review of literature. Pediatr Cardiol. 2012;33(7):1115–23.PubMedCrossRef
35.
Schmitt B, Bauer S, Kutty S, Nordmeyer S, Nasseri B, Berger F, et al. Myocardial perfusion, scarring, and function in anomalous left coronary artery from the pulmonary artery syndrome: a long-term analysis using magnetic resonance imaging. Ann Thorac Surg. 2014;98(4):1425–36.PubMedCrossRef
36.
Singh TP, Di Carli MF, Sullivan NM, Leonen MF, Morrow WR. Myocardial flow reserve in long-term survivors of repair of anomalous left coronary artery from pulmonary artery. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1998;31(2):437–43.PubMedCrossRef
37.
Durand M, Nguyen ET, Crean AM. Anomalous left coronary artery arising from the pulmonary artery. Cardiovasc J Afr. 2012 Sep;23(8):e9–10.PubMedCrossRef
38.
Parasramka S, Dufresne A. Anomalous origin of right coronary artery from pulmonary artery presenting as chest pain in a young man. J Cardiol Cases. 2012;5(1):e20–2.CrossRef
39.
Rahman MS, Mittal T, Chandrasekaran V, Chua TP. The role of multi-modality imaging to investigate and manage anomalous right coronary artery originating from the pulmonary artery (ARCAPA) anomaly with associated coronary aneurysms presenting as acute left ventricular failure. Eur Heart J. 2015;36(43):3031.PubMedCrossRef
40.
41.
Yao C-T, Wang J-N, Yeh C-N, Huang S-C, Yang Y-R, Wu J-M. Isolated anomalous origin of right coronary artery from the main pulmonary artery. J Card Surg. 2005;20(5):487–9.PubMedCrossRef
42.
Guven B, Doksoz O, Ozdemir R, Mese T, Genc B. Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery in a child with chest pain. Echocardiography. 2013;30(7):E222–3.PubMedCrossRef
43.
Contreras AE, Leonardi C, Lazzarin O, Bagur R, Peirone A. Anomalous origin of the right coronary artery from the pulmonary artery diagnosed as an incidental finding. Congenit Heart Dis. 2013;8(2):E52–5.PubMedCrossRef
44.
Gallo M, Rizzati F, Padalino M, Stellin G. Anomalous origin of right coronary artery from pulmonary artery with aneurysmal coronary arteries. Cor Vasa. 2016;58(5):e515–7.CrossRef
45.
Legendre A, Losay J, Touchot-Koné A, Serraf A, Belli E, Piot JD, et al. Coronary events after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Circulation. 2003;108(Suppl 1):II186–90.PubMed
46.
Tobler D, Williams WG, Jegatheeswaran A, Van Arsdell GS, McCrindle BW, Greutmann M, et al. Cardiac outcomes in young adult survivors of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;56(1):58–64.PubMedCrossRef
47.
Tobler D, Fernandes SM, Wald RM, Landzberg M, Salehian O, Siu SC, et al. Pregnancy outcomes in women with transposition of the great arteries and arterial switch operation. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(3):417–20.PubMedCrossRef
48.
Khairy P, Clair M, Fernandes SM, Blume ED, Powell AJ, Newburger JW, et al. Cardiovascular outcomes after the arterial switch operation for D-transposition of the great arteries. Circulation. 2013;127(3):331–9.PubMedCrossRef
49.
Choi BS, Kwon BS, Kim GB, Bae EJ, Noh CI, Choi JY, et al. Long-term outcomes after an arterial switch operation for simple complete transposition of the great arteries. Korean Circ J. 2010;40(1):23–30.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
50.
Fricke TA, d’Udekem Y, Richardson M, Thuys C, Dronavalli M, Ramsay JM, et al. Outcomes of the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: 25 years of experience. Ann Thorac Surg. 2012;94(1):139–45.PubMedCrossRef
51.
Yamazaki A, Yamamoto N, Sakamoto T, Ishihara K, Iwata Y, Matsumura G, et al. Long-term outcomes and social independence level after arterial switch operation. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2008;33(2):239–43.PubMedCrossRef
52.
Tanel RE, Wernovsky G, Landzberg MJ, Perry SB, Burke RP. Coronary artery abnormalities detected at cardiac catheterization following the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 1995;76(3):153–7.PubMedCrossRef
53.
Vargo P, Mavroudis C, Stewart RD, Backer CL. Late complications following the arterial switch operation. World J Pediatr Congenit Heart Surg. 2011;2(1):37–42.PubMedCrossRef
54.
Prêtre R, Tamisier D, Bonhoeffer P, Mauriat P, Pouard P, Sidi D, et al. Results of the arterial switch operation in neonates with transposed great arteries. Lancet. 2001;357(9271):1826–30.PubMedCrossRef
55.
Raisky O, Bergoend E, Agnoletti G, Ou P, Bonnet D, Sidi D, et al. Late coronary artery lesions after neonatal arterial switch operation: results of surgical coronary revascularization. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2007;31(5):894–8.PubMedCrossRef
56.
Gatlin S, Kalynych A, Sallee D, Campbell R. Detection of a coronary artery anomaly after a sudden cardiac arrest in a 17 year-old with D-transposition of the great arteries status post arterial switch operation: a case report. Congenit Heart Dis. 2011;6(4):384–8.PubMedCrossRef
57.
Tsuda E, Imakita M, Yagihara T, Ono Y, Echigo S, Takahashi O, et al. Late death after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Am Heart J. 1992;124(6):1551–7.PubMedCrossRef
58.
Pedra SRFF, Pedra CAC, Abizaid AA, Braga SLN, Staico R, Arrieta R, et al. Intracoronary ultrasound assessment late after the arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2005;45(12):2061–8.PubMedCrossRef
59.
Turner DR, Muzik O, Forbes TJ, Sullivan NM, Singh TP. Coronary diameter and vasodilator function in children following arterial switch operation for complete transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2010;106(3):421–5.PubMedCrossRef
60.
Oskarsson G, Pesonen E, Munkhammar P, Sandström S, Jögi P. Normal coronary flow reserve after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries: an intracoronary Doppler guidewire study. Circulation. 2002;106(13):1696–702.PubMedCrossRef
61.
Angeli E, Formigari R, Pace Napoleone C, Oppido G, Ragni L, Picchio FM, et al. Long-term coronary artery outcome after arterial switch operation for transposition of the great arteries. Eur J Cardiothorac Surg. 2010;38(6):714–20.PubMedCrossRef
62.
Hövels-Gürich HH, Kunz D, Seghaye MC, Miskova M, Messmer BJ, von Bernuth G. Results of exercise testing at a mean age of 10 years after neonatal arterial switch operation. Acta Paediatr. 2003;92(2):190–6.PubMedCrossRef
63.
Roche SL, Silversides CK, Oechslin EN. Monitoring the patient with transposition of the great arteries: arterial switch versus atrial switch. Curr Cardiol Rep. 2011;13(4):336–46.PubMedCrossRef
64.
Vogel M, Smallhorn JF, Gilday D, Benson LN, Ash J, Williams WG, et al. Assessment of myocardial perfusion in patients after the arterial switch operation. J Nucl Med. 1991;32(2):237–41.PubMed
65.
Hayes AM, Baker EJ, Kakadeker A, Parsons JM, Martin RP, Radley-Smith R, et al. Influence of anatomic correction for transposition of the great arteries on myocardial perfusion: radionuclide imaging with technetium-99m 2-methoxy isobutyl isonitrile. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;24(3):769–77.PubMedCrossRef
66.
Weindling SN, Wernovsky G, Colan SD, Parker JA, Boutin C, Mone SM, et al. Myocardial perfusion, function and exercise tolerance after the arterial switch operation. J Am Coll Cardiol. 1994;23(2):424–33.PubMedCrossRef
67.
Sugiyama H, Tsuda E, Ohuchi H, Yamada O, Shiraishi I. Chronological changes in stenosis of translocated coronary arteries on angiography after the arterial switch operation in children with transposition of the great arteries: comparison of myocardial scintigraphy and angiographic findings. Cardiol Young. 2016;26(4):638–43.PubMedCrossRef
68.
• Tobler D, Motwani M, Wald RM, Roche SL, Verocai F, Iwanochko RM, et al. Evaluation of a comprehensive cardiovascular magnetic resonance protocol in young adults late after the arterial switch operation for d-transposition of the great arteries. J Cardiovasc Magn Reson. 2014;16:98. This study compared CMR perfusion head-to-head with stress SPECT in a population of young adults under surveillance following neonatal arterial switch procedure for d-transposition. The authors reported a zero incidence of visually detected perfusion defects by CMR but a relatively high rate of defects seen at SPECT. Since the CMR protocol also included scar and coronary imaging, it was possible to determine which of the SPECT defects were false positives (almost all). The paper concluded that SPECT was a suboptimal modality for surveillance of young adults following arterial switch. It is perhaps unsurprising that SPECT did not perform better, as work from multiple authors has shown that the prevalence of significant coronary stenosis is rare in this population—thus by Bayesian theory, an excess of false positive results is to be expected in a low prevalence population. PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
69.
Wats K, Batul S, Abrol S, Friedman M. Out of the OR but not out of the woods: a case of iatrogenic coronary ostial stenosis post Bentall procedure. Chest. 2016;150(4):87A.CrossRef
70.
Kovacic JC, Sharma SK, Kini AS. Bilateral coronary ostial stenoses post-Bentall procedure causing hemodynamic collapse and requiring mechanical assist device placement: successful intervention using the Szabo technique. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2012;79(5):801–4.PubMedCrossRef
71.
Hsuan C-F, Hu P-Y, Tseng W-K, Lee T-L, Pan Y-F, Hsu K-L. Detachment of composite graft after Bentall’s operation manifested as acute myocardial infarction. J Am Coll Cardiol. 2010;55(2):e3.PubMedCrossRef
72.
Hauser M, Bengel FM, Kühn A, Sauer U, Zylla S, Braun SL, et al. Myocardial blood flow and flow reserve after coronary reimplantation in patients after arterial switch and Ross operation. Circulation. 2001;103(14):1875–80.PubMedCrossRef
73.
Hornung TS, Anagnostopoulos C, Bhardwaj P, Kilner PJ, Davlouros PA, Bailey J, et al. Comparison of equilibrium radionuclide ventriculography with cardiovascular magnetic resonance for assessing the systemic right ventricle after mustard or Senning procedures for complete transposition of the great arteries. Am J Cardiol. 2003;92(5):640–3.PubMedCrossRef
74.
Knirsch W, Nadal D. Infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease. Eur J Pediatr. 2011;170(9):1111–27.PubMedCrossRef
75.
Di Filippo S, Delahaye F, Semiond B, Celard M, Henaine R, Ninet J, et al. Current patterns of infective endocarditis in congenital heart disease. Heart. 2006;92(10):1490–5.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
76.
Israel O, Keidar Z. PET/CT imaging in infectious conditions. Ann N Y Acad Sci. 2011;1228:150–66.PubMedCrossRef
77.
Scholtens AM, Verberne HJ, Budde RPJ, Lam MGEH. Additional heparin preadministration improves cardiac glucose metabolism suppression over low-carbohydrate diet alone in 18F-FDG PET imaging. J Nucl Med. 2016;57(4):568–73.PubMedCrossRef
78.
Habib G, Lancellotti P, Antunes MJ, Bongiorni MG, Casalta J-P, Del Zotti F, et al. ESC guidelines for the Management of Infective Endocarditis: the task force for the management of infective endocarditis of the European Society of Cardiology (ESC). Endorsed by: European Association for Cardio-Thoracic Surgery (EACTS), the European Association of Nuclear Medicine (EANM). Eur Heart J. 2015;36(44):3075–128.PubMedCrossRef
79.
Yen R-F, Chen Y-C, Wu Y-W, Pan M-H, Chang S-C. Using 18-fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography in detecting infectious endocarditis/endoarteritis. Acad Radiol. 2004;11(3):316–21.PubMedCrossRef
80.
Bleeker-Rovers CP, Vos FJ, Corstens FHM, Oyen WJG. Imaging of infectious diseases using [18F] fluorodeoxyglucose PET. Q J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;52(1):17–29.PubMed
81.
Kenzaka T, Shimoshikiryo M, Kitao A, Kario K, Hashimoto M. Positron emission tomography scan can be a reassuring tool to treat difficult cases of infective endocarditis. J Nucl Cardiol. 2011;18(4):741–3.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
82.
Yedidya I, Stein GY, Vaturi M, Blieden L, Bernstine H, Pitlik SD, et al. Positron emission tomography/computed tomography for the diagnosis of endocarditis in patients with pulmonic stented valve/pulmonic stent. Ann Thorac Surg. 2011;91(1):287–9.PubMedCrossRef
83.
Vos FJ, Bleeker-Rovers CP, van Dijk APJ, Oyen WJG. Detection of pacemaker and lead infection with FDG-PET. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2006;33(10):1245.PubMedCrossRef
84.
Sankatsing SUC, Kolader M-E, Bouma BJ, Bennink RJ, Verberne HJ, Ansink TM, et al. 18F-Fluoro-2-deoxyglucose positron emission tomography-negative endocarditis lenta caused by Bartonella henselae. J Heart Valve Dis. 2011;20(1):100–2.PubMed
85.
Ohtsuka A, Inoue Y, Asano Y, Woodhams R, Shiomi K. Lymphoscintigraphy using dynamic imaging and SPECT/CT in chylothorax. OJMI. 2013;03(03):86–9.CrossRef
86.
Kayano D, Taki J, Wakabayashi H, Kinuya S. Tc-99m human serum albumin lymphoscintigraphy with SPECT/CT in chylothorax. Clin Nucl Med. 2011;36(11):1056–7.PubMedCrossRef
87.
Prevot N, Tiffet O, Avet J, Quak E, Decousus M, Dubois F. Lymphoscintigraphy and SPECT/CT using 99mTc filtered sulphur colloid in chylothorax. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2011;38(9):1746.PubMedCrossRef
88.
Yang J, Codreanu I, Zhuang H. Minimal lymphatic leakage in an infant with chylothorax detected by lymphoscintigraphy SPECT/CT. Pediatrics. 2014;134(2):e606–10.PubMedCrossRef
89.
Takanami K, Ichikawa H, Takahashi S. Localization of lymphatic leakage site in chylothorax by thoracic duct scintigraphy by orally administered 123I BMIPP using SPECT/CT. Clin Nucl Med. 2012;37(4):403–5.PubMedCrossRef
90.
Sugiura K, Tanabe Y, Ogawa T, Tokushima T. Localization of chyle leakage site in postoperative chylothorax by oral administration of I-123 BMIPP. Ann Nucl Med. 2005;19(7):597–601.PubMedCrossRef
91.
Mertens L, Hagler DJ, Sauer U, Somerville J, Gewillig M. Protein-losing enteropathy after the Fontan operation: an international multicenter study. J Thorac Cardiovasc Surg. 1998;115(5):1063–73.PubMedCrossRef
92.
Griffiths ER, Kaza AK, Wyler von Ballmoos MC, Loyola H, Valente AM, Blume ED, et al. Evaluating failing Fontans for heart transplantation: predictors of death. Ann Thorac Surg. 2009;88(2):558–63.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
93.
Krueger SK, Burney DW, Ferlic RM. Protein-losing enteropathy complicating the mustard procedure. Surgery. 1977;81(3):305–6.PubMed
94.
95.
Kirk CR, Gibbs JL, Wilkinson JL, Wilson N, Dickinson DF, Qureshi SA. Protein-losing enteropathy caused by baffle obstruction after Mustard’s operation. Br Heart J. 1988;59(1):69–72.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
96.
Mallula KK, Kenny D, Hijazi ZM. Transjugular melody valve placement in a small child with protein losing enteropathy. Catheter Cardiovasc Interv. 2015;85(2):267–70.PubMedCrossRef
97.
Aggarwal S, Delius RE, Walters HL, L’Ecuyer TJ. Recurrent protein-losing enteropathy and tricuspid valve insufficiency in a transplanted heart: a causal relationship? Congenit Heart Dis. 2012;7(3):E10–3.PubMedCrossRef
98.
Mizuno M, Ohuchi H, Kagisaki K, Miyazaki A, Ishibashi-Ueda H, Yamada O. Experience of decortication for restrictive hemodynamics in adults with congenital heart disease. Pediatr Int. 2014;56(4):630–3.PubMedCrossRef
99.
Uzuner O, Ziessman HA. Protein-losing enteropathy detected by Tc-99m-MDP abdominal scintigraphy. Pediatr Radiol. 2008;38(10):1122–4.PubMedCrossRef
100.
Meristoudis G, Birbilis C, Ilias I, Tsaroucha A, Batsakis C, Christakopoulou J. Intestinal accumulation of 99mTc-MDP in a patient with protein-losing enteropathy. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2008;35(1):224.PubMedCrossRef
101.
Chen Y-C, Hwang S-J, Chiu J-S, Chuang M-H, Chung M-I, Wang Y-F. Chronic edema from protein-losing enteropathy: scintigraphic diagnosis. Kidney Int. 2009;75(10):1124.PubMedCrossRef
102.
Hill RE, Comm B, Hercz A, Corey ML, Gilday DL, Eng B, et al. Fecal clearance of α1-antitrypsin: a reliable measure of enteric protein loss in children. J Pediatr. 1981;99(3):416–8.PubMedCrossRef
103.
Fujii T, Shimizu T, Takahashi K, Kishiro M, Ohkubo M, Akimoto K, et al. Fecal α1-antitrypsin concentrations as a measure of enteric protein loss after modified Fontan operations. J Pediatr Gastroenterol Nutr. 2003;37(5):577–80.PubMedCrossRef
104.
Chau TN, Mok MY, Chan EYT, Luk WH, Lai KB, Li FTW, et al. Evaluation of performance of measurement of faecal α(1)-antitrypsin clearance and technetium-99m human serum albumin scintigraphy in protein-losing enteropathy. Digestion. 2011;84(3):199–206.PubMedCrossRef
105.
106.
107.
Cherniske EM, Carpenter TO, Klaiman C, Young E, Bregman J, Insogna K, et al. Multisystem study of 20 older adults with Williams syndrome. Am J Med Genet A. 2004;131(3):255–64.PubMedCrossRef
108.
Puyau FA, Meckstroth GR. Evaluation of pulmonary perfusion patterns in children with tetralogy of Fallot. Am J Roentgenol Radium Therapy, Nucl Med. 1974;122(1):119–24.CrossRef
109.
Chien K-J, Huang H-W, Huang T-C, Lee C-L, Weng K-P, Lin C-C, et al. Assessment of branch pulmonary artery stenosis in children after repair of tetralogy of Fallot using lung perfusion scintigraphy comparison with echocardiography. Ann Nucl Med. 2016;30(1):49–59.PubMedCrossRef
110.
Seliem MA, Murphy J, Vetter J, Heyman S, Norwood W. Lung perfusion patterns after bidirectional cavopulmonary anastomosis (hemi-Fontan procedure). Pediatr Cardiol. 1997;18(3):191–6.PubMedCrossRef
111.
Grimon G, André L, Bernard O, Raffestin B, Desgrez A. Early radionuclide detection of intrapulmonary shunts in children with liver disease. J Nucl Med. 1994;35(8):1328–32.PubMed
112.
Pruckmayer M, Zacherl S, Salzer-Muhar U, Schlemmer M, Leitha T. Scintigraphic assessment of pulmonary and whole-body blood flow patterns after surgical intervention in congenital heart disease. J Nucl Med. 1999;40(9):1477–83.PubMed
113.
Sridharan S, Derrick G, Deanfield J, Taylor AM. Assessment of differential branch pulmonary blood flow: a comparative study of phase contrast magnetic resonance imaging and radionuclide lung perfusion imaging. Heart. 2006;92(7):963–8.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
114.
Opotowsky AR, Moko LE, Ginns J, Rosenbaum M, Greutmann M, Aboulhosn J, et al. Pheochromocytoma and paraganglioma in cyanotic congenital heart disease. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2015;100(4):1325–34.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
115.
Hirsch JH, Killien FC, Troupin RH. Bilateral carotid body tumors and cyanotic heart disease. AJR Am J Roentgenol. 1980;134(5):1073–5.PubMedCrossRef
116.
Mak JKC, Kay M. Carotid body tumour associated with cyanotic heart disease. BMJ Case Rep. 2016;9:2016.
117.
118.
Rich BS, Moo T-A, Mark S, Scognamiglio T, Pecker MS, Sobol I, et al. Sympathetic paraganglioma in a patient with unrepaired tetralogy of Fallot: a case report and review of the literature. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2013;98(1):7–12.PubMedCrossRef
119.
120.
Jacobson AF, Travin MI. Impact of medications on mIBG uptake, with specific attention to the heart: comprehensive review of the literature. J Nucl Cardiol. 2015;22(5):980–93.PubMedCrossRef
121.
Lepoutre-Lussey C, Caramella C, Bidault F, Déandreis D, Berdelou A, Al Ghuzlan A, et al. Screening in asymptomatic SDHx mutation carriers: added value of 18F-FDG PET/CT at initial diagnosis and 1-year follow-up. Eur J Nucl Med Mol Imaging. 2015;42(6):868–76.PubMedCrossRef
122.
Hsu CC-T, Singh D, Kwan GNC, Bhuta S. 18F-FDG PET/CT in a patient with glomus vagale paraganglioma and Eisenmenger syndrome: searching for the missing link? Clin Nucl Med. 2016;41(3):e135–6.PubMedCrossRef
123.
Yiu K-H, Jim M-H, Siu C-W, Lee C-H, Yuen M, Mok M, et al. Amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis is a predictor of adverse cardiovascular outcome. J Clin Endocrinol Metab. 2009;94(1):109–14.PubMedCrossRef
124.
• Thorne SA, Barnes I, Cullinan P, Somerville J. Amiodarone-associated thyroid dysfunction: risk factors in adults with congenital heart disease. Circulation. 1999;100(2):149–54. Patients with complex CHD have a high incidence of atrial and ventricular arrhythmias. This was one of the first studies to point out the risks of using amiodarone in congenital populations. Over one third of the sample developed some form of thyroid dysfunction with amiodarone use. Risk factors included female sex, complex lesions, prior Fontan surgery and a dose of more than 200mg of amiodarone/day. PubMedCrossRef
125.
Stan MN, Hess EP, Bahn RS, Warnes CA, Ammash NM, Brennan MD, et al. A risk prediction index for amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in adults with congenital heart disease. J Thyroid Res. 2012;2012:210529.PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
126.
Stan MN, Ammash NM, Warnes CA, Brennan MD, Thapa P, Nannenga MR, et al. Body mass index and the development of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis in adults with congenital heart disease—a cohort study. Int J Cardiol. 2013;167(3):821–6.PubMedCrossRef
127.
Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Gasperi M, Braverman LE, Martino E. The various effects of amiodarone on thyroid function. Thyroid. 2001;11(5):511–9.PubMedCrossRef
128.
Bogazzi F, Bartalena L, Dell’Unto E, Tomisti L, Rossi G, Pepe P, et al. Proportion of type 1 and type 2 amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis has changed over a 27-year period in Italy. Clin Endocrinol. 2007;67(4):533–7.
129.
Wang J, Zhang R. Evaluation of (99m)Tc-MIBI in thyroid gland imaging for the diagnosis of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Br J Radiol. 2017;90(1071):20160836.PubMedCrossRef
130.
Piga M, Cocco MC, Serra A, Boi F, Loy M, Mariotti S. The usefulness of 99mTc-sestaMIBI thyroid scan in the differential diagnosis and management of amiodarone-induced thyrotoxicosis. Eur J Endocrinol. 2008;159(4):423–9.PubMedCrossRef
131.
Matsushita T, Ikeda S, Miyahara Y, Yakabe K, Yamaguchi K, Furukawa K, et al. Use of [123I]-BMIPP myocardial scintigraphy for the clinical evaluation of a fatty-acid metabolism disorder of the right ventricle in chronic respiratory and pulmonary vascular disease. J Int Med Res. 2000;28(3):111–23.PubMedCrossRef
132.
Nakajima K, Taki J, Ohno T, Taniguchi M, Taniguchi M, Bunko H, et al. Assessment of right ventricular overload by a thallium-201 SPECT study in children with congenital heart disease. J Nucl Med. 1991;32(12):2215–20.PubMed
Metadaten
Titel
The Role of Radionuclide Imaging in Congenital Heart Disease
verfasst von
Andrew M. Crean
Fozia Ahmed
Manish Motwani
Publikationsdatum
01.11.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Current Cardiovascular Imaging Reports / Ausgabe 11/2017
Print ISSN: 1941-9066
Elektronische ISSN: 1941-9074
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s12410-017-9434-0

Neu im Fachgebiet Kardiologie

25.04.2024 | Hypotonie | Nachrichten

Niedriger diastolischer Blutdruck erhöht Risiko für schwere kardiovaskuläre Komplikationen

25.04.2024 | Hypertonie | Nachrichten

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

24.04.2024 | Adipositas | Nachrichten

Adipositas-Medikament auch gegen Schlafapnoe wirksam

24.04.2024 | ACC 2024 | Nachrichten

Komplette Revaskularisation bei Infarkt: Neue Studie setzt ein Fragezeichen
weitere anzeigen

Update Kardiologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen