Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare endocrine disorder with an estimated annual incidence between 1.8 and 3.2 cases per million individuals [ 1 , 2 ]. It is characterized by an excessive cortisol synthesis caused by either exaggerated …

Endogenous Cushing Syndrome (CS) refers to pathologic hypercortisolism and is associated with significant morbidity, mortality, and reduction in quality of life [ 1 – 4 ]. The diagnosis of CS can often be challenging [ 5 ] as it is typically …

Inferior petrosal sinus sampling (IPSS) is an established method to identify the correct source of ACTH-dependent Cushing’s syndrome (CS) in patients with inconclusive imaging [ 14 , 20 ]. Thereby, ovine corticotropin-releasing hormone (oCRH) …

Endogenous Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare, debilitating disorder caused by chronic overproduction of cortisol [ 1 – 3 ]. CS has an estimated incidence of 0.7 to 2.4 cases per million per year, with a majority of cases (~ 70%) occurring in women …

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is a rare endocrine disorder caused by chronic exposure to the excessive endogenous cortisol released by the adrenal glands, or by the prolonged exposure to exogenous synthetic glucocorticoids (GCs) for medical treatment [ 1 …]. CS can be classified in ACTH-dependent and ACTH-independent forms; the ACTH-dependent forms are due to the presence of an ACTH-secreting pituitary tumour (70% of cases), named Cushing’s disease (CD), or an ACTH-secreting or corticotropin-releasing hormone-secreting ectopic tumour (10% of cases), named ectopic CS, whereas the ACTH-independent forms are due to the presence of a cortisol-secreting adrenal lesion, including bilateral adrenal hyperplasia or dysplasia, adenoma or carcinoma (20% of cases), named adrenal CS [

Because both adrenal Cushing's syndrome and primary aldosteronism (PA) can manifest as adrenocortical adenomas, it is difficult to distinguish between them on the sole basis of adrenal computed tomography (CT). There may also be multiple adenomas …

Endogenous Cushing syndrome (CS) is a rare condition resulting from an adrenocorticotropin (ACTH)-dependent or ACTH-independent hypercortisolemia. Apart from well-known clinical features such as hypertension, osteoporosis, and muscle atrophy [ 1 ] …

Oral Submucous Fibrosis (OSMF) is defined by the World Health Organization (WHO) as a slowly progressive disease characterized by the formation of fibrous bands in the oral mucosa. These bands eventually cause a significant limitation in mouth …

Renal neuroendocrine tumors (RenNETs) are rare malignancies with largely unknown biology, hormone expression, and genetic abnormalities. This study aims to improve our understanding of the RenNETs with emphasis of functional, hormonal, and genetic …

All disorders with manifestations associated with glucocorticoid excess are called Cushing’s syndrome. Exogenous corticosteroids cause most CS cases, and endogenous CS cases are rare [ 1 , 2 ].

Cushing’s syndrome (CS) is associated with an eighteen-fold higher risk of venous thromboembolic events (VTE) compared with the general population [ 1 ]. Indeed, approximately 8% of patients with CS have had a VTE in the peri-diagnostic period [ 2 …

Cushing’s syndrome may be exogenous or endogenous and, in this case, can be ACTH-dependent or independent. In the case reported, there was an independent, symptomatic ACTH hypercortisolism manifested by typical phenotypic changes, severe secondary …

Cushing's syndrome is due to prolonged exposure to excess glucocorticoids, and common causes include exogenous steroid use, adrenal or pituitary ACTH-secreting tumors or ectopic ACTH syndrome. Opportunistic infection is an under-recognized …