Skip to main content
Hauptrubriken
CME Facharzt-Training Webinare Zeitschriften Bücher e.Medpedia Podcast
Service
Jobbörse Info & Hilfe
Fachgebiete
Anästhesiologie Allgemeinmedizin Arbeitsmedizin Augenheilkunde Chirurgie Dermatologie Gynäkologie und Geburtshilfe HNO Innere Medizin Kardiologie Neurologie Onkologie und Hämatologie Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie Pädiatrie Pathologie Psychiatrie Radiologie Rechtsmedizin Urologie Zahnmedizin
Themen
Klimawandel und Gesundheit Neues aus dem Markt COVID-19 Praxis und Beruf Seltene Erkrankungen GOÄ & EBM Panorama
Sammlungen
Kasuistiken Algorithmen & Infografiken Blickdiagnosen Arthropedia FlapFinder (für Dermatochirurgen) Videos Kongressberichterstattung Medizin für Apothekerinnen und Apotheker Für Ärztinnen und Ärzte in Weiterbildung Für Medizinstudierende
Erweiterte Suche
Anmelden
nach oben
Sports Medicine
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine 7/2013

01.07.2013 | Review Article

Ultraviolet Radiation and the Athlete: Risk, Sun Safety, and Barriers to Implementation of Protective Strategies

verfasst von: Sphoorthi Jinna, Brian B. Adams

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 7/2013

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Ultraviolet (UV) radiation plays a pivotal role in the development of both melanoma and non-melanoma skin cancers. Numerous factors potentially place athletes at high risk for developing these cancers. Various prevention strategies ameliorate this risk, including avoiding sun exposure during peak UV exposure hours, applying sunscreen with a sun protection factor of 30 or above before participating in outdoor sports, wearing hats and sunglasses, and reducing exposure with long pants and long-sleeve shirts. The literature, however, cites several barriers to these prevention approaches, including sports’ competition rules, the lack of availability of sunscreen, and the lack of information about sun safety behaviors. Sun safety education programs prove effective in getting athletes to participate in prevention strategies. This article reviews the effect of UV radiation on athletes’ skin and provides sports medicine clinicians with suggestions to improve the sun safety behaviors of their athletes.

Literatur
  1. Thompson JF, Scolyer RA, Kefford RF. Cutaneous melanoma. Lancet. 2005;365(9460):687–701.PubMed
  2. Moehrle M. Outdoor sports and skin cancer. Clin Dermatol. 2008;26(1):12–5.PubMedView Article
  3. Gilchrest BA, Eller MS, Geller AC, et al. The pathogenesis of melanoma induced by ultraviolet radiation. N Engl J Med. 1999;340(17):1341–8.PubMedView Article
  4. Miller AJ, Mihm MC Jr. Melanoma. N Engl J Med. 2006;355(1):51–65.PubMedView Article
  5. Moehrle M, Koehle W, Dietz K, et al. Reduction of minimal erythema dose by sweating. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2000;16(6):260–2.PubMedView Article
  6. Williams ML, Pennella R. Melanoma, melanocytic nevi, and other melanoma risk factors in children. J Pediatr. 1994;124(6):833–45.PubMedView Article
  7. Bauer A, Diepgen TL, Schmitt J. Is occupational solar ultraviolet irradiation a relevant risk factor for basal cell carcinoma? A systematic review and meta-analysis of the epidemiological literature. Br J Dermatol. 2011;165(3):612–25.PubMed
  8. Schmitt J, Seidler A, Diepgen TL, et al. Occupational ultraviolet light exposure increases the risk for the development of cutaneous squamous cell carcinoma: a systematic review and meta-analysis. Br J Dermatol. 2011;164(2):291–307.PubMedView Article
  9. Autier P, Dore JF. Influence of sun exposures during childhood and during adulthood on melanoma risk. EPIMEL and EORTC Melanoma Cooperative Group. European Organisation for Research and Treatment of Cancer. Int J Cancer. 1998;77(4):533–7.PubMedView Article
  10. Adams BB. Sports dermatology. Berlin: Springer; 2006.
  11. Wysong A, Gladstone H, Kim D, et al. Sunscreen use in NCAA collegiate athletes: identifying targets for interventions and barriers to use. Prev Med. 2012;55(5):493–6.PubMedView Article
  12. Bruce AJ, Brodland DG. Overview of skin cancer detection and prevention for the primary care physician. Mayo Clin Proc. 2000;75(5):491–500.PubMed
  13. Boer J, Schothorst AA, Boom B, et al. Influence of water and salt solutions on UVB irradiation of normal skin and psoriasis. Arch Dermatol Res. 1982;273(3–4):247–59.PubMedView Article
  14. Rigel DS, Rigel EG, Rigel AC. Effects of altitude and latitude on ambient UVB radiation. J Am Acad Dermatol. 1999;40(1):114–6.PubMedView Article
  15. Blumthaler M. Solar UV measurements. In: Tevini M, editor. UV-B radiation and ozone depletion. Effects on humans, animals, plants, microorganisms, and materials. Boca Raton: Lewis; 1993. p. 71–94.
  16. Chadysiene R, Girgzdys A. Ultraviolet radiation albedo of natural surfaces. J Environ Eng Landsc Manag. 2008;16(2):83–8.View Article
  17. Rigel EG, Lebwohl MG, Rigel AC, et al. Ultraviolet radiation in alpine skiing: magnitude of exposure and importance of regular protection. Arch Dermatol. 2003;139(1):60–2.PubMedView Article
  18. Moehrle M, Dennenmoser B, Garbe C. Continuous long-term monitoring of UV radiation in professional mountain guides reveals extremely high exposure. Int J Cancer. 2003;103(6):775–8.PubMedView Article
  19. Wright MW, Wright ST, Wagner RF. Mechanisms of sunscreen failure. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(5):781–4.PubMedView Article
  20. Rhodes LE, Diffey BL. Quantitative assessment of sunscreen application technique by in vivo fluorescence spectroscopy. J Soc Cosmet Chem. 1998;12:54–61.
  21. Dattilo AM, Decembrini F, Bracchini L, et al. Penetration of solar radiation into the waters of Messina Strait (Italy). Ann Chim. 2005;95(3–4):177–84.PubMedView Article
  22. Hamant ES, Adams BB. Sunscreen use among collegiate athletes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2005;53(2):237–41.PubMedView Article
  23. Ellis RM, Mohr MR, Indika SH, et al. Sunscreen use in student athletes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67(1):159–60.PubMedView Article
  24. Laffargue JA, Merediz J, Bujan MM, et al. Sun protection questionnaire in Buenos Aires adolescent athletes. Arch Argent Pediatr. 2011;109(1):30–5.PubMed
  25. Ambros-Rudolph CM, Hofmann-Wellenhof R, Richtig E, et al. Malignant melanoma in marathon runners. Arch Dermatol. 2006;142(11):1471–4.PubMedView Article
  26. Berndt NC, O’Riordan DL, Winkler E, et al. Social cognitive correlates of young adult sport competitors’ sunscreen use. Health Educ Behav. 2011;38(1):6–14.PubMedView Article
  27. Buller DB, Andersen PA, Walkosz BJ, et al. Compliance with sunscreen advice in a survey of adults engaged in outdoor winter recreation at high-elevation ski areas. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;66(1):63–70.PubMedView Article
  28. Cohen PH, Tsai H, Puffer JC. Sun-protective behavior among high-school and collegiate athletes in Los Angeles, CA. Clin J Sport Med. 2006;16(3):253–60.PubMedView Article
  29. World Triathlon Corporation. Ironman triathlon world championship: contestant information guide. Kailua-Kona, HI; 1999. p. 3.
  30. Federation Internationale de Volleyball. Official volleyball rules. 2013–2016, p. 18.
  31. Lawler S, Spathonis K, Eakin E, et al. Sun exposure and sun protection behaviours among young adult sport competitors. Aust N Z J Public Health. 2007;31(3):230–4.PubMedView Article
  32. Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC. Erythemal ultraviolet exposure of cyclists in Valencia, Spain. Photochem Photobiol. 2010;86(3):716–21.PubMedView Article
  33. International Commission on Non-Ionizing Radiation Protection (ICNIRP). Protection of workers against ultraviolet radiation. Health Phys. 2010;99:66–87.
  34. Moehrle M, Heinrich L, Schmid A, et al. Extreme UV exposure of professional cyclists. Dermatology. 2000;201(1):44–5.PubMedView Article
  35. Serrano MA, Cañada J, Moreno JC. Ultraviolet exposure for different outdoor sports in Valencia, Spain. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011;27(6):311–7.PubMedView Article
  36. Moehrle M. Ultraviolet exposure in the Ironman triathlon. Med Sci Sports Exerc. 2001;33(8):1385–6.PubMedView Article
  37. Price J, Ness A, Leary S, et al. Sun-safety behaviors of skiers and snowboarders on the South Island of New Zealand. J Cosmet Dermatol. 2006;5(1):39–47.PubMedView Article
  38. Noble-Jerks J, Weatherby RP, Meir R. Self-reported skin cancer protection strategies and location of skin cancer in retired cricketers: a case study from membership of the Emu Cricket Club. J Sci Med Sport. 2006;9(6):441–5.PubMedView Article
  39. Dozier S, Wagner RF Jr, Black SA, et al. Beachfront screening for skin cancer in Texas Gulf coast surfers. South Med J. 1997;90(1):55–8.PubMedView Article
  40. Rosso S, Joris F, Zanetti R. Risk of basal and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin in Sion, Switzerland: a case–control study. Tumori. 1999;85(6):435–42.PubMed
  41. Rosso S, Zanetti R, Martinez C, et al. The multicentre south European study ‘Helios’. II: Different sun exposure patterns in the aetiology of basal cell and squamous cell carcinomas of the skin. Br J Cancer. 1996;73(11):1447–54.PubMedView Article
  42. Lichte V, Dennenmoser B, Dietz K, et al. Professional risk for skin cancer development in male mountain guides—a cross-sectional study. J Eur Acad Dermatol Venereol. 2010;24(7):797–804.PubMedView Article
  43. Rigel DS. Cutaneous ultraviolet exposure and its relationship to the development of skin cancer. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2008;58(5 Suppl 2):S129–32.PubMedView Article
  44. Ghazi S, Couteau C, Coiffard LJM. How to guarantee adequate sun protection for a young sportsperson. J Dtsch Dermatol Ges. 2011;9(6):470–4.PubMed
  45. Gambichler T, Rotterdam S, Altmeyer P, et al. Protection against ultraviolet radiation by commercial summer clothing: need for standardised testing and labelling. BMC Dermatol. 2001;1(6).
  46. Wang SQ, Kopf AW, Marx J, et al. Reduction of ultraviolet transmission through cotton T-shirt fabrics with low ultraviolet protection by various laundering methods and dyeing: clinical implications. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(5):767–74.PubMedView Article
  47. Buller DB, Andersen PA, Walkosz B. Sun safety behaviours of alpine skiers and snowboarders in the western United States. Cancer Prev Control. 1998;2(3):133–9.PubMed
  48. Parrott R, Duggan A, Cremo J, et al. Communicating about youth’s sun exposure risk to soccer coaches and parents: a pilot study in Georgia. Health Educ Behav. 1999;26(3):385–95.PubMedView Article
  49. Parrott R, Duggan A. Using coaches as role models of sun protection for youth: Georgia’s “got youth covered” project. J Appl Commun Res. 1999;27(2):107–19.View Article
  50. Glanz K, Geller AC, Shigaki D, et al. A randomized trial of skin cancer prevention in aquatics settings: the Pool Cool program. Health Psychol. 2002;21(6):579–87.PubMedView Article
  51. Glanz K, Maddock JE, Lew RA, et al. A randomized trial of the Hawaii SunSmart program’s impact on outdoor recreation staff. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2001;44(6):973–8.PubMedView Article
  52. Geller AC, Glanz K, Shigaki D, et al. Impact of skin cancer prevention on outdoor aquatics staff: the Pool Cool program in Hawaii and Massachusetts. Prev Med. 2001;33(3):155–61.PubMedView Article
  53. Walkosz B, Voeks J, Andersen P, et al. Randomized trial on sun safety education at ski and snowboard schools in western North America. Pediatr Dermatol. 2007;24(3):222–9.PubMedView Article
  54. Cheng S, Guan X, Cao M, et al. Randomized trial of the impact of a sun safety program on volunteers in outdoor venues. Photodermatol Photoimmunol Photomed. 2011;27(2):75–80.PubMedView Article
  55. Dobbinson SJ, Hayman JA, Livingston PM. Prevalence of health promotion policies in sports clubs in Victoria, Australia. Health Promot Int. 2006;21(2):121–9.PubMedView Article
  56. Dubas LE, Adams BB. Sunscreen use and availability among female collegiate athletes. J Am Acad Dermatol. 2012;67(5):876.e1–6.
Metadaten
Titel
Ultraviolet Radiation and the Athlete: Risk, Sun Safety, and Barriers to Implementation of Protective Strategies
verfasst von
Sphoorthi Jinna
Brian B. Adams
Publikationsdatum
01.07.2013
Verlag
Springer International Publishing AG
Erschienen in
Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 7/2013
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-013-0021-5

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 7/2013

Sports Medicine 7/2013 Zur Ausgabe

Review Article

Skin Conditions of Baseball, Cricket, and Softball Players

Current Opinion

Exercise at 65 and Beyond

Correspondence

Authors’ Reply to Périard: “Cardiovascular Determinants Involved in Pacing Under Heat Stress”

Review Article

What Do Athletes Drink During Competitive Sporting Activities?

Review Article

Methods of Prescribing Relative Exercise Intensity: Physiological and Practical Considerations

Review Article

Vitamin D and Physical Performance

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Neu im Fachgebiet Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Arthroskopie kann Knieprothese nicht hinauszögern

25.04.2024 Gonarthrose Nachrichten

Ein arthroskopischer Eingriff bei Kniearthrose macht im Hinblick darauf, ob und wann ein Gelenkersatz fällig wird, offenbar keinen Unterschied.

Therapiestart mit Blutdrucksenkern erhöht Frakturrisiko

25.04.2024 Hypertonie Nachrichten

Beginnen ältere Männer im Pflegeheim eine Antihypertensiva-Therapie, dann ist die Frakturrate in den folgenden 30 Tagen mehr als verdoppelt. Besonders häufig stürzen Demenzkranke und Männer, die erstmals Blutdrucksenker nehmen. Dafür spricht eine Analyse unter US-Veteranen.

Ärztliche Empathie hilft gegen Rückenschmerzen

23.04.2024 Leitsymptom Rückenschmerzen Nachrichten

Personen mit chronischen Rückenschmerzen, die von einfühlsamen Ärzten und Ärztinnen betreut werden, berichten über weniger Beschwerden und eine bessere Lebensqualität.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen
Bildnachweise