INTRODUCTION
Research questions
METHODS
Design
Study sample
Measures
Intervention
Analysis
RESULTS
What are the socio-demographic and drinking characteristics of users in England of a popular app (Drinks Meter) to help reduce alcohol consumption?
Variable | Drinks Meter app users N = 818 | Drinkers N = 24,299 |
B or OR (95% CI) p value | Adjusted B or OR (95% CI)a
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Gender, % (95% CI) | OR = .58 (.50, .67)
p < .001 | OR = 1.17 (1.00, 1.38)
p = .054 | ||
Maleb
| 64.9 (61.6, 68.2) | 51.7 (51.1, 52.3) | ||
Female | 35.1 (31.8, 38.4) | 48.3 (47.7, 48.9) | ||
Age in years, mean (SD) | 30.6 (11.9) | 47.8 (18.3) |
B = −17.23 (−18.49, −15.97)
p < .001 |
B = −10.78 (−12.08, −9.47)
p < .001 |
Region of England, % (95% CI) | OR = 2.18 (1.87, 2.54)
p < .001 | OR = 2.89 (2.45, 3.40)
p < .001 | ||
Northb
| 28.9 (25.8, 32.0) | 46.9 (46.3, 47.5) | ||
South | 71.1 (68.0, 74.2) | 53.1 (52.5, 53.7) | ||
Sexual orientation, % (95% CI) | OR = 2.79 (2.30, 3.38)
p < .001 | OR = 2.27 (1.83, 2.81)
p < .001 | ||
Heterosexualb
| 83.5 (81.0, 86.0) | 93.4 (93.1, 93.7) | ||
Not heterosexual | 16.5 (14.0, 19.0) | 6.6 (6.3, 6.9) | ||
Social grade, % (95% CI) | OR = .12 (.09, .15)
p < .001 | OR = .12 (.09, .16)
p < .001 | ||
ABC1b
| 92.8 (91.0, 94.6) | 60.2 (59.6, 60.8) | ||
C2DE | 7.2 (5.4, 9.0) | 39.8 (39.2, 40.4) | ||
Drinking characteristics | ||||
AUDIT score, mean (SD) | 12.3 (6.3) | 4.9 (3.8) |
B = 7.38 (7.11, 7.66)
p < .001 |
B = 6.46 (6.20, 6.73)
p < .001 |
AUDIT-C score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (2.0) | 4.1 (2.5) |
B = 2.17 (1.99, 2.34)
p < .001 |
B = 1.64 (1.47, 1.81)
p < .001 |
Binge drinking, % (95% CI) | OR = 6.12 (5.29, 7.08)
p < .001 | OR = 4.18 (3.58, 4.88)
p < .001 | ||
Less than monthlyb
| 36.1 (32.8, 39.4) | 77.5 (77.0, 78.0) | ||
Monthly or more | 63.9 (60.6, 67.2) | 22.5 (22.0, 23.0) | ||
Others concerned, % (95% CI) | OR = 8.61 (7.34, 10.11)
p < .001 | OR = 7.58 (6.36, 9.05)
p < .001 | ||
Nob
| 70.0 (66.9, 73.1) | 95.3 (95.0, 95.6) | ||
Yes | 30.0 (26.9, 33.1) | 4.7 (4.4, 5.0) |
How do these socio-demographic and drinking characteristics compare with that of the general population of (i) drinkers in England?
How do these socio-demographic and drinking characteristics compare with that of the general population of (ii) drinkers who owned a smart digital device with internet access in England?
Variable | Drinks Meter app users N = 818 | Drinkers who own a smart device with internet access N = 11,990 |
B or OR (95% CI) p value | Adjusted B or OR (95% CI)a
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Gender, % (95% CI) | OR = .60 (.52, .70)
p < .001 | OR = 1.08 (.91, 1.27)
p = .393 | ||
Maleb
| 64.9 (61.6, 68.2) | 52.7 (51.9, 53.6) | ||
Female | 35.1 (31.8, 38.4) | 47.3 (46.5, 48.2) | ||
Age in years, mean (SD) | 30.6 (11.9) | 40.2 (14.7) |
B = −9.63 (−10.66, −8.61)
p < .001 |
B = −7.93 (−9.02, −6.83)
p < .001 |
Region of England, % (95% CI) | OR = 2.32 (1.98, 2.71)
p < .001 | OR = 3.07 (2.58, 3.64)
p < .001 | ||
Northb
| 28.9 (25.8, 32.0) | 48.4 (47.6, 49.3) | ||
South | 71.1 (68.0, 74.2) | 51.6 (50.8, 52.5) | ||
Sexual orientation, % (95% CI) | OR = 3.32 (2.72, 4.05)
p < .001 | OR = 2.37 (1.87, 2.99)
p < .001 | ||
Heterosexualb
| 83.5 (81.0, 86.0) | 94.4 (94.0, 94.8) | ||
Not heterosexual | 16.5 (14.0, 19.0) | 5.6 (5.2, 6.0) | ||
Social grade, % (95% CI) | OR = .14 (.11, .19)
p < .001 | OR = .13 (.10, .17)
p < .001 | ||
ABC1b
| 92.8 (91.0, 94.6) | 64.8 (64.0, 65.6) | ||
C2DE | 7.2 (5.4, 9.0) | 35.2 (34.4, 36.0) | ||
Drinking characteristics | ||||
AUDIT score, mean (SD) | 12.3 (6.3) | 5.4 (4.0) |
B = 6.85 (6.56, 7.14)
p < .001 |
B = 6.40 (6.11, 6.70)
p < .001 |
AUDIT-C score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (2.0) | 4.5 (2.5) |
B = 1.82 (1.64, 1.99)
p < .001 |
B = 1.63 (1.45, 1.80)
p < .001 |
Binge drinking, % (95% CI) | OR = 4.54 (3.91, 5.26)
p < .001 | OR = 3.86 (3.30, 4.52)
p < .001 | ||
Less than monthlyb
| 36.1 (32.8, 39.4) | 71.9 (71.1, 72.7) | ||
Monthly or more | 63.9 (60.6, 67.2) | 28.1 (27.3, 28.9) | ||
Others concerned, % (95% CI) | OR = 7.71 (6.52, 9.12)
p < .001 | OR = 7.98 (6.61, 9.62)
p < .001 | ||
Nob
| 70.0 (66.9, 73.1) | 94.7 (94.3, 95.1) | ||
Yes | 30.0 (26.9, 33.1) | 5.3 (4.9, 5.7) |
How do the socio-demographic and drinking characteristics differ between app and website users of Drinks Meter?
Variable | Drinks Meter app users N = 818 | Drinks Meter website users N = 2241 |
B or OR (95% CI) p value | Adjusted B or OR (95% CI)a
p value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Socio-demographic characteristics | ||||
Gender, % (95% CI) | OR = .87 (.73, 1.02)
p = .088 | OR = .87 (.73, 1.03)
p = .110 | ||
Maleb
| 64.9 (61.6, 68.2) | 61.5 (59.5, 63.5) | ||
Female | 35.1 (31.8, 38.4) | 38.5 (36.5, 40.5) | ||
Age in years, mean (SD) | 30.6 (11.9) | 34.6 (12.3) |
B = −3.99 (−4.97, −3.01)
p < .001 |
B = −3.42 (−4.36, −2.47)
p < .001 |
Region of England, % (95% CI) | OR = .92 (.77, 1.10)
p = .346 | OR = .90 (.75, 1.08)
p = .255 | ||
Northb
| 28.9 (25.8, 32.0) | 27.1 (25.3, 28.9) | ||
South | 71.1 (68.0, 74.2) | 72.9 (71.1, 74.7) | ||
Sexual orientation, % (95% CI) | OR = 1.11 (.90, 1.38)
p = .336 | OR = 1.08 (.86, 1.35)
p = .503 | ||
Heterosexualb
| 83.5 (81.0, 86.0) | 84.9 (83.4, 86.4) | ||
Not heterosexual | 16.5 (14.0, 19.0) | 15.1 (13.6, 16.6) | ||
Social grade, % (95% CI) | OR = .76 (.57, 1.03)
p = .079 | OR = .85 (.62, 1.17)
p = .306 | ||
ABC1b
| 92.8 (91.0, 94.6) | 90.8 (89.6, 92.0) | ||
C2DE | 7.2 (5.4, 9.0) | 9.2 (8.0, 10.4) | ||
Drinking characteristics | ||||
AUDIT score, mean (SD) | 12.3 (6.3) | 10.8 (6.6) |
B = 1.44 (.92, 1.96)
p < .001 |
B = 1.16 (.64, 1.67)
p < .001 |
AUDIT-C score, mean (SD) | 6.3 (2.0) | 6.0 (2.3) |
B = .27 (.09, .44)
p = .003 |
B = .21 (.03, .38)
p = .021 |
Binge drinking, % (95% CI) | OR = 1.35 (1.15, 1.59)
p < .001 | OR = 1.20 (1.02, 1.43)
p = .033 | ||
Less than monthlyb
| 36.1 (32.8, 39.4) | 43.2 (41.2, 45.3) | ||
Monthly or more | 63.9 (60.6, 67.2) | 56.8 (54.8, 58.9) | ||
Others concerned, % (95% CI) | OR = 1.28 (1.07, 1.53)
p = .007 | OR = 1.37 (1.14, 1.64)
p = .001 | ||
Nob
| 70.0 (66.9, 73.1) | 74.9 (73.1, 76.7) | ||
Yes | 30.0 (26.9, 33.1) | 25.1 (23.3, 26.9) |