Background
Patient activation measure (PAM)
Translation and adaptation
Method
Participants and setting
The questionnaire
Data analysis
Results
Participants
Variables | n (%) | Missing n (%) | PAM total scoreb Mean (SD) |
---|---|---|---|
Sex | 1 (0.4) | ||
Male | 127 (51.2) | 57.3 (13.0) | |
Female | 120 (48.4) | 60.2 (15.9) | |
Agea (years) | 70 | 4 (1.6) | |
Education | 5 (2.0) | ||
Less than 9 years | 31 (12.5) | 52.5 (16.4) | |
Primary school (= 9 years) | 84 (33.9) | 56.5 (15.1) | |
Secondary school/Vocational training | 80 (32.3) | 61.3 (13.9) | |
University | 48 (19.4) | 62.2 (12.3) | |
Main diagnosis | 10 (4.0) | ||
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 42 (16.9) | 54.7 (15.8) | |
Heart failure | 52 (21.0) | 54.3 (13.4) | |
Arterial fibrillation/AF | 10 (4.0) | 67.4 (14.5) | |
Cancer | 36 (14.5) | 56.1 (10.7) | |
Diabetes mellitus | 6 (2.4) | 61.4 (16.8) | |
Surgical/Acute | 92 (37.1) | 62.3 (14.3) | |
General health | 1 (0.4) | ||
Excellent | 42 (17.3) | 60.4 (18.2) | |
Very good | 82 (33.1) | 62.6 (15.6) | |
Good | 72 (29.0) | 62.7 (13.2) | |
Fair | 38 (15.3) | 57.1 (13.4) | |
Poor | 12 (4.8) | 51.7 (14.3) |
Item | Total n (%) | Strongly disagree n (%) | Disagree n (%) | Agree n (%) | Strongly agree n (%) | Not applicable n (%) | Missing values n (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
PAM 1 | 245 (98.8) | 2 (0.8) | 3 (1.2) | 110 (44.4) | 130 (52.4) | – | 3 (1.2) |
PAM 2 | 246 (98.8) | 4 (1.6) | 10 (4.0) | 133 (53.6) | 98 (39.5) | 2 (0.8) | 1 (0.4) |
PAM 3 | 246 (98.8) | 8 (3.2) | 33 (13.3) | 134 (54.0) | 70 (28.2) | – | 3 (1.2) |
PAM 4 | 243 (93.5) | 8 (3.2) | 12 (4.8) | 95 (38.3) | 117 (47.2) | 1 (0.4) | 15 (6.0) |
PAM 5 | 246 (99.2) | 8 (3.2) | 54 (21.8) | 113 (45.6) | 71 (28.6) | – | 2 (0.8) |
PAM 6 | 245 (98.4) | 5 (2.0) | 21 (8.5) | 130 (52.4) | 88 (35.5) | 2 (0.8) | 2 (0.8) |
PAM 7 | 242 (97.2) | 3 (1.2) | 27 (10.9) | 119 (48.0) | 92 (37.1) | 1 (0.4) | 6 (2.4) |
PAM 8 | 245 (98.8) | 9 (3.6) | 33 (13.3) | 128 (51.6) | 75 (30.2) | – | 3 (1.2) |
PAM 9 | 242 (96.4) | 14 (5.6) | 63 (25.4) | 110 (44.4) | 52 (21.0) | – | 9 (3.6) |
PAM 10 | 240 (94.8) | 17 (6.9) | 71 (28.6) | 107 (43.1) | 40 (16.1) | – | 13 (5.2) |
PAM 11 | 236 (92.7) | 14 (5.6) | 54 (21.8) | 118 (47.6) | 44 (17.7) | 4 (1.6) | 14 (5.6) |
PAM 12 | 240 (94.4) | 19 (7.7) | 77 (31.0) | 115 (46.4) | 23 (9.3) | 7 (2.8) | 7 (2.8) |
PAM 13 | 241 (96.1) | 19 (7.7) | 71 (28.6) | 111 (44.8) | 37 (14.9) | – | 10 (4.0) |
PAM rating
Item number and name | Calibrated PAM score | Measure | SE | 95% CI | Threshold 1 | Threshold 2 | Threshold 3 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
1. When all is said and done, I am the person who is responsible for taking care of my health* | 36.22 | −1.55 | .13 | −1.80 to − 1.30 | −3.67 | −2.04 | 1.06 |
4. I know what each of my prescribed medications do* | 39.52 | −1.13 | .13 | −1.38 to −0.88 | −3.25 | − 1.62 | 1.48 |
2. Taking an active role in my own health care is the most important thing that affects my health* | 41.5 | −0.87 | .12 | −1.11 to − 0.63 | −2.99 | − 1.36 | 1.74 |
7. I am confident that I can follow through on medical treatments I may need to do at home | 43.82 | −0.57 | .12 | −0.81 to − 0.33 | −2.69 | −1.06 | 2.04 |
6. I am confident that I can tell a doctor concerns I have even when he or she does not ask | 43.89 | −0.56 | .12 | −0.8 to − 0.32 | −2.68 | −1.05 | 2.05 |
8. I understand my health problems and what causes them | 47.38 | −0.11 | .11 | −0.33 to 0.11 | −2.23 | −0.6 | 2.5 |
3. I am confident I can help prevent or reduce problems associated with my health | 47.72 | −0.07 | .11 | −0.29 to 0.15 | −2.19 | −0.56 | 2.54 |
5. I am confident that I can tell whether I need to go to the doctor or whether I can take care of a health problem myself | 49.7 | 0.19 | .11 | −0.03 to 0.41 | −1.93 | −0.3 | 2.8 |
11. I know how to prevent problems with my health | 53.61 | 0.69 | .11 | 0.47 to 0.91 | −1.43 | 0.2 | 3.3 |
9. I know what treatments are available for my health problems | 53.64 | 0.70 | .11 | 0.48 to 0.92 | −1.42 | 0.2 | 3.31 |
10. I have been able to maintain (keep up with) lifestyle changes, like eating right or exercising | 55.91 | 0.99 | .11 | 0.77 to 1.21 | −1.13 | 0.5 | 3.6 |
13. I am confident that I can maintain lifestyle changes, like eating right and exercising, even during times of stress | 56.37 | 1.05 | .11 | 0.83 to 1.27 | −1.07 | 0.56 | 3.66 |
12. I am confident I can figure out solutions when new problems arise with my health | 57.98 | 1.26 | .11 | 1.04 to 1.48 | −0.86 | 0.77 | 3.87 |
PAM item | Infit MnSq | Outfit MnSq | Observed correlation | Expected correlation |
---|---|---|---|---|
1 | 0.97 | 1.19 | .51 | .54 |
2 | 1.06 | 1.08 | .53 | .59 |
3 | 1.00 | 1.03 | .63 | .64 |
4 | 1.18 | 1.21 | .59 | .58 |
5 | 1.20 | 1.25 | .60 | .65 |
6 | 1.12 | 1.12 | .55 | .62 |
7 | 0.89 | 0.87 | .66 | .61 |
8 | 1.00 | 0.96 | .66 | .64 |
9 | 1.25 | 1.28 | .60 | .66 |
10 | 0.81 | 0.85 | .74 | .67 |
11 | 0.82 | 0.85 | .73 | .67 |
12 | 0.82 | 0.85 | .69 | .68 |
13 | 0.85 | 0.87 | .72 | .68 |