Background
Study objective | Data source | Number of countries |
---|---|---|
Estimate the coverage of antenatal iron supplementation | Demographic and Health Surveys Service Provision Assessments (facility inventory) Service Availability and Readiness Assessments (facility inventory) | 16 |
Assess the validity of self-reported receipt of iron supplements | Service Provision Assessment (client exit interview) | 9 |
Examine the impact of the length of recall period on the validity of reported receipt of iron supplements | Nepal Oil Massage Study (NOMS) sub-sample | 1 |
Identify the characteristics of pregnant women who accurately reported receipt of iron supplements | Service Provision Assessment (client exit interview) | 9 |
Methods
Data sources
Analysis
Estimation of input-adjusted coverage
Validity of self-reported receipt of iron supplements
Factors associated with agreement
Results
Estimation of input-adjusted coverage
Country | Type of health facility survey | Year of health facility survey | Year of household surveya | ANC facilities sampled (n) | ANC facilities with iron supplements available (%) | Women who attended at least one ANC visit (%)b | Women attended ANC at a health facility with iron supplements available (%) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bangladesh | SPA | 2014 | 2014 | 1493 | 94 | 64 | 60 |
Benin | SARA | 2013 | 2011–12 | 158 | 97 | 86 | 83 |
Burkina Faso | SARA | 2012 | 2010 | 609 | 88 | 96 | 84 |
DRC | SARA | 2014 | 2013–14 | 1149 | 60 | 89 | 53 |
Haiti | SPA | 2013 | 2012 | 832 | 82 | 90 | 73 |
Kenya | SPA | 2010 | 2008–09 | 561 | 52 | 92 | 48 |
Malawi | SPA | 2013–14 | 2015–16 | 643 | 97 | 95 | 92 |
Namibia | SPA | 2009 | 2006–07 | 303 | 94 | 94 | 89 |
Nepal | SPA | 2015 | 2016 | 902 | 91 | 86 | 78 |
Rwanda | SPA | 2007 | 2007–2008 | 432 | 78 | 97 | 75 |
Senegal | SPA | 2016 | 2016 | 353 | 82 | 96 | 78 |
Sierra Leone | SARA | 2013 | 2013 | 428 | 90 | 98 | 88 |
Tanzania | SPA | 2014–15 | 2015–16 | 1031 | 95 | 98 | 93 |
Togo | SARA | 2012 | 2013–14 | 92 | 93 | 73 | 68 |
Uganda | SPA | 2007 | 2006 | 399 | 63 | 93 | 59 |
Zimbabwe | SARA | 2014 | 2015 | 262 | 96 | 92 | 89 |
Median | 91 | 92 | 78 |
Validity of self-reported receipt of iron supplements
n | % | |
---|---|---|
Client age (years) | ||
< 25 | 6655 | 49 |
25–34 | 5670 | 42 |
35+ | 1302 | 9 |
Client highest level of school attended | ||
None | 2694 | 20 |
Primary | 6792 | 50 |
Secondary or higher | 4087 | 30 |
Client can read and writea | 7116 | 63 |
Primigravida | 4141 | 31 |
First visit to this facility for this pregnancy | 5865 | 43 |
Facility nearest home | 11,476 | 85 |
Hospital | 3824 | 28 |
Public facility | 10,254 | 76 |
Charged for services today | 4019 | 30 |
Male provider | 11,013 | 81 |
Country (year of survey) | ||
Haiti (2013) | 1652 | 12 |
Kenya (2010) | 1431 | 11 |
Malawi (2013–14) | 2067 | 15 |
Namibia (2009) | 857 | 6 |
Nepal (2015) | 1542 | 11 |
Rwanda (2007) | 734 | 5 |
Senegal (2016) | 848 | 6 |
Tanzania (2014–15) | 4073 | 30 |
Uganda (2007) | 369 | 3 |
Country | Year | Survey | Total number of ANC clients observed | Observation prevalence | Sensitivity | Specificity | Correctly classified | Self-reported prevalence | Area under the curve (AUC) | Inflation factor |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Haiti | 2013 | SPA | 1620 | 70.9 | 88.3 | 66.9 | 82.1 | 72.3 | 0.78 | 1.02 |
Kenya | 2010 | SPA | 1409 | 50.6 | 82.1 | 92.8 | 87.4 | 45.1 | 0.87 | 0.89 |
Malawi | 2013–14 | SPA | 2068 | 86.0 | 95.7 | 71.0 | 92.2 | 86.3 | 0.83 | 1.00 |
Namibia | 2009 | SPA | 859 | 78.4 | 87.7 | 83.3 | 86.7 | 72.3 | 0.86 | 0.92 |
Nepal | 2015 | SPA | 1565 | 63.3 | 74.7 | 71.8 | 73.6 | 57.6 | 0.73 | 0.91 |
Rwanda | 2007 | SPA | 722 | 41.8 | 63.3 | 90.7 | 79.2 | 31.9 | 0.77 | 0.76 |
Senegal | 2016 | SPA | 849 | 86.8 | 97.7 | 89.3 | 96.6 | 86.2 | 0.93 | 0.99 |
Tanzania | 2014–15 | SPA | 4009 | 75.9 | 91.9 | 74.8 | 87.8 | 75.8 | 0.83 | 1.00 |
Uganda | 2007 | SPA | 779 | 75.2 | 85.7 | 82.9 | 85.0 | 68.7 | 0.84 | 0.91 |
Total | 13,880 | 71.8 | 88.7 | 79.3 | 86.0 | 69.5 | 0.84 | 0.97 | ||
Nepal | 2016–17 | NOMS | 227 | 53.7 | 86.1 | 34.3 | 62.1 | 76.7 | 0.60 | 1.43 |
Factors associated with agreement
Crude risk ratio | 95% CI | Adjusted risk ratio | 95% CI | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Client age (years) | ||||
< 25 | Reference | Reference | ||
25–34 | 0.99 | 0.97–1.00 | 0.98 | 0.97–1.00 |
≥35 | 0.97 | 0.95–1.00 | 0.96 | 0.93–0.98 |
Client highest level of school attended | ||||
None | Reference | Reference | ||
Primary | 1.01 | 0.98–1.02 | 1.00 | 0.99–1.02 |
Secondary or higher | 0.95 | 0.93–0.97 | 0.97 | 0.95–0.99 |
Primigravida | 0.97 | 0.96–0.99 | ||
First visit to this facility for this pregnancy | 1.06 | 1.05–1.08 | 1.07 | 1.06–1.08 |
Facility nearest home | 1.05 | 1.03–1.07 | ||
Hospital | 0.95 | 0.93–0.96 | ||
Public facility | 1.05 | 1.03–1.06 | ||
Charged for services today | 0.96 | 0.95–0.98 | 0.94 | 0.93–0.96 |
Male provider | 1.03 | 1.01–1.05 | ||
Country | ||||
Nepal (2015) | Reference | Reference | ||
Haiti (2013) | 1.10 | 1.06–1.15 | 1.12 | 1.08–1.16 |
Kenya (2010) | 1.18 | 1.14–1.22 | 1.20 | 1.16–1.24 |
Malawi (2013–14) | 1.24 | 1.20–1.29 | 1.22 | 1.18–1.26 |
Namibia (2009) | 1.17 | 1.12–1.22 | 1.15 | 1.11–1.20 |
Rwanda (2007) | 1.07 | 1.02–1.12 | 1.05 | 1.00–1.10 |
Senegal (2016) | 1.30 | 1.26–1.35 | 1.35 | 1.30–1.39 |
Tanzania (2014–15) | 1.18 | 1.15–1.22 | 1.16 | 1.13–1.20 |
Uganda (2007) | 1.15 | 1.10–1.20 | 1.13 | 1.08–1.17 |