Background
Methods
Defining the research question
Identifying relevant studies
No | Name of database |
---|---|
1 | Medline |
2 | PsycINFO |
3 | CINAHL |
4 | EMBASE |
5 | Cochrane Library |
6 | Applied Social Science Index and Abstracts |
7 | Campbell Collaboration Library |
Study selection
Inclusion Criteria | Exclusion Criteria |
---|---|
• Research and non-research studies | • Documents addressing adults only or children only |
• Documents relevant to any mental health and substance use service setting (i.e., community centers, hospitals, primary care) | • Documents not discussing services for mental or behavioral health or substance use (e.g., focus on physical health services) |
• Documents focusing on adolescents, youth, young adults, or emerging adults | • Documents mentioning youth friendliness only in passing/not explaining youth friendliness in ways that answer the research question |
• Documents irrespective of gender/sex, and ethnicity | • Documents specific to a particular treatment modality rather than the service setting as a whole (e.g., youth adaptations of cognitive-behavioral therapy) |
• Only documents addressing mental/ behavioral health or addiction service settings | |
• Only documents specifically discussing the definition, characteristics, or expected impact of youth friendliness in these settings | • Conference presentation more than 3 years ago |
• Documents originating from developing countries, where youth culture may not be generalizable to that in developed countries |
Data extraction
Collecting, summarizing and reporting of data
Stakeholder consultations
Results
Author (Reference Number) | Location | Type of document | Perspectives/ Description of services | Organization and policy characteristics | Environment characteristics | Staff characteristics | Treatment/ Service characteristics | Expected Impact | Definition |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Armstrong [23] | Canada | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth and Staff perspectives | Youth voice | – | – | – | ↑Youth engagement may lead to ↓stigma, ↓suicidality, ↑coping, ↑youth connections | Youth participation in service design and delivery, under close support of professionals |
Bardash [24] | USA | Dissertation | Youth and Staff perspectives | Transitional age focus, terminology | Physical layout and décor, Informational materials | – | Location and access, | Youth-friendly environment may lead to ↑service uptake | – |
Boyden, Muniz, & Laxton-Kane [25] | UK | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | – | – | Communication and counselling skills | – | – | – |
Davidson et al., [26] | Canada | Peer reviewed journal article | Description of services | – | – | – | – | – | Knowledge of, appreciation for, and lack of judgment towards youth culture |
Davidson et al.[27] | Canada | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | – | – | – | – | – | Knowledge of, appreciation for, and lack of judgment towards youth culture |
Dixon et al. [28] | Australia | Peer reviewed journal article | Staff perspectives | – | – | Communication and counselling skills | – | – | – |
Goodwin [29] | New Zealand | Presentation | Description of services | Youth voice, Integrated services, Confidentiality, Inclusive and culturally diverse | – | Youth voice, Paradigms of working with youth | Appointment times, Cost, First contact and assessment, | – | Youth accessibility, appropriateness, affordability, and confidentiality |
Hyman et al. [30] | Canada | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | – | – | Values and attitudes | – | Youth-friendly service provider may lead to ↑treatment engagement | – |
James [31] | Australia | Peer reviewed journal article | Description of services | Youth voice | – | – | – | – | Listen to youth, do so willingly and frequently, and take notice of what it hears |
Kiselica [32] | USA | Peer reviewed journal article | Description of services | Inclusive services | Physical layout and décor | Paradigms of working with youth, Communication and counselling skills | Appointment times, Recreational activities, Group activities, Innovative services | Youth-friendly service provider and recreational activities may lead to ↑ treatment engagement | Wide variety of strategies that appeal to youth and that facilitate establishment and maintenance of rapport |
Kiselica [33] | USA | Book chapter | Description of services | – | – | Paradigms of working with youth | – | – | Informal settings, flexible time schedules, instrumental activities, humor, self-disclosure, psychoeducational groups |
Kiselica and Englar-Carlson [34] | USA | Book chapter | Description of services | – | Physical layout and décor | Paradigms of working with youth, Communication and counselling skills, | Appointment times, Recreational activities, Group activities, Innovative services | Youth-friendly service provider may lead to ↑ treatment engagement | Wide variety of strategies that appeal to youth and that facilitate establishment and maintenance of rapport |
McCann and Lubman [35] | Australia | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | – | – | Values and attitudes | Appointment times, Youth practitioner fit, Individualized response | Youth-friendly service provider may lead to ↑service satisfaction | Youth feel engaged, valued, respected, supported to take control of their lives |
McGorry [36] | Australia | Peer reviewed journal article | Description of services | – | – | – | – | – | Services that acknowledge and respond to cultural and developmental issues |
Medlow et al. [37] | Australia | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | – | Physical layout and décor | Welcoming staff | – | – | Greater consumer and carer involvement in planning and delivery |
Muir, Powell & McDermott [38] | Australia | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | Integrated services, Confidentiality, Transitional age focus | Physical layout and décor | Welcoming staff, Values and attitudes | Youth voice, Location and access, Appointment times, Cost, Youth Practitioner fit | Youth-friendly services (e.g. text messages) may lead to ↑treatment engagement | WHO youth-friendly services definition |
Paul Hamlyn Foundation and Mental Health Foundation [39] | UK | Guidelines/ Framework | Description of services | Youth voice, Confidentiality, Appropriate promotional approaches, Technological platforms, | – | Youth voice | Location and access, Appointment times, First contact and assessment, Youth practitioner fit, Recreational activities | Youth engagement may lead to ↑service uptake, improved mental health, ↑youth empowerment, ↑transparency, ↓stigma, and ↑career development among youth | WHO ‘You’re Welcome’ criteria |
Persson, Hagquist & Michelson [40] | Sweden | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | Safe space | Youth voice, Physical layout and décor | Welcoming staff, Communication and counselling skills | Location and access, Appointment times, Caregiver involvement, Recreational approaches, Innovative approaches | – | – |
Pinto [41] | UK | Peer reviewed journal article | Description of services | – | – | – | – | – | Adapt frameworks to meet current situation |
Pope [42] | UK | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | Appropriate promotional approaches | – | Youth voice, Young staff members | – | – | Younger staff, ↑visibility, youth designed publicity |
Rhodes [43] | USA | Dissertation | Staff perspectives | – | – | – | Innovative approaches | – | – |
Rickwood et al. [44] | Australia | Guidelines/ Framework | Youth, Caregiver, Staff perspectives | Youth voice, Integrated services, Inclusive and culturally diverse services | Physical layout and décor, Informational materials | Welcoming staff, Values and attitudes, Communication and counselling skills | Individualized response | – | WHO youth-friendly services definition |
Rickwood, Van Dyke & Telford [45] | Australia | Peer reviewed journal article | Description of services | – | Physical layout and décor, Informational materials | – | – | – | Youth participation in own health care and well-being management |
Rosen and Howe [46] | Australia | Presentation | Description of services | Confidentiality, Inclusive services | – | Location and access, Appointment times, Cost | – | – | |
Scheve, Perkins & Mincemoyer [47] | USA | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | Youth voice | – | – | – | Listening to youth and applying their ideas may lead to ↑youth engagement in services | – |
Stromback, Malmgren-Olsson & Wiklund [48] | Sweden | Peer reviewed journal article | Youth perspectives | – | – | – | – | – | WHO youth-friendly services definition |
Ontario Centre of Excellence for Child and Youth Mental Health [49] | Canada | Guidelines/ Framework | Description of services | Confidentiality, Safe space, Inclusive and diverse | Youth voice, Physical layout and décor | Communication and counselling skills | Location and access, Appointment times, Group activities | – | Safe space – where one feels respected, valued, can express themselves authentically without fear of being judged |
Youthline [50] | New Zealand | Guidelines/ Framework | Description of services | Appropriate promotional approaches, Technological platforms | Informational materials |
–
|
–
|
–
| Defined youth-friendly mental health resources |
Organization and policy characteristics
Youth voice: youth engagement at the organization/policy level
One-stop shop/integrated services
Confidentiality and privacy
Appropriate promotional approaches
Technological platforms
‘Safe’ space versus ‘brave’ space
Transitional age focus
Inclusive and culturally diverse services
Terminology
Environment characteristics
Youth voice: youth engagement in environment development
Physical layout and décor
Informational materials
Staff and service provider characteristics
Paradigms of working with youth
Youth voice: youth as service providers
Young staff members
Welcoming staff
Service provider values & attitudes
Communication and counselling skills
Treatment/service characteristics
Location and access
Appointment and wait times
Cost
Youth-practitioner fit
First contact and assessment
Youth voice: youth involvement in treatment decisions
Individualized response
Recreational approaches
Group therapy and group activities
Artistic and innovative approaches
Caregiver involvement
Expected impact of youth-friendly mental health and substance use services
Definition
“A youth-friendly mental health and substance use service is one that is accessible, appealing, flexible, confidential and integrated, where youth feel respected, valued, and welcome to express themselves authentically, without discrimination of any kind; it is a developmentally and culturally appropriate service that mandates youth participation in service design and delivery, to empower youth and help them gain control over their lives.”