Which type of inflammation can be controlled by Foxp3+ Tregs?

Excerpt

Foxp3+ Tregs are a non-redundant dominant means of maintaining peripheral immune tolerance under homeostatic conditions because depletion of Tregs in adult individuals leads to multi-organ autoimmunity within 3 weeks [9]. Yet, the role of Tregs is more controversial under conditions of ongoing inflammation. Immunopathology in organ-specific autoimmunity in the CNS and joints, and chronic inflammation in the gut are much enhanced in the absence of Foxp3+ Tregs suggesting that Tregs can control ongoing autoimmune inflammation [8, 14, 15]. In infectious inflammation, foreign antigen-specific Foxp3+ Tregs also limit immunopathology [1]. However, in infectious diseases, Tregs are operational at the expense of less efficient pathogen eradication or even chronic infection. Here, effector T cell-intrinsic down-modulatory mechanisms like induction of IL-10 in activated effector T cells are instrumental to limiting immunopathology as well [7]. The interplay and relative importance of Treg-mediated and effector T cell intrinsic control of inflammation in infection and autoimmunity are not well understood. …