Introduction
Material and methods
Questionnaire
Register data
Statistical analyses
Results
Total N | Stress UI | Urge UI | UI without stress or urge | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (%) | No GP contact (%) | N (%) | No GP contact (%) | N (%) | No GP contact (%) | ||
All | 24,683 | 2246 (9.1) | 1713 (76.3) | 1211 (4.9) | 848 (70.0) | 594 (2.4) | 380 (64.0) |
Age | |||||||
20–39 | 5554 | 281 (5.1) | 224 (79.7) | 126 (2.3) | 89 (70.6) | 46 (0.8) | 30 (65.2) |
40–59 | 10,680 | 1012 (9.5) | 811 (80.1) | 465 (4.4) | 356 (76.6) | 206 (1.9) | 158 (76.7) |
60–79 | 7732 | 861 (11.1) | 617 (71.7) | 543 (7.0) | 354 (65.2) | 293 (3.8) | 165 (56.3) |
80+ | 717 | 92 (12.8) | 61 (66.3) | 77 (10.7) | 49 (63.6) | 49 (6.8) | 27 (55.1) |
Marital status | |||||||
Single | 6326 | 579 (9.2) | 420 (72.5) | 375 (5.9) | 247 (65.9) | 205 (3.2) | 122 (59.5) |
Married/Cohabiting | 18,357 | 1667 (9.1) | 1293 (77.6) | 836 (4.6) | 601 (71.9) | 389 (2.1) | 258 (66.3) |
Educational level | |||||||
Low (< 10 years) | 3069 | 403 (13.1) | 278 (69.0) | 263 (8.6) | 171 (65.0) | 135 (4.4) | 72 (53.3) |
Middle (10–14 years) | 12,644 | 1196 (9.5) | 922 (77.1) | 609 (4.8) | 437 (71.8) | 306 (2.4) | 204 (66.7) |
High (> = 15 years) | 8970 | 647 (7.2) | 513 (79.3) | 339 (3.8) | 240 (70.8) | 153 (1.7) | 104 (68.0) |
Labor market affiliation | |||||||
Working | 16,429 | 1263 (7.7) | 1022 (80.9) | 529 (3.2) | 398 (75.2) | 235 (1.4) | 172 (73.2) |
Pension | 5820 | 682 (11.7) | 480 (70.4) | 470 (8.1) | 307 (65.3) | 267 (4.6) | 148 (55.4) |
Out of workforce | 1360 | 129 (9.5) | 99 (76.7) | 90 (6.6) | 69 (76.7) | 35 (2.6) | 27 (77.1) |
Disability pension | 1074 | 172 (16.0) | 112 (65.1) | 122 (11.4) | 74 (60.7) | 57 (5.3) | 33 (57.9) |
Equivalence weighted disposable income | |||||||
Low (1st quartile) | 4189 | 425 (10.1) | 301 (70.8) | 277 (6.6) | 180 (65.0) | 140 (3.3) | 82 (58.6) |
Middle (2nd and 3rd quartile) | 13,004 | 1217 (9.4) | 928 (76.3) | 649 (5.0) | 455 (70.1) | 320 (2.5) | 201 (62.8) |
High (4th quartile) | 7490 | 604 (8.1) | 484 (80.1) | 285 (3.8) | 213 (74.7) | 134 (1.8) | 97 (72.4) |
Ethnicity | |||||||
Danish | 23,155 | 2130 (9.2) | 1628 (76.4) | 1149 (5.0) | 808 (70.3) | 567 (2.4) | 364 (64.2) |
Immigrants/descendants of immigrants | 1528 | 116 (7.6) | 85 (73.3) | 62 (4.1) | 40 (64.5) | 27 (1.8) | 16 (59.3) |
Stress UI | Urge UI | UI without stress or urge | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj OR (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj OR (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||||
20–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
40–59 | 1.03 (0.74–1.43) | 1.06 (0.76–1.48) | 1.36 (0.88–2.11) | 1.35 (0.87–2.10) | 1.76 (0.88–3.49) | 1.77 (0.89–3.53) |
60–79 | 0.64 (0.46–0.89) | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 0.78 (0.51–1.19) | 0.81 (0.53–1.25) | 0.69 (0.36–1.32) | 0.77 (0.40–1.49) |
80+ | 0.50 (0.30–0.84) | 0.62 (0.36–1.07) | 0.73 (0.40–1.33) | 0.81 (0.44–1.50) | 0.65 (0.29–1.50) | 0.75 (0.32–1.76) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married/Cohabiting | 1.31 (1.05–1.62) | 1.18 (0.94–1.47) | 1.33 (1.02–1.72) | 1.27 (0.97–1.66) | 1.34 (0.94–1.90) | 1.17 (0.81–1.70) |
Educational level | ||||||
Low (< 10 years) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (10–14 years) | 1.51 (1.18–1.94) | 1.32 (1.02–1.71) | 1.37 (1.00–1.86) | 1.21 (0.88–1.66) | 1.75 (1.16–2.65) | 1.42 (0.92–2.18) |
High (> = 15 years) | 1.72 (1.30–2.29) | 1.42 (1.05–1.93) | 1.30 (0.92–1.84) | 1.14 (0.80–1.63) | 1.86 (1.15–3.00) | 1.47 (0.89–2.42) |
Labor market affiliation | ||||||
Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Retirement pension | 0.56 (0.45–0.70) | 0.77 (0.54–1.09) | 0.62 (0.47–0.82) | 0.94 (0.62–1.43) | 0.46 (0.31–0.66) | 0.77 (0.43–1.38) |
Out of workforce | 0.78 (0.51–1.20) | 0.82 (0.53–1.27) | 1.08 (0.64–1.83) | 1.10 (0.65–1.88) | 1.24 (0.53–2.86) | 1.60 (0.66–3.89) |
Disability pension | 0.44 (0.31–0.62) | 0.50 (0.35–0.72) | 0.51 (0.34–0.77) | 0.53 (0.34–0.81) | 0.50 (0.28–0.92) | 0.57 (0.30–1.08) |
Equivalence weighted disposable income | ||||||
Low (1st quartile) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (2nd and 3rd quartile) | 1.32 (1.03–1.69) | 1.12 (0.86–1.46) | 1.26 (0.94–1.70) | 1.11 (0.81–1.53) | 1.19 (0.80–1.79) | 0.97 (0.63–1.51) |
High (4th quartile) | 1.66 (1.24–2.22) | 1.30 (0.94–1.80) | 1.59 (1.11–2.29) | 1.29 (0.85–1.95) | 1.85 (1.12–3.08) | 1.24 (0.70–2.21) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Danish | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Immigrants/ descendants of immigrants | 0.85 (0.55–1.29) | 0.81 (0.53–1.25) | 0.77 (0.45–1.31) | 0.70 (0.41–1.21) | 0.81 (0.37–1.78) | 0.78 (0.35–1.76) |
Being too embarrassed | Wasting the GP's time | Worried about what the GP might find | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||||
20–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
40–59 | 0.72 (0.51–1.01) | 0.68 (0.48 0.96) | 0.61 (0.43–0.86) | 0.58 (0.41–0.83) | 0.74 (0.46–1.19) | 0.66 (0.41–1.07) |
60–79 | 0.46 (0.32–0.67) | 0.41 (0.28–0.61) | 0.49 (0.34–0.72) | 0.48 (0.32–0.70) | 0.49 (0.29–0.82) | 0.39 (0.22–0.68) |
80+ | 0.34 (0.15–0.79) | 0.31 (0.13–0.73) | 0.38 (0.16–0.87) | 0.37 (0.15–0.87) | 0.98 (0.40–2.37) | 0.78 (0.31–2.00) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married/Cohabiting | 1.21 (0.91–1.62) | 1.09 (0.81–1.47) | 1.11 (0.82–1.50) | 1.02 (0.75–1.38) | 1.18 (0.78–1.78) | 1.19 (0.77–1.84) |
Educational leve | ||||||
Low (< 10 years) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (10–14 years) | 1.02 (0.73–1.42) | 0.82 (0.57–1.16) | 1.36 (0.94–1.98) | 1.19 (0.81–1.76) | 0.91 (0.58–1.42) | 0.75 (0.47–1.21) |
High (> = 15 years) | 0.90 (0.62–1.30) | 0.65 (0.44–0.96) | 1.14 (0.75–1.71) | 0.91 (0.59–1.40) | 0.56 (0.32–0.95) | 0.42 (0.23–0.74) |
Labor market affiliation | ||||||
Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Retirement pension | 0.64 (0.48–0.86) | 1.00 (0.61–1.66) | 0.70 (0.52–0.95) | 0.87 (0.53–1.43) | 0.83 (0.55–1.26) | 1.20 (0.55–2.61) |
Out of workforce | 1.39 (0.87–2.24) | 1.33 (0.82–2.16) | 1.44 (0.88–2.36) | 1.42 (0.86–2.35) | 1.74 (0.93–3.25) | 1.60 (0.85–3.03) |
Disability pension | 0.58 (0.33–1.01) | 0.60 (0.34–1.08) | 0.81 (0.47–1.39) | 0.91 (0.52–1.58) | 0.96 (0.47–1.97) | 0.98 (0.47–2.07) |
Equivalence weighted disposable income | ||||||
Low (1st quartile) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (2nd and 3rd quartile) | 0.96 (0.70–1.32) | 0.85 (0.61–1.20) | 1.15 (0.81–1.63) | 1.08 (0.75–1.58) | 0.58 (0.38–0.88) | 0.53 (0.34–0.83) |
High (4th quartile) | 0.65 (0.45–0.94) | 0.58 (0.38–0.88) | 0.97 (0.65–1.44) | 0.96 (0.62–1.49) | 0.41 (0.25–0.68) | 0.38 (0.22–0.68) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Danish | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Immigrants and descendants of immigrants | 1.40 (0.84–2.33) | 1.31 (0.78–2.20) | 1.23 (0.71–2.14) | 1.17 (0.67–2.04) | 0.99 (0.45–2.20) | 0.91 (0.41–2.03) |
Being too busy | Other | None | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||||
20–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
40–59 | 0.89 (0.63–1.26) | 0.90 (0.63–1.27) | 0.97 (0.70–1.34) | 1.17 (0.84–1.64) | 1.17 (0.84–1.63) | 1.07 (0.76–1.50) |
60–79 | 0.37 (0.25–0.54) | 0.37 (0.25–0.56) | 0.78 (0.55–1.09) | 1.15 (0.80–1.65) | 2.35 (1.67–3.29) | 1.91 (1.35–2.71) |
80+ | 0.38 (0.17–0.89) | 0.38 (0.16–0.91) | 0.41 (0.19–0.89) | 0.69 (0.31–1.54) | 3.85 (2.14–6.94) | 2.83 (1.53–5.23) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married/Cohabiting | 1.05 (0.79–1.40) | 0.87 (0.65–1.18) | 1.17 (0.91–1.51) | 1.03 (0.79–1.35) | 0.74 (0.59–0.93) | 0.90 (0.71–1.14) |
Educational leve | ||||||
Low (< 10 years) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (10–14 years) | 1.61 (1.09–2.37) | 1.24 (0.83–1.85) | 2.12 (1.44–3.12) | 2.08 (1.41–3.09) | 0.55 (0.42–0.72) | 0.68 (0.51–0.90) |
High (> = 15 years) | 1.71 (1.14–2.59) | 1.20 (0.78–1.86) | 4.77 (3.21–7.09) | 4.73 (3.14–7.13) | 0.36 (0.26–0.48) | 0.47 (0.34–0.65) |
Labor market affiliation | ||||||
Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Retirement pension | 0.27 (0.19–0.39) | 0.32 (0.19–0.54) | 0.61 (0.47–0.79) | 0.78 (0.52–1.18) | 2.64 (2.11–3.31) | 1.77 (1.23–2.56) |
Out of workforce | 0.52 (0.29–0.94) | 0.50 (0.28–0.90) | 0.58 (0.35–0.97) | 0.70 (0.42–1.18) | 1.30 (0.84–2.02) | 1.17 (0.75–1.83) |
Disability pension | 0.20 (0.09–0.44) | 0.20 (0.09–0.44) | 0.80 (0.52–1.25) | 1.05 (0.66–1.69) | 1.88 (1.26–2.80) | 1.54 (1.01–2.33) |
Equivalence weighted disposable income | ||||||
Low (1st quartile) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (2nd and 3rd quartile) | 1.03 (0.73–1.46) | 0.90 (0.62–1.32) | 1.39 (1.01–1.91) | 1.03 (0.73–1.44) | 0.84 (0.64–1.10) | 1.14 (0.85–1.52) |
High (4th quartile) | 1.40 (0.96–2.03) | 1.25 (0.82–1.90) | 1.89 (1.35–2.65) | 1.19 (0.82–1.75) | 0.63 (0.47–0.86) | 0.96 (0.68–1.34) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Danish | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Immigrants and descendants of immigrants | 1.81 (1.11–2.95) | 1.68 (1.02–2.77) | 0.77 (0.46–1.31) | 0.74 (0.43–1.26) | 0.80 (0.50–1.28) | 0.85 (0.53–1.38) |
Being too embarrassed | Wasting the GP's time | Worried about what the GP might find | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||||
20–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
40–59 | 1.20 (0.73–2.00) | 1.16 (0.70–1.93) | 0.62 (0.38–1.02) | 0.58 (0.35–0.97) | 0.74 (0.40–1.39) | 0.70 (0.38–1.32) |
60–79 | 0.66 (0.39–1.11) | 0.59 (0.35–1.02) | 0.57 (0.35–0.95) | 0.52 (0.31–0.87) | 0.69 (0.37–1.29) | 0.59 (0.31–1.12) |
80+ | 0.56 (0.23–1.33) | 0.54 (0.22–1.31) | 0.59 (0.26–1.31) | 0.59 (0.26–1.34) | 0.43 (0.14–1.37) | 0.38 (0.12–1.23) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married/Cohabiting | 1.40 (0.99–2.00) | 1.32 (0.92–1.88) | 1.47 (1.01–2.13) | 1.48 (1.01–2.17) | 1.11 (0.71–1.73) | 1.09 (0.69–1.70) |
Educational level | ||||||
Low (< 10 years) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (10–14 years) | 0.84 (0.57–1.25) | 0.69 (0.46–1.04) | 0.93 (0.62–1.40) | 0.85 (0.56–1.29) | 0.75 (0.46–1.21) | 0.68 (0.41–1.12) |
High (> = 15 years) | 0.74 (0.48–1.16) | 0.60 (0.37–0.95) | 0.60 (0.37–0.97) | 0.53 (0.32–0.87) | 0.50 (0.28–0.90) | 0.44 (0.24–0.81) |
Labor market affiliation | ||||||
Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Retirement pension | 0.63 (0.44–0.89) | 1.06 (0.57–1.97) | 0.90 (0.63–1.28) | 1.06 (0.58–1.93) | 0.91 (0.57–1.45) | 0.87 (0.42–1.78) |
Out of workforce | 1.05 (0.60–1.84) | 1.00 (0.56–1.78) | 1.10 (0.60–2.01) | 1.02 (0.55–1.90) | 2.20 (1.17–4.15) | 2.00 (1.04–3.83) |
Disability pension | 1.02 (0.59–1.74) | 0.99 (0.56–1.73) | 1.17 (0.67–2.06) | 1.21 (0.68–2.18) | 1.59 (0.83–3.08) | 1.47 (0.74–2.90) |
Equivalence weighted disposable income | ||||||
Low (1st quartile) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (2nd and 3rd quartile) | 0.90 (0.61–1.33) | 0.82 (0.54–1.24) | 1.10 (0.74–1.65) | 1.08 (0.70–1.66) | 0.74 (0.46–1.17) | 0.74 (0.45–1.21) |
High (4th quartile) | 0.89 (0.57–1.38) | 0.76 (0.46–1.25) | 0.70 (0.42–1.14) | 0.70 (0.40–1.22) | 0.44 (0.24–0.81) | 0.45 (0.23–0.89) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Danish | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Immigrants and descendants of immigrants | 1.44 (0.75–2.75) | 1.32 (0.68–2.55) | 1.51 (0.77–2.93) | 1.49 (0.76–2.94) | 1.65 (0.76–3.60) | 1.60 (0.72–3.53) |
Being too busy | Other | None | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | Crude OR (95% CI) | Adj. OR* (95% CI) | |
Age | ||||||
20–39 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
40–59 | 0.74 (0.45–1.22) | 0.76 (0.46–1.24) | 1.47 (0.92–2.37) | 1.62 (1.00–2.63) | 0.94 (0.60–1.47) | 0.90 (0.57–1.42) |
60–79 | 0.35 (0.21–0.60) | 0.36 (0.21–0.63) | 1.01 (0.62–1.64) | 1.24 (0.75–2.04) | 2.13 (1.36–3.32) | 1.97 (1.25–3.09) |
80+ | 0.39(0.16–0.95) | 0.39 (0.16–0.96) | 0.81 (0.38–1.71) | 0.90 (0.42–1.94) | 2.49 (1.32–4.72) | 2.35 (1.23–4.50) |
Marital status | ||||||
Single | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Married/Cohabiting | 0.96 (0.67–1.38) | 0.87 (0.60–1.25) | 0.87 (0.65–1.16) | 0.79 (0.58–1.07) | 0.91 (0.70–1.19) | 1.03 (0.78–1.37) |
Educational level | ||||||
Low (< 10 years) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (10–14 years) | 1.41 (0.87–2.29) | 1.15 (0.70–1.89) | 1.73 (1.14–2.62) | 1.67 (1.09–2.55) | 0.73 (0.53–1.01) | 0.89 (0.64–1.25) |
High (> = 15 years) | 1.65 (0.98–2.77) | 1.29 (0.76–2.21) | 3.55 (2.29–5.50) | 3.48 (2.22–5.44) | 0.48 (0.33–0.70) | 0.60 (0.41–0.88) |
Labor market affiliation | ||||||
Working | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Retirement pension | 0.23 (0.14–0.35) | 0.17 (0.09–0.33) | 0.59 (0.43–0.80) | 0.62 (0.38–1.00) | 2.52 (1.91–3.32) | 1.75 (1.12–2.73) |
Out of workforce | 0.34 (0.16–0.73) | 0.31 (0.14–0.67) | 0.84 (0.50–1.42) | 0.96 (0.56–1.64) | 0.98 (0.59–1.64) | 0.96 (0.57–1.62) |
Disability pension | 0.26 (0.12–0.57) | 0.25 (0.11–0.55) | 0.75 (0.46–1.24) | 0.86 (0.51–1.44) | 1.57 (0.99–2.48) | 1.43 (0.89–2.29) |
Equivalence weighted disposable income | ||||||
Low (1st quartile) | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Middle (2nd and 3rd quartile) | 1.10 (0.71–1.71) | 1.05 (0.65–1.69) | 1.46 (1.00–2.13) | 1.29 (0.87–1.93) | 0.81 (0.60–1.11) | 0.94 (0.67–1.32) |
High (4th quartile) | 1.39 (0.85–2.26) | 1.33 (0.76–2.32) | 2.39 (1.58–3.60) | 1.89 (1.19–3.00) | 0.65 (0.45–0.93) | 0.84 (0.56–1.27) |
Ethnicity | ||||||
Danish | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
Immigrants and descendants of immigrants | 1.68 (0.86–3.28) | 1.54 (0.78–3.03) | 0.97 (0.52–1.82) | 0.89 (0.46–1.69) | 0.69 (0.38–1.26) | 0.80 (0.43–1.47) |