Background
Methods
Participants
Procedures
Measurement of quality of life: lung cancer-related physical symptoms
Measurement of self-efficacy for managing illness
Measurement of family history of cancer
Measurement of covariates
Statistical analysis
Results
Preliminary analyses
Correlation coefficients | Gender comparisons | Patients with family cancer history vs. those without family cancer history | ||||||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Variable | 2 | 3 | 4 | 5 | 6 | Women M (SD)
| Men M (SD) |
F
|
p
|
d
(95% CI) | With M (SD) | Without M (SD) |
F
|
p
|
d
(95% CI) | |
1 | QOL-lung cancer symptoms T1 | .71*** | .66*** | −.11 | −.17† | −.39*** | 32.33 (20.73) | 26.39 (19.19) | 2.41 | .124 | 0.30 (−3.58, 4.17) | 33.79 (21.24) | 23.73 (17.49) | 6.58 | .012 | 0.52 (−3.31, 4.35) |
2 | QOL-lung cancer symptoms T2 | .63*** | −.11 | −.30** | −.36*** | 16.33 (14.69) | 12.45 (9.65) | 2.50 | .117 | 0.32 (−2.10, 2.73) | 16.51 (14.21) | 11.78 (9.69) | 3.68 | .058 | 0.39 (−2.03, 2.80) | |
3 | QOL-lung cancer symptoms T3 | −.05 | −.30** | −.51*** | 18.88 (22.58) | 9.64 (11.87) | 6.32 | .014 | 0.52 (−2.98, 4.02) | 18.08 (22.64) | 9.90 (10.78) | 5.01 | .027 | 0.45 (−3.10, 4.01) | ||
4 | Self-efficacy for managing illness T1 | .63*** | .29** | 3.64 (0.59) | 4.06 (0.49) | 14.56 | >.001 | −0.78 (−0.89, −0.68) | 3.75 (0.61) | 3.98 (0.53) | 4.01 | .048 | −0.40 (−0.52, −0.29) | |||
5 | Self-efficacy for managing illness T2 | .59*** | 4.38 (0.44) | 4.67 (0.29) | 15.18 | >.001 | −0.79 (−0.86, −0.71) | 4.49 (0.43) | 4.57 (0.37) | 1.05 | .308 | −0.20 (−0.28, −0.12) | ||||
6 | Self-efficacy for managing illness T3 | 4.57 (0.36) | 4.77 (0.29) | 9.07 | .003 | −0.62 (−0.68, −0.56) | 4.61 (0.37) | 4.75 (0.30) | 4.23 | .042 | −0.42 (−0.48, −0.35) |
The effects of time, gender, and family cancer history on QOL-lung cancer specific symptoms
Parameter | Estimate |
SE
| df |
t
|
P
| 95% Confidence Intervals | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||
Results for QOL-lung cancer physical symptoms: analysis with main effects only (no interaction terms) | |||||||
Intercept |
26.28
|
1.43
|
162.03
|
18.36
|
<.01
|
23.45
|
29.10
|
Emotional QOL (covariate) |
−0.18
|
0.04
|
99.57
|
−4.11
|
<.01
|
−0.27
|
−0.09
|
Social QOL (covariate) |
−0.13
|
0.05
|
99.33
|
−2.83
|
.01
|
−0.23
|
−0.04
|
Family cancer history | 2.22 | 1.24 | 99.44 | 1.79 | .08 | −0.24 | 4.68 |
Gender | −0.62 | 1.33 | 99.68 | −0.47 | .64 | −3.27 | 2.02 |
Time |
−7.52
|
0.76
|
122.15
|
−9.85
|
<.01
|
−9.03
|
−6.01
|
Results for QOL-lung cancer physical symptoms: analysis with interaction terms | |||||||
Intercept |
25.96
|
1.40
|
164.12
|
18.60
|
<.01
|
23.21
|
28.72
|
Emotional QOL (covariate) |
−0.16
|
0.04
|
99.88
|
−3.68
|
<.01
|
−0.24
|
−0.07
|
Social QOL (covariate) |
−0.14
|
0.05
|
99.53
|
−3.03
|
<.01
|
−0.23
|
−0.05
|
Family cancer history |
2.97
|
1.41
|
162.46
|
2.10
|
.04
|
0.18
|
5.76
|
Gender | 0.13 | 1.49 | 155.71 | 0.09 | .93 | −2.80 | 3.07 |
Gender * Family cancer history | −1.94 | 1.41 | 162.53 | −1.38 | .17 | −4.73 | 0.84 |
Time |
−7.61
|
0.75
|
121.39
|
−10.09
|
<.01
|
−9.10
|
−6.11
|
Time * Family cancer history | −0.62 | 0.75 | 121.39 | −0.82 | .41 | −2.11 | 0.88 |
Time * Gender | −0.74 | 0.75 | 121.38 | −0.98 | .33 | −2.23 | 0.75 |
Time * Gender* Family cancer history |
−1.32
|
0.75
|
121.38
|
−1.75
|
.08
|
−2.81
|
0.17
|
The effects of time, gender, and family cancer history on self-efficacy
Parameter | Estimate |
SE
| df |
t
|
p
| 95% Confidence Intervals | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Lower Bound | Upper Bound | ||||||
Results for self-efficacy for managing illness: analysis with main effects only (no interaction terms) | |||||||
Intercept |
3.89
|
0.05
|
196.43
|
84.88
|
<.01
|
3.80
|
3.98
|
Age (covariate) | <−0.01 | <0.01 | 108.64 | −1.33 | .19 | −0.01 | <0.01 |
Surgery type (covariate) | 0.11 | 0.08 | 109.36 | 1.47 | .14 | −0.04 | 0.27 |
Family cancer history |
−0.07
|
0.03
|
108.91
|
−2.11
|
.04
|
−0.13
|
<0.01
|
Gender |
0.15
|
0.03
|
108.91
|
4.61
|
<.01
|
0.09
|
0.22
|
Time |
0.41
|
0.03
|
284.28
|
14.41
|
<.01
|
0.35
|
0.47
|
Results for self-efficacy for managing illness: analysis with interaction terms | |||||||
Intercept |
3.91
|
0.05
|
469.47
|
86.70
|
<.01
|
3.82
|
3.99
|
Age (covariate) | <−0.01 | <0.01 | 689.34 | −1.37 | .17 | −0.01 | <0.01 |
Surgery type (covariate) | 0.10 | 0.08 | 686.15 | 1.26 | .21 | −0.06 | 0.26 |
Family cancer history |
−0.08
|
0.04
|
442.34
|
−2.03
|
.04
|
−0.17
|
<0.01
|
Gender |
0.21
|
0.04
|
444.84
|
4.92
|
<.01
|
0.12
|
0.29
|
Gender * Family cancer history | −0.04 | 0.04 | 445.44 | −0.85 | .40 | −0.12 | 0.05 |
Time |
0.42
|
0.03
|
259.45
|
15.87
|
<.01
|
0.36
|
0.47
|
Time * Family cancer history | 0.02 | 0.03 | 259.45 | 0.70 | .49 | −0.03 | 0.07 |
Time * Gender |
−0.06
|
0.03
|
259.45
|
−2.15
|
.03
|
−0.11
|
<−0.01
|
Time * Gender* Family cancer history |
0.06
|
0.03
|
259.45
|
2.29
|
.02
|
0.01
|
0.11
|