Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 9/2006

01.09.2006 | Original Paper

A clinical prognostic prediction of lymph node-negative breast cancer by gene expression profiles

verfasst von: Dingfeng Jiang, Naiqing Zhao

Erschienen in: Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology | Ausgabe 9/2006

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

To set up a method by use of gene expression data to predict the prognosis of breast cancer patients on the basis of genes as few as possible, but maintaining the accuracy of prediction, we reanalyze the data from van’t Veer et al. (Nature 415:530–536, 2002) and van de Vijver et al. (N Engl J Med 347:1999–2009, 2002).

Methods

A three-step method based on re-sampling strategy is employed to select the prognostic genes. And based on these genes, a predictive approach is established. Validation sets are used to testify the predictive power of the prognostic genes.

Results

We have discovered 13 genes as the most informative ones to predict the clinical outcomes of breast cancer patients with lymph node-negative. The validation results show the robust performances of these genes. And the results of further analysis illustrate the significant association of the prediction to the time of metastases and overall survival.

Conclusion

Our predictive approach is useful in prognosis prediction for breast cancer patients with lymph node-negative. The gene markers provide valuable information for the progression of breast cancer and suggest potential target genes for treating the cancer.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Becker M, Sommer A, Kratzschmar JR, Seidel H, Pohlenz HD, Fichtner I (2005) Distinct gene expression patterns in a tamoxifen-sensitive human mammary carcinoma xenograft and its tamoxifen-resistant subline MaCa 3366/TAM. Mol Cancer Ther 4:151–168PubMed Becker M, Sommer A, Kratzschmar JR, Seidel H, Pohlenz HD, Fichtner I (2005) Distinct gene expression patterns in a tamoxifen-sensitive human mammary carcinoma xenograft and its tamoxifen-resistant subline MaCa 3366/TAM. Mol Cancer Ther 4:151–168PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Bhattacharjee A, Richards WG, Staunton J, Li C, Monti S, Vasa P, Ladd C, Beheshti J, Bueno R, Gillette M, Loda M, Weber G, Mark EJ, Lander ES, Wong W, Johnson BE, Golub TR, Sugarbaker DJ, Meyerson M (2001) Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13790–13795PubMedCrossRef Bhattacharjee A, Richards WG, Staunton J, Li C, Monti S, Vasa P, Ladd C, Beheshti J, Bueno R, Gillette M, Loda M, Weber G, Mark EJ, Lander ES, Wong W, Johnson BE, Golub TR, Sugarbaker DJ, Meyerson M (2001) Classification of human lung carcinomas by mRNA expression profiling reveals distinct adenocarcinoma subclasses. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:13790–13795PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Butt AJ, Dickson KA, McDougall F, Baxter RC (2003) Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 278:29676–29685PubMedCrossRef Butt AJ, Dickson KA, McDougall F, Baxter RC (2003) Insulin-like growth factor-binding protein-5 inhibits the growth of human breast cancer cells in vitro and in vivo. J Biol Chem 278:29676–29685PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Cromer A, Carles A, Millon R, Ganguli G, Chalmel F, Lemaire F, Young J, Dembele D, Thibault C, Muller D, Poch O, Abecassis J, Wasylyk B (2004) Identification of genes associated with tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of hypopharyngeal cancer by microarray analysis. Oncogene 23:2484–2498PubMedCrossRef Cromer A, Carles A, Millon R, Ganguli G, Chalmel F, Lemaire F, Young J, Dembele D, Thibault C, Muller D, Poch O, Abecassis J, Wasylyk B (2004) Identification of genes associated with tumorigenesis and metastatic potential of hypopharyngeal cancer by microarray analysis. Oncogene 23:2484–2498PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Carr JA, Havstad S, Zarbo RJ, Divine G, Mackowiak P, Velanovich V (2000) The association of HER-2/neu amplification with breast cancer recurrence. Arch Surg 135:1469–1474PubMedCrossRef Carr JA, Havstad S, Zarbo RJ, Divine G, Mackowiak P, Velanovich V (2000) The association of HER-2/neu amplification with breast cancer recurrence. Arch Surg 135:1469–1474PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Egawa C, Miyoshi Y, Taguchi T, Tamaki Y, Noguchi S (2002) High BRCA2 mRNA expression predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 98:879–882PubMedCrossRef Egawa C, Miyoshi Y, Taguchi T, Tamaki Y, Noguchi S (2002) High BRCA2 mRNA expression predicts poor prognosis in breast cancer patients. Int J Cancer 98:879–882PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Fogli A, Rodriguez D, Eymard-Pierre E, Bouhour F, Labauge P, Meaney BF, Zeesman S, Kaneski CR, Schiffmann R, Boespflug-Tanguy O (2003) Ovarian failure related to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B mutations. Am J Hum Genet 72:1544–1550PubMedCrossRef Fogli A, Rodriguez D, Eymard-Pierre E, Bouhour F, Labauge P, Meaney BF, Zeesman S, Kaneski CR, Schiffmann R, Boespflug-Tanguy O (2003) Ovarian failure related to eukaryotic initiation factor 2B mutations. Am J Hum Genet 72:1544–1550PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Glanzer JG, Eberwine JH (2004) Expression profiling of small cellular samples in cancer: less is more. Br J Cancer 90:1111–1114PubMedCrossRef Glanzer JG, Eberwine JH (2004) Expression profiling of small cellular samples in cancer: less is more. Br J Cancer 90:1111–1114PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Golub TR, Slonim DK, Tamayo P, Huard C, Gaasenbeek M, Mesirov JP, Coller H, Loh ML, Downing JR, Caligiuri MA, Bloomfiel CD, Lander ES (1999) Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286:531–537PubMedCrossRef Golub TR, Slonim DK, Tamayo P, Huard C, Gaasenbeek M, Mesirov JP, Coller H, Loh ML, Downing JR, Caligiuri MA, Bloomfiel CD, Lander ES (1999) Molecular classification of cancer: class discovery and class prediction by gene expression monitoring. Science 286:531–537PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Gruvberger S, Ringnér M, Chen Y, Panavally S, Saal LH, Borg Å, Fernö M (2001) Estrogen receptor status in breast cancer is associated with remarkably distinct gene expression pattern. Cancer Res 61:5979–5984PubMed Gruvberger S, Ringnér M, Chen Y, Panavally S, Saal LH, Borg Å, Fernö M (2001) Estrogen receptor status in breast cancer is associated with remarkably distinct gene expression pattern. Cancer Res 61:5979–5984PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hao X, Sun B, Hu L, Lahdesmaki H, Dunmire V, Feng Y, Zhang SW, Wang H, Wu C, Wang H, Fuller GN, Symmans WF, Shmulevich I, Zhang W (2004) Differential gene and protein expression in primary breast malignancies and their lymph node metastases as revealed by combined cDNA microarray and tissue microarray analysis. Cancer 100:1110–1122PubMedCrossRef Hao X, Sun B, Hu L, Lahdesmaki H, Dunmire V, Feng Y, Zhang SW, Wang H, Wu C, Wang H, Fuller GN, Symmans WF, Shmulevich I, Zhang W (2004) Differential gene and protein expression in primary breast malignancies and their lymph node metastases as revealed by combined cDNA microarray and tissue microarray analysis. Cancer 100:1110–1122PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Huang E, Cheng SH, Dressman H, Pittman J, Tsou MH, Horng CF, Bild A, Iversen ES, Liao M, Chen CM, West M, Nevins JR, Huang AT (2003) Gene expression predictors of breast cancer outcomes. Lancet 361:1590–1596PubMedCrossRef Huang E, Cheng SH, Dressman H, Pittman J, Tsou MH, Horng CF, Bild A, Iversen ES, Liao M, Chen CM, West M, Nevins JR, Huang AT (2003) Gene expression predictors of breast cancer outcomes. Lancet 361:1590–1596PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Lakhani SR, Ashworth A (2001) Microarray and histopathological analysis of tumours: the future and the past? Nat Rev Cancer 1:151–157PubMedCrossRef Lakhani SR, Ashworth A (2001) Microarray and histopathological analysis of tumours: the future and the past? Nat Rev Cancer 1:151–157PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Leegwater PA, Pronk JC, van der Knaap MS (2003) Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter: from magnetic resonance imaging pattern to five genes. J Child Neurol 18:639–645PubMedCrossRef Leegwater PA, Pronk JC, van der Knaap MS (2003) Leukoencephalopathy with vanishing white matter: from magnetic resonance imaging pattern to five genes. J Child Neurol 18:639–645PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Ma XJ, Salunga R, Tuggle JT, Gaudet J, Enright E, McQuary P, Payette T, Pistone M, Stecker K, Zhang BM, Zhou YX, Varnholt H, Smith B, Gadd M, Chatfield E, Kessler J, Baer TM, Erlander MG, Sgroi DC (2003) Gene expression profiles of human breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:5974–5979PubMedCrossRef Ma XJ, Salunga R, Tuggle JT, Gaudet J, Enright E, McQuary P, Payette T, Pistone M, Stecker K, Zhang BM, Zhou YX, Varnholt H, Smith B, Gadd M, Chatfield E, Kessler J, Baer TM, Erlander MG, Sgroi DC (2003) Gene expression profiles of human breast cancer progression. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 100:5974–5979PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat McCaig C, Perks CM, Holly JM (2002) Intrinsic actions of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 on Hs578T breast cancer epithelial cells: inhibition or accentuation of attachment and survival is dependent upon the presence of fibronectin. J Cell Sci 115:4293–4303PubMedCrossRef McCaig C, Perks CM, Holly JM (2002) Intrinsic actions of IGFBP-3 and IGFBP-5 on Hs578T breast cancer epithelial cells: inhibition or accentuation of attachment and survival is dependent upon the presence of fibronectin. J Cell Sci 115:4293–4303PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Nagahata T, Onda M, Emi M, Nagai H, Tsumagar K, Fujimoto T, Hirano A, Sato T, Nishikawa K, Akiyama F, Sakamoto G, Kasumi F, Miki Y, Tanaka T, Tsunoda T (2004) Expression profiling to predict postoperative prognosis for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers by analysis of 25,344 genes on a cDNA microarray. Cancer Sci 95:218–225PubMedCrossRef Nagahata T, Onda M, Emi M, Nagai H, Tsumagar K, Fujimoto T, Hirano A, Sato T, Nishikawa K, Akiyama F, Sakamoto G, Kasumi F, Miki Y, Tanaka T, Tsunoda T (2004) Expression profiling to predict postoperative prognosis for estrogen receptor-negative breast cancers by analysis of 25,344 genes on a cDNA microarray. Cancer Sci 95:218–225PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Olofsson A, Willén H, Göransson M, Engström K, Meis-Kindblom JM, Stenman G, Kindblom LG, Åman P (2004) Abnormal expression of cell cycle regulators in FUS-CHOP carrying liposarcomas. Int J Oncol 25:1349–1355PubMed Olofsson A, Willén H, Göransson M, Engström K, Meis-Kindblom JM, Stenman G, Kindblom LG, Åman P (2004) Abnormal expression of cell cycle regulators in FUS-CHOP carrying liposarcomas. Int J Oncol 25:1349–1355PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Onda M, Emi M, Nagai H, Nagahata T, Tsumagari K, Fujimoto T, Akiyama F, Sakamoto G, Makita M, Kasumi F, Miki Y, Tanaka T, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y (2004) Gene expression patterns as marker for 5-year postoperative prognosis of primary breast cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 130:537–545PubMedCrossRef Onda M, Emi M, Nagai H, Nagahata T, Tsumagari K, Fujimoto T, Akiyama F, Sakamoto G, Makita M, Kasumi F, Miki Y, Tanaka T, Tsunoda T, Nakamura Y (2004) Gene expression patterns as marker for 5-year postoperative prognosis of primary breast cancers. J Cancer Res Clin Oncol 130:537–545PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Perou CM, Jeffrey SS, van de Rijn M, Rees CA, Eisen MB, Ross DT, Pergamenschikov A, Williams CF, Zhu SX, Lee JCF, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Brown PO, Botstein D (1999) Distinctive gene expression patterns in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:9212–9217PubMedCrossRef Perou CM, Jeffrey SS, van de Rijn M, Rees CA, Eisen MB, Ross DT, Pergamenschikov A, Williams CF, Zhu SX, Lee JCF, Lashkari D, Shalon D, Brown PO, Botstein D (1999) Distinctive gene expression patterns in human mammary epithelial cells and breast cancers. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 96:9212–9217PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Richardson JP, Mohammad SS, Pavitt GD (2004) Mutations causing childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination reduce eukaryotic initiation factor 2B complex formation and activity. Mol Cell Biol 24:2352–2363PubMedCrossRef Richardson JP, Mohammad SS, Pavitt GD (2004) Mutations causing childhood ataxia with central nervous system hypomyelination reduce eukaryotic initiation factor 2B complex formation and activity. Mol Cell Biol 24:2352–2363PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Singh D, Febbo PG, Ross K, Jackson DG, Manola J, Ladd C, Tamayo P, Renshaw AA, D’Amicl AV, Riche JP, Lander ES, Loda M, Kantoff PW, Golub TR, Sellers WR (2002) Gene expression correlates of clinical prostate cancer behavior. Cancer Cell 1:203–209PubMedCrossRef Singh D, Febbo PG, Ross K, Jackson DG, Manola J, Ladd C, Tamayo P, Renshaw AA, D’Amicl AV, Riche JP, Lander ES, Loda M, Kantoff PW, Golub TR, Sellers WR (2002) Gene expression correlates of clinical prostate cancer behavior. Cancer Cell 1:203–209PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sørlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Thorsen T, Quist H, Matese JC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Lønning PE, Børresen-Dale AL (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10869–10874PubMedCrossRef Sørlie T, Perou CM, Tibshirani R, Aas T, Geisler S, Johnsen H, Hastie T, Eisen MB, van de Rijn M, Jeffrey SS, Thorsen T, Quist H, Matese JC, Brown PO, Botstein D, Lønning PE, Børresen-Dale AL (2001) Gene expression patterns of breast carcinomas distinguish tumor subclasses with clinical implication. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:10869–10874PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sørlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, Hastie T, Marron JS, Nobel A, Deng S, Johnsen H, Pesich R, Geisler S, Demeter J, Perou CM, Lønning PE, Brown PO, Børresen-Dale AL, Botstein D (2003) Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 600:8418–8423CrossRef Sørlie T, Tibshirani R, Parker J, Hastie T, Marron JS, Nobel A, Deng S, Johnsen H, Pesich R, Geisler S, Demeter J, Perou CM, Lønning PE, Brown PO, Børresen-Dale AL, Botstein D (2003) Repeated observation of breast tumor subtypes in independent gene expression data sets. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 600:8418–8423CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Sotiriou C, Neo SY, McShane LM, Korn EL, Long PM, Jazaeri A, Martiat P, Fox SB, Harris AL, Liu ET (2003) Breast cancer classification and prognosis based on gene expression profiles from a population-based study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 600:10393–10398CrossRef Sotiriou C, Neo SY, McShane LM, Korn EL, Long PM, Jazaeri A, Martiat P, Fox SB, Harris AL, Liu ET (2003) Breast cancer classification and prognosis based on gene expression profiles from a population-based study. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 600:10393–10398CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Subrahmanyam YVBK, Yamaga S, Prashar Y, Lee HH, Hoe NP, Kluger Y, Gerstein M, Goguen JD, Newburger PE, Weissman SM (2001) RNA expression patterns change dramatically in human neutrophils exposed to bacteria. Blood 97:2457–2468PubMedCrossRef Subrahmanyam YVBK, Yamaga S, Prashar Y, Lee HH, Hoe NP, Kluger Y, Gerstein M, Goguen JD, Newburger PE, Weissman SM (2001) RNA expression patterns change dramatically in human neutrophils exposed to bacteria. Blood 97:2457–2468PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Swami S, Raghavachari N, Muller UR, Bao YP, Feldman D (2003) Vitamin D growth inhibition of breast cancer cells: gene expression patterns assessed by cDNA microarray. Breast Cancer Res Treat 80:49–62PubMedCrossRef Swami S, Raghavachari N, Muller UR, Bao YP, Feldman D (2003) Vitamin D growth inhibition of breast cancer cells: gene expression patterns assessed by cDNA microarray. Breast Cancer Res Treat 80:49–62PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat van de Vijver MJ, He YD, van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, Hart AAM, Voskuil DW, Schreiber GJ, Peterse JL, Roberts C, Marton MJ, Parrish M, Atsma D, Witteveen A, Glas A, Delahaye L, van Der Velde T, Bartelink H, Rodenhuis S, Rutgers ET, Friend SH, Bernards R (2002) A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347:1999–2009PubMedCrossRef van de Vijver MJ, He YD, van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, Hart AAM, Voskuil DW, Schreiber GJ, Peterse JL, Roberts C, Marton MJ, Parrish M, Atsma D, Witteveen A, Glas A, Delahaye L, van Der Velde T, Bartelink H, Rodenhuis S, Rutgers ET, Friend SH, Bernards R (2002) A gene-expression signature as a predictor of survival in breast cancer. N Engl J Med 347:1999–2009PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver M, He YD, Har AAM, Mao M, Peterse HL, van der Kooy K, Marton MJ, Witteveen AT, Schreiber GJ, Kerkhoven RM, Roberts C, Linsley PS, Bernards R, Friend SH (2002) Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415:530–536CrossRef van’t Veer LJ, Dai H, van de Vijver M, He YD, Har AAM, Mao M, Peterse HL, van der Kooy K, Marton MJ, Witteveen AT, Schreiber GJ, Kerkhoven RM, Roberts C, Linsley PS, Bernards R, Friend SH (2002) Gene expression profiling predicts clinical outcome of breast cancer. Nature 415:530–536CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Virtanen C, Ishikawa Y, Honjoh D, Kimura M, Shimane M, Miyoshi T, Nomura H, Jones MH (2002) Integrated classification of lung tumors and cell lines by expression profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:12357–12362PubMedCrossRef Virtanen C, Ishikawa Y, Honjoh D, Kimura M, Shimane M, Miyoshi T, Nomura H, Jones MH (2002) Integrated classification of lung tumors and cell lines by expression profiling. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 99:12357–12362PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Wang E, Miller LD, Ohnmacht GA, Mocellin S, Perez-Diez A, Petersen D, Zhao Y, Simon R, Powell JI, Asaki E, Alexander HR, Duray PH, Herlyn M, Restifo NP, Liu ET, Rosenberg SA, Marincola FM (2002) Prospective molecular profiling of melanoma metastases suggests classifiers of immune responsiveness. Cancer Res 62:3581–3586PubMed Wang E, Miller LD, Ohnmacht GA, Mocellin S, Perez-Diez A, Petersen D, Zhao Y, Simon R, Powell JI, Asaki E, Alexander HR, Duray PH, Herlyn M, Restifo NP, Liu ET, Rosenberg SA, Marincola FM (2002) Prospective molecular profiling of melanoma metastases suggests classifiers of immune responsiveness. Cancer Res 62:3581–3586PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wang Y, Klijin JGM, Zhang Y, Sieuwerts AM, Look MP, Yang F, Talantov D, Timmermans M, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Yu J, Jatkoe T, Berns EMJJ, Atkins D, Foekens JA (2005) Gene-expression profiles to predict distant metastasis of lymph-node-negative primary breast cancer. Lancet 365:671–679PubMed Wang Y, Klijin JGM, Zhang Y, Sieuwerts AM, Look MP, Yang F, Talantov D, Timmermans M, Meijer-van Gelder ME, Yu J, Jatkoe T, Berns EMJJ, Atkins D, Foekens JA (2005) Gene-expression profiles to predict distant metastasis of lymph-node-negative primary breast cancer. Lancet 365:671–679PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat West M, Blanchette C, Dressman H, Huang E, Ishida S, Spang R, Zuzan H, Olson JA Jr, Marks JR, Nevin JR (2001) Predicting the clinical status of human breast cancer by using gene expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11462–11467PubMedCrossRef West M, Blanchette C, Dressman H, Huang E, Ishida S, Spang R, Zuzan H, Olson JA Jr, Marks JR, Nevin JR (2001) Predicting the clinical status of human breast cancer by using gene expression profiles. Proc Natl Acad Sci USA 98:11462–11467PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yeoh EJ, Ross ME, Shurtleff SA, Williams WK, Patel D, Mahfouz R, Behm FG, Raimondi SC, Relling MV, Patel A, Cheng C, Campana D, Wilkins D, Zhou X, Li J, Liu H, Pui CH, Evans WE, Naeve C, Wong L, Downing JR (2002) Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling. Cancer Cell 1:133–143PubMedCrossRef Yeoh EJ, Ross ME, Shurtleff SA, Williams WK, Patel D, Mahfouz R, Behm FG, Raimondi SC, Relling MV, Patel A, Cheng C, Campana D, Wilkins D, Zhou X, Li J, Liu H, Pui CH, Evans WE, Naeve C, Wong L, Downing JR (2002) Classification, subtype discovery, and prediction of outcome in pediatric acute lymphoblastic leukemia by gene expression profiling. Cancer Cell 1:133–143PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Yeung KY, Bumgarner RE, Raftery AE (2005) Bayesian model averaging: development of an improved multi-class, gene selection and classification tool for microarray data. Bioinformatics 21:2394–2402PubMedCrossRef Yeung KY, Bumgarner RE, Raftery AE (2005) Bayesian model averaging: development of an improved multi-class, gene selection and classification tool for microarray data. Bioinformatics 21:2394–2402PubMedCrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Zucman-Rossi J, Batzer MA, Stoneking M, Delattre O, Thomas G (1997) Interethnic polymorphism of EWS intron 6: genome plasticity mediated by Alu retroposition and recombination. Hum Genet 99:357–363PubMedCrossRef Zucman-Rossi J, Batzer MA, Stoneking M, Delattre O, Thomas G (1997) Interethnic polymorphism of EWS intron 6: genome plasticity mediated by Alu retroposition and recombination. Hum Genet 99:357–363PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
A clinical prognostic prediction of lymph node-negative breast cancer by gene expression profiles
verfasst von
Dingfeng Jiang
Naiqing Zhao
Publikationsdatum
01.09.2006
Verlag
Springer-Verlag
Erschienen in
Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology / Ausgabe 9/2006
Print ISSN: 0171-5216
Elektronische ISSN: 1432-1335
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s00432-006-0108-6

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 9/2006

Journal of Cancer Research and Clinical Oncology 9/2006 Zur Ausgabe

Erhöhte Mortalität bei postpartalem Brustkrebs

07.05.2024 Mammakarzinom Nachrichten

Auch für Trägerinnen von BRCA-Varianten gilt: Erkranken sie fünf bis zehn Jahre nach der letzten Schwangerschaft an Brustkrebs, ist das Sterberisiko besonders hoch.

Hypertherme Chemotherapie bietet Chance auf Blasenerhalt

07.05.2024 Harnblasenkarzinom Nachrichten

Eine hypertherme intravesikale Chemotherapie mit Mitomycin kann für Patienten mit hochriskantem nicht muskelinvasivem Blasenkrebs eine Alternative zur radikalen Zystektomie darstellen. Kölner Urologen berichten über ihre Erfahrungen.

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Medizinstudium Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Bessere Prognose mit links- statt rechtsseitigem Kolon-Ca.

06.05.2024 Kolonkarzinom Nachrichten

Menschen mit linksseitigem Kolonkarzinom leben im Mittel zweieinhalb Jahre länger als solche mit rechtsseitigem Tumor. Auch aktuell ist das Sterberisiko bei linksseitigen Tumoren US-Daten zufolge etwa um 11% geringer als bei rechtsseitigen.

Update Onkologie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.