Background
Methods
Study design
Data sources, exposures and covariates
Outcome
Data analysis
Results
Variability of access and NAS
Opioid Use | Median (IQR) |
---|---|
Illicit drug dependence or abuse per 1000 population | 22 (20–25) |
Opioid prescribing rates per 1000 population | 774 (712–948) |
Access | |
Number of buprenorphine -waivered physicians per 100,000 population | 8 (5–14) |
Number of individuals in outpatient treatment programs per 100,000 population | 80 (46–114) |
Unmet need (needing but not receiving treatment for illicit drug use) per 1000 population | 20 (18–21) |
Demographics | |
Proportion of state population with incomes below the federal poverty level | 13% (11–16%) |
Proportion of state population with rural domicile | 25% (11–34%) |
Proportion of state population that is Hispanic | 10% (5–17%) |
Proportion of state population that is African American | 6% (3–14%) |
Outcome | |
Number of NAS cases per 1000 hospital discharges under age 1 | 6 (4–10) |
Correlation (r; 95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|
Adult opioid use | ||
Proportion of individuals with illicit drug dependence or abuse | 0.36 (0.04–0.61) | 0.03 |
Rate of opioid prescribing | 0.36 (0.05–0.61) | 0.02 |
Access | ||
Number of buprenorphine-waivered physicians per 100,000 population | 0.71 (0.50–0.84) | < 0.001 |
Number of individuals in outpatient treatment programs per 100,000 population | 0.54 (0.26–0.73) | < 0.001 |
Demographics | ||
Proportion of state population with incomes below the federal poverty level | 0.13 (−0.20–0.43) | 0.44 |
Proportion of state population with rural domicile | 0.61 (0.35–0.77) | < 0.001 |
Proportion of state population that is Hispanic | − 0.38 (− 0.62 - -0.07) | 0.02 |
Proportion of state population that is African American | − 0.14 (− 0.44–0.19) | 0.41 |
Treatment access and NAS
Correlation (r; 95% CI) | p-value | |
---|---|---|
Above median number of buprenorphine waivered physicians per 100,000 population (n = 20)1 | ||
Proportion of individuals with illicit drug dependence or abuse | −0.04 (− 0.48–0.41) | 0.86 |
Rate of opioid prescribing | 0.48 (0.03–0.75) | 0.03 |
Below median number of buprenorphine waivered physicians per 100,000 population (n = 18)1 | ||
Proportion of individuals with illicit drug dependence or abuse | 0.73 (0.38–0.88) | < 0.001 |
Rate of opioid prescribing | 0.39 (−0.10–0.72) | 0.12 |
Above median number of clients in outpatient treatment program per 100,000 population (n = 20)1 | ||
Proportion of individuals with illicit drug dependence or abuse | 0.33 (−0.14–0.67) | 0.16 |
Rate of opioid prescribing | 0.27 (−0.21–0.63) | 0.26 |
Below median number of clients in outpatient treatment program per 100,000 population (n = 18)1 | ||
Proportion of individuals with illicit drug dependence or abuse | 0.59 (0.15–0.82) | 0.01 |
Rate of opioid prescribing | 0.38 (−0.11–0.72) | 0.12 |