Background
Methods
Data extraction
Outcomes
Data synthesis and risk of bias assessment
Results
Study selection
Study population
Treatment
Authors | No of P. ovale cases | Age (years) | Sex | Patients’ status | Origin of infection |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siswantoro et al. [18] | 11 | 28 (median) | 8 M, 3 F | R | Indonesia |
Same-Ekobo et al. [19] | 30 | – | – | R | Cameroon |
Ringwald et al. [20] | 8 | 17 (median) | – | R | Cameroon |
2 | 8 (median) | – | R | Cameroon | |
Radloff et al. [21] | 3 | >10 years | – | R | Gabon |
Danis et al. [23] | 4 | 19–32 | – | T | Sub-Saharan Africa |
Authors | Diagnostics | Parasitaemia | Drug | Dosing (total) | Period | Adverse events | Mean FCT (h) | Mean PCT (h) | Cure | Last day of observation |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Siswantoro et al. | MIC + PCR | 645 p/µl | Chloroquine | 25 mg/kg (+150 mg base) | Over 3 days | – | 24 | 48 | Y~ | 28 |
Same-Ekobo et al. | MIC | 534,642 p/µl (total) | Artesunate | 600 mg | Over 5 days | Vertigo, non-severe transient decrease of reticulocytes in 1 participant | 36.6 | 38.8 | Y | 14 |
Ringwald et al. | MIC | 2250–40,680 p/µl | Pyronaridine | 32 mg/kg | Over 3 days | Mild gastrointestinal disturbances, pruritus | 45 | 57 | Y | 14 |
MIC | 6656–13,680 p/µl | Chloroquine | 25 mg/kg | Over 3 days | – | 24 | 60 | Y | 14 | |
Radloff et al. | MIC | 700–5000 p/µl | Atovaquone/proguanil | 3000 mg/1200 mg | Over 3 days | – | – | 72–168 | Y | 28 |
Danis et al. | – | – | Mefloquine | 0.5–1.25 mg | Once and twice | – | – | 72–120 | Y | – |
Description of complicated and severe P. ovale malaria
Authors, year of publication | Age | Sex | Patient status | Travel history | Chemoprophylaxis |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomar et al. [61], 2015 | 75 | M | R | None, resident of India | NA |
Lemmerer et al. [62], 2015 | 29 | M | W | Democratic Republic of Congo | – |
Strydom et al. [36], 2014 | 42 | M | W | Guinea, Mozambique | None |
Rojo-Marcos et al. [24], 2014 | 17 | F | – | – | – |
31 | M | – | – | – | |
Lau et al. [8], 2013 | 59 | M | T | Nigeria | Mefloquine |
Hachimi et al. [42], 2013 | 31 | M | – | Democratic Republic of Congo | – |
Lahlou et al. [41], 2012 | 28 | M | W | Democratic Republic of Congo | – |
Roze et al. [63], 2011 | 24 | M | W | Chad, Ivory Coast | Doxycycline |
Coton et al. [64], 2011 | 33 | M | W | Djibouti | – |
Haydoura et al. [65], 2010 | 46 | F | B | NA | NA |
Cinquetti [66], 2010 | 34 | M | W | Ivory Coast, Senegal | Doxycycline |
Rojo-Marcos et al. [25], 2008 | 43 | M | V | Nigeria | None |
Rubinstein et al. [67], 2005 | 23 | M | – | Nigeria | – |
Filler et al. [68], 2003 | 39 | F | T | Cameroon, Botswana, Zimbabwe, South Africa | Yes, drug unknown |
Lee et al. [69], 1999 | 31 | F | T | Ghana | Mefloquine |
Patel [70], 1993 | 42 | M | T | Central and southern Africa | NA |
Facer et al. [9], 1991 | 51 | F | T | Ghana | None |
Monlun, et al. [71], 1989 | 38 | M | T | Niger | Chloroquine |
Bock [72], 1939 | 23 | – | W | Western Africa, Cameroon | Chinoplasmine |
20 | – | W | Western Africa, Cameroon | Quinine (irregular) | |
Fairley [73], 1933 | 28 | M | T | Nigeria, Ghana, Gambia, Sierra Leone | Quinine |
Authors | Diagnostics | Parasitaemia | Body temperature (°C) | Features of severity | Treatment | Concomitant medication | Outcome | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tomar et al. [61] | MIC + PCR | – | 39 | Bilirubin >50 µm/l, creatinine >265 µm/l, systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg, hemoglobinuria | Artesunate iv | Ceftriaxone iv, antipyretics | Survival without sequelae | |
Lemmerer et al. [62] | MIC | – | 40.5 | Splenic rupture | Chloroquine, 2325 mg po over 2 days | – | Survival with sequelae | |
Strydom et al. [36] | MIC + PCR | 1.4% | 39.5 | Bilirubin >50 µm/l, systolic blood pressure <80 mmHg | Quinine, 600 mg iv eight hourly and doxycycline 100 mg twelve hourly | Ceftriaxone | Survival without sequelae | |
Rojo-Marcos et al. [24] | MIC + PCR (microscopy neg, PCR positive) | Nega
| – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dla
| – | – | Survival without sequelaea
| |
MIC + PCR (microscopy neg, PCR positive) | Nega
| – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dla
| – | – | Survival without sequelaea
| ||
Lau et al. [8] | MIC + PCR | 0.18% | 40.8 | Creatinine >265 µm/l, acidosis, ARDS | Chloroquine 150 mg base for 2 days, quinine for 1 day and artesunate for 7 days | Ceftriaxone, piperacillin/tazobactam, vancomycin, imipenem, meropenem | Death | The first antibiotic was started on day 4 despite negative blood cultures; Enterobacter cloacae was found on day 15 (nosocomial sepsis); seizures were described on day 17; atrial fibrillation on day 22; asystole on day 32 |
Hachimi et al. [42] | MIC | <0.2% | 39 | ARDS | Quinine | – | Death | History of tuberculosis 11 years ago |
Lahlou et al. [41] | MIC | 0.2% | – | ARDS | Quinine | Ciprofloxacin | Death | History of treated pulmonary tuberculosis 10 years ago |
Roze et al. [63] | MIC | 0.2% | – | ARDS | Chloroquine and quinine | – | Survival without sequelae | History of tuberous sclerosis and spontaneous pneumothorax |
Coton et al. [64] | MIC | – | 40 | Acute pericarditis | Chloroquine 30 mg/kg over 6 days | Ketoprophen, omeprazol, aspirin | Survival without sequelae | |
Haydoura et al. [65] | MIC | 1.1% | 40 | Oxygen saturation <92%, ARDS | Quinine iv for 7 days and doxycycline po for 7 days | Warfarin | Survival without sequelae | History of MTHFR, secondary portal vein thrombosis and severe lower gastrointestinal bleeding from hemorrhoids requiring 7 units of red blood cells |
Cinquetti [66] | MIC + PCR | 0.001% | 39.5 | Splenic infarction | Quinine 8 mg/kg iv three times daily | – | Survival with sequelae | |
Rojo-Marcos et al. [25] | MIC + PCR | 6000 trophozoites + gametocytes/µl | 40.5 | ARDS | Chloroquine for 3 days | – | Survival without sequelae | History of diabetes mellitus and hypertension; incomplete left bundle block in the predose ECG followed by left ventricular hypertrophy in the day 30 ECG; presence of Mansonella perstans; nosocomial Acinetobacter baumanii in broncho-alveolar aspirate |
Rubinstein et al. [67] | MIC | 0.2% | – | Bilirubin >50 µm/l | Quinine for 7 days and doxycycline for 7 days | – | Survival without sequelae | |
Filler et al. [68] | MIC | – | – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dl, splenic rupture, cardiac arrest | Quinine sulfate and doxycycline, followed by quinidine iv | – | Death | History notably of MS |
Lee et al. [69] | MIC | 0.1% | 39 | Oxygen saturation <92%, pulmonary edema | Chloroquine | – | Survival without sequelae | Negative blood cultures |
Patel [70] | MIC | – | – | Splenic rupture | Chloroquine | – | Survival with sequelae | |
Facer et al. [9] | MIC | 1.8% | NA | Splenic rupture | NA | NA | Death | Diagnosis post mortem; absence of P. falciparum confirmed with “DNA analysis” |
Monlun et al. [71] | MIC | – | 41 | Cardiomyopathy | Chloroquine 500 mg/day for 5 days | – | Survival without sequelae | Cardiomyopathy resolved without additional specific treatment |
Bock [72] | MIC | – | – | Hemoglobin <7 g/dl | Mepacrine | – | Survival without sequelae | Case 2 |
MIC | – | 40 | Cardiac arrhythmia | Mepacrine | – | Survival without sequelae | Case 15 | |
Fairley [73] | MIC | – | 38.3 | Hemoglobinuria | Mepacrine 0.1 g three times daily for 6 days and quinine bihydrochloride 7.5 g/day iv for 5 days | Saline | Survival without sequelae |
Congenital malaria
Authors, year of publication | Sex | Birth weight (kg) | Previous residence of mother | Country of birth | Diagnostics | Parasitaemia | Body temperature (°C) | Hemoglobin level (g/dl) | Treatment | Outcome | Concomitant medication | Comment |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Penazzato et al. [26], 2007 | – | 3.13 | Nigeria | Italy | MIC + PCR | 0.01% | – | 5.4 | Quinine sulphate 20 mg/kg/d for 5 days | Recovered without sequelae | Zidovudine | Mother HIV positive, no materno-foetal transmission of HIV |
Jenkins et al. [27], 1957 | M | 4 | East Africa | England | MIC | – | 40 | 6.8 | Proguanil 0.25 g daily for 5 days followed by: chloroquine sulphate ¼ tablet twice daily for 2 days, then ¼ tablet daily for 2 days, then ¼ tablet weekly for 3 weeks | Recovered without sequelae | Penicillin, potassium permanganate baths, local aqueous gentian violet 0.66% | Pubic rash after day 3 |
Erythromycin | Given on suspicion with proguanil | |||||||||||
Ferrous sulphate |
Relapse
Authors, year of publication | Patient’s status | Age (years) | Sex | Probable origin of infection | Chemoprophylaxis | Parasitaemia (parasites/µl) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bottieau [28], 2005 | T | 17 | M | Ghana | Mefloquine | – |
T | 22 | M | Nigeria | Mefloquine | – | |
T | 14 | M | Uganda | None | – | |
Collins et al. [29], 2002 | I | – | – | NA | NA | 3780 |
I | – | – | NA | NA | 2220 | |
I | – | – | NA | NA | 8560 | |
I | – | – | NA | NA | 9810 | |
I | – | – | NA | NA | 5376 | |
Nathwani et al. [30], 1991 | T | 24 | M | Papua New Guinea | Chloroquine, pyrimethamine | – |
Chin et al. [31], 1971 | E | – | M | NA | NA | – |
E | – | M | NA | NA | – | |
E | – | M | NA | NA | – | |
E | – | M | NA | NA | – | |
E | – | M | NA | NA | – | |
Garnham et al. [32], 1955 | I | – | – | NA | NA | – |
I | – | – | NA | NA | – | |
Jeffery [33], 1954 | I | – | – | NA | NA | – |
I | – | – | NA | NA | – |
Authors | Diagnostic method primary infection | Treatment primary infection | Dosage primary infection | PQ therapy primary infection? | Time between primary infection and 1st relapse (weeks) | Diagnostic method 1st relapse | Treatment 1st relapse | PQ therapy 1st relapse? | Time between 1st and 2nd relapse (weeks) | Diagnostic method 2nd relapse | Treatment 2nd relapse | PQ therapy 2nd relapse? | Time between 2nd and 3rd relapse (weeks) | Treatment 3rd relapse |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Bottieau [28] | MIC | Quinine | 1.5 g/day for 5 days | Y, “standard regimen” (presumably 15 mg/day for 14 days) | 7 | MIC | Chloroquine 1.5 g over 3 days | Y, 7 mg/kg over 3 weeks | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Doxycycline | 100 mg/day for 7 days | |||||||||||||
– | Quinine–doxycycline | – | Y, “standard regimen” | 2 | – | Chloroquine, dosage unknown | Y, 10 mg/kg over 4 weeks | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
– | Chloroquine | – | N | 60 | – | Atovaquone–proguanil, dosage unknown | Y, 5 mg/kg over 6 weeks | 78 | MIC | Atovaquone–proguanil, then chloroquine | Y, 8 mg/kg over 3 weeks | NA | NA | |
Collins et al. [29] | MIC | Chloroquine | 1.5 g over 3 days | N | 22 | MIC | Chloroquine, dosage unknown | N | 17 | MIC | Chloroquine, dosage unknown | – | NA | NA |
MIC | Chloroquine | 1.5 g over 3 days | N | 10 | MIC | – | – | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
MIC | Chloroquine | 1.5 g over 3 days | N | 15 | MIC | – | – | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
MIC | Chloroquine | 1.5 g over 3 days | N | 24 | MIC | – | – | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
MIC | Chloroquine | 1.5 g over 3 days | N | 20 | MIC | – | – | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
Nathwani et al. [30] | MIC | Chloroquine | 15 mg/day for 14 days | Y, 15 mg/day for 14 days | 17 | MIC | Chloroquine 1.5 g over 3 days | Y, 30 mg/day for 21 days | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |
Chin et al. [31] | MIC | Quinine sulphate | 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | – | MIC | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | 5 | MIC | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | – | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days |
MIC | Quinine sulphate | 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | 2 | MIC | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | 20 | MIC | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | NA | NA | |
MIC | Quinine sulphate | 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | 36 | MIC | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | NA | |
MIC | Quinine sulphate | 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | – | MIC | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | – | MIC | Quinine sulphate 650 mg 8-hourly for 5 days | N | NA | NA | |
MIC | Chloroquine | 600 mg single dose | N | – | MIC | Chloroquine 600 mg single dose | N | – | MIC | Chloroquine 600 mg single dose | Y, 15 mg/day for 14 days | NA | NA | |
Garnham et al. [32] | MIC | Chloroquine | – | N | 15 | MIC | No treatment | N | 10 | MIC | No treatment | N | NA | NA |
MIC | Chloroquine | – | N | 14 | MIC | No treatment | N | 14 | MIC | No treatment | N | NA | NA | |
Jeffery [33] | MIC | Chloroquine | – | N | 21 | MIC | Chloroquine, dosage unknown | N | 22a
| MIC | – | – | NA | NA |
MIC | chloroquine | – | N | 34 | MIC | chloroquine, dosage unknown | Y, dosage unknown | NAa
| NA | NA | NA | NA | NA |