1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Patient selection
2.2 Ablation procedure
2.3 Patients’ follow-ups
2.4 Statistical analysis
2.5 Ethical clearance and data transparency
3 Results
3.1 Patient characteristics and PV anatomical features
Type of AF | Paroxysmal | Persistent | Total |
---|---|---|---|
(n = 88) | (n = 22) | (n = 110) | |
Age (y.o.) | 61 ± 14 | 65 ± 11 | 62 ± 13 |
Male | 64.8% (57/88) | 72.7% (16/22) | 66.4% (n = 73) |
AF < 1 year | 35.5% (27/76) | 22.2% (4/18) | 33.0% (31/94) |
AF > 1 year | 64.5% (49/76) | 77.8% (14/18) | 67.0% (63/94) |
Previous AF ablation | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) | 0 (0%) |
Past electrical cardioversion | 20.5% (18/88) | 40.9% (9/22) | 24.5% (27/110) |
Hypertension | 54.5% (48/88) | 40.9% (9/22) | 51.8% (57/110) |
Coronary artery diseases | 5.7% (5/88) | 0% (0/22) | 4.5% (5/110) |
Diabetes | 13.6% (12/88) | 0% (0/22) | 10.9% (12/110) |
Past heart failure | 2.3% (2/88) | 0% (0/22) | 1.8% (2/110) |
Past cardiac surgery | 0% (0/88) | 4.5% (1/22) | 0.9% (1/110) |
Stroke/TIA | 3.4% (3/88) | 4.5% (1/22) | 3.6% (4/110) |
Sleep apnea | 0% (0/88) | 4.5% (1/22) | 0.9% (1/110) |
AAD before X3 PVI | 62.5% (55/88) | 94.5% (21/22) | 69.1% (76/110) |
AAD at the last follow-up | 23.9% (21/88) | 27.3% (6/22) | 24.5% (27/110) |
3.2 Procedure details of PV isolation
Paroxysmal (n = 88) | Persistent (n = 22) | Total X3 population (n = 110) | |
---|---|---|---|
Procedure time (min) [1] | 76.2 ± 20.7 (88) | 80.2 ± 29.5 (22) | 77.0 ± 22.7 (110) |
Treatment left atrial time (min) [2] | 61.8 ± 20.5 (88) | 62.1 ± 28.0 (22) | 61.9 ± 22.0 (110) |
Treatment time (min) [3] | 54.4 ± 19.8 (88) | 52.7 ± 22.5 (22) | 54.0 ± 20.2 (110) |
Fluoroscopy time (min) | 3.7 ± 3.1 (88) | 3.6 ± 3.4 (22) | 3.7 ± 3.2 (110) |
No. PVs attempted per patient | 3.8 ± 0.5 (88) | 3.7 ± 0.6 (22) | 3.8 ± 0.5 (110) |
No. PVs isolated/attempted | 100.0% (335/335) | 100.0% (82/82) | 100.0% (417/417) |
No. mapping attempts per PV to achieve isolation | |||
1 | 91.6% (307/335) | 89.0% (73/82) | 91.1% (380/417) |
2 | 7.2% (24/335) | 11.0% (9/82) | 7.9% (33/417) |
≥ 3 | 1.2% (4/335) | 0.0% (0/82) | 1.0% (4/417) |
No. ablation catheters used | |||
1 | 90.9% (80/88) | 100.0% (22/22) | 92.7% (102/110) |
2 | 9.1% (8/88) | 0.0% (0/22) | 7.3% (8/110) |
Acute isolation rate [4] | 100.0% (87/87) | 100.0% (22/22) | 100.0% (109/109) |
First attempt at all veins isolated (FAAVI) [5] | 75.9% (66/87) | 68.2% (15/22) | 74.3% (81/109) |
Percent of the vein circumference treated in RAPID | |||
0% | 0.2% (1/419) | 0.0% (0/337) | 1.2% (1/82) |
1–25% | 1.4% (6/419) | 1.8% (6/337) | 0.0% (0/82) |
26–50% | 9.8% (41/419) | 9.2% (31/337) | 12.2% (10/82) |
51–75% | 21.0% (88/419) | 20.5% (69/337) | 23.2% (19/82) |
76–99% | 34.6% (145/419) | 34.4% (116/337) | 35.4% (29/82) |
100% | 32.9% (138/419) | 34.1% (115/337) | 28.0% (23/82) |
Total therapy time (min) [6] | 5.1 ± 2.3 (413) | 5.0 ± 2.0 (331) | 5.8 ± 3.3 (82) |