Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Sport Sciences for Health 4/2021

04.03.2021 | Original Article

Acute growth hormone response to concurrent strength–sprint training with different orders in strength-trained men

verfasst von: Davoud Bayat, Vahid Tadibi

Erschienen in: Sport Sciences for Health | Ausgabe 4/2021

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Purpose

The purpose of this study was to investigate the effect of the intra-session order of concurrent strength-sprint training on the acute growth hormone response.

Methods

Nine strength-trained students (age 24.1 ± 4.1) performed two different concurrent exercise orders: strength–sprint (STS) and sprint–strength (SPS). Strength training consisted of three sets of ten repetitions with 10RM for four exercises: bench press, lat pulldown, squat and shoulder press. Sprint exercise consisted of eight repetitions of 30-m maximal sprint running with 45-s rest periods between repetitions. In both exercise orders, the subjects rested for 10 min after the completion of the first part of the concurrent training session. Blood samples were collected before, between exercise modalities, and immediately after the concurrent training sessions.

Results

A significant increase in growth hormone levels occurred in response to single sessions of concurrent strength–sprint training, but no significant difference was observed between the two different orders of concurrent training (STS vs. SPS) regarding the acute growth hormone response.

Conclusions

In general, performing sprint training before or after strength training not only imposes no inhibitory effect on the growth hormone response to strength training, but also increases the hormone’s overall response.
Literatur
1.
Zurück zum Zitat Jenkins PJ (2001) Growth hormone and exercise: physiology, use and abuse. Growth Horm IGF Res 11(Suppl A):S71–S77PubMedCrossRef Jenkins PJ (2001) Growth hormone and exercise: physiology, use and abuse. Growth Horm IGF Res 11(Suppl A):S71–S77PubMedCrossRef
2.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartke A, Sun LY, Longo V (2013) Somatotropic signaling: trade-offs between growth, reproductive development, and longevity. Physiol Rev 93(2):571–598PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef Bartke A, Sun LY, Longo V (2013) Somatotropic signaling: trade-offs between growth, reproductive development, and longevity. Physiol Rev 93(2):571–598PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef
3.
Zurück zum Zitat Ranke M, Wit J (2018) Growth hormone—past, present and future. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14:285–300PubMedCrossRef Ranke M, Wit J (2018) Growth hormone—past, present and future. Nat Rev Endocrinol 14:285–300PubMedCrossRef
4.
Zurück zum Zitat Bartke A (2019) Growth Hormone and Aging: Updated Review. World J Men’s Health 37(1):19–30CrossRef Bartke A (2019) Growth Hormone and Aging: Updated Review. World J Men’s Health 37(1):19–30CrossRef
5.
Zurück zum Zitat Godfrey RJ, Madgwick Z, Whyte GP (2003) The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports Med 33(8):599–613PubMedCrossRef Godfrey RJ, Madgwick Z, Whyte GP (2003) The exercise-induced growth hormone response in athletes. Sports Med 33(8):599–613PubMedCrossRef
6.
Zurück zum Zitat Schoenfeld BJ (2013) Postexercise hypertrophic adaptations: a reexamination of the hormone hypothesis and its applicability to resistance training program design. J Strength Cond Res 27(6):1720–1730PubMedCrossRef Schoenfeld BJ (2013) Postexercise hypertrophic adaptations: a reexamination of the hormone hypothesis and its applicability to resistance training program design. J Strength Cond Res 27(6):1720–1730PubMedCrossRef
7.
Zurück zum Zitat Chikani V, Ho KK (2013) Action of GH on skeletal muscle function: molecular and metabolic mechanisms. J Mol Endocrinol 52(1):R107–R123PubMedCrossRef Chikani V, Ho KK (2013) Action of GH on skeletal muscle function: molecular and metabolic mechanisms. J Mol Endocrinol 52(1):R107–R123PubMedCrossRef
8.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer WJ, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Thomas GA, Clark JE, Nindl BC (2010) Growth hormone, exercise, and athletic performance: a continued evolution of complexity. Curr Sports Med Rep 9(4):242–252PubMedCrossRef Kraemer WJ, Dunn-Lewis C, Comstock BA, Thomas GA, Clark JE, Nindl BC (2010) Growth hormone, exercise, and athletic performance: a continued evolution of complexity. Curr Sports Med Rep 9(4):242–252PubMedCrossRef
9.
Zurück zum Zitat Stokes K (2003) Growth hormone responses to sub-maximal and sprint exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res 13(5):225–238PubMedCrossRef Stokes K (2003) Growth hormone responses to sub-maximal and sprint exercise. Growth Horm IGF Res 13(5):225–238PubMedCrossRef
10.
Zurück zum Zitat West DW, Phillips SM (2012) Associations of exercise-induced hormone profiles and gains in strength and hypertrophy in a large cohort after weight training. Eur J Appl Physiol 112(7):2693–2702PubMedCrossRef West DW, Phillips SM (2012) Associations of exercise-induced hormone profiles and gains in strength and hypertrophy in a large cohort after weight training. Eur J Appl Physiol 112(7):2693–2702PubMedCrossRef
11.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Hakkinen K (2005) Short vs. long rest period between the sets in hypertrophic resistance training: influence on muscle strength, size, and hormonal adaptations in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 19(3):572–582PubMed Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Hakkinen K (2005) Short vs. long rest period between the sets in hypertrophic resistance training: influence on muscle strength, size, and hormonal adaptations in trained men. J Strength Cond Res 19(3):572–582PubMed
12.
Zurück zum Zitat McCall GE, Byrnes WC, Fleck SJ, Dickinson A, Kraemer WJ (1999) Acute and chronic hormonal responses to resistance training designed to promote muscle hypertrophy. Can J Appl Physiol 24(1):96–107PubMedCrossRef McCall GE, Byrnes WC, Fleck SJ, Dickinson A, Kraemer WJ (1999) Acute and chronic hormonal responses to resistance training designed to promote muscle hypertrophy. Can J Appl Physiol 24(1):96–107PubMedCrossRef
13.
Zurück zum Zitat Rønnestad BR, Nygaard H, Raastad T (2011) Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation. Eur J Appl Physiol 111(9):2249–2259PubMedCrossRef Rønnestad BR, Nygaard H, Raastad T (2011) Physiological elevation of endogenous hormones results in superior strength training adaptation. Eur J Appl Physiol 111(9):2249–2259PubMedCrossRef
14.
Zurück zum Zitat Fink J, Schoenfeld BJ, Nakazato K (2018) The role of hormones in muscle hypertrophy. Phys Sports med 46(1):129–134CrossRef Fink J, Schoenfeld BJ, Nakazato K (2018) The role of hormones in muscle hypertrophy. Phys Sports med 46(1):129–134CrossRef
15.
Zurück zum Zitat Goto K, Ishii N, Kurokawa K, Takamatsu K (2007) Attenuated growth hormone response to resistance exercise with prior sprint exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(1):108–115PubMedCrossRef Goto K, Ishii N, Kurokawa K, Takamatsu K (2007) Attenuated growth hormone response to resistance exercise with prior sprint exercise. Med Sci Sports Exerc 39(1):108–115PubMedCrossRef
16.
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson JM, Marin PJ, Rhea MR, Wilson SM, Loenneke JP, Anderson JC (2012) Concurrent training: a meta-analysis examining interference of aerobic and resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 26(8):2293–2307CrossRef Wilson JM, Marin PJ, Rhea MR, Wilson SM, Loenneke JP, Anderson JC (2012) Concurrent training: a meta-analysis examining interference of aerobic and resistance exercises. J Strength Cond Res 26(8):2293–2307CrossRef
17.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Volek JS, Mazzetti SA, Gomez AL (2000) The effect of the Meridian shoe on vertical jump and sprint performance following short-term combined plyometric/sprint and resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 14(2):228–238 Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Volek JS, Mazzetti SA, Gomez AL (2000) The effect of the Meridian shoe on vertical jump and sprint performance following short-term combined plyometric/sprint and resistance training. J Strength Cond Res 14(2):228–238
18.
Zurück zum Zitat Ratamess NA, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, French DN, Rubin MR, Gomez AL et al (2007) The effects of ten weeks of resistance and combined plyometric/sprint training with the Meridian Elyte athletic shoe on muscular performance in women. J Strength Cond Res 21(3):882–887PubMed Ratamess NA, Kraemer WJ, Volek JS, French DN, Rubin MR, Gomez AL et al (2007) The effects of ten weeks of resistance and combined plyometric/sprint training with the Meridian Elyte athletic shoe on muscular performance in women. J Strength Cond Res 21(3):882–887PubMed
19.
Zurück zum Zitat Ross RE, Ratamess NA, Hoffman JR, Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Chilakos A (2009) The effects of treadmill sprint training and resistance training on maximal running velocity and power. J Strength Cond Res 23(2):385–394PubMedCrossRef Ross RE, Ratamess NA, Hoffman JR, Faigenbaum AD, Kang J, Chilakos A (2009) The effects of treadmill sprint training and resistance training on maximal running velocity and power. J Strength Cond Res 23(2):385–394PubMedCrossRef
20.
Zurück zum Zitat Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Hakkinen K (2003) Acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses and recovery to forced vs. maximum repetitions multiple resistance exercises. Int J Sports Med 24:410–418PubMedCrossRef Ahtiainen JP, Pakarinen A, Alen M, Kraemer WJ, Hakkinen K (2003) Acute hormonal and neuromuscular responses and recovery to forced vs. maximum repetitions multiple resistance exercises. Int J Sports Med 24:410–418PubMedCrossRef
21.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer WJ, Marchitelli LJ, Gordon SE, Harman E, Dziados JE, Mello R et al (1990) Hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise protocols. J Appl Physiol 69(4):1442–1450PubMedCrossRef Kraemer WJ, Marchitelli LJ, Gordon SE, Harman E, Dziados JE, Mello R et al (1990) Hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise protocols. J Appl Physiol 69(4):1442–1450PubMedCrossRef
22.
Zurück zum Zitat Smilios I, Pilianidis T, Karamouzis M, Tokmakidis SP (2003) Hormonal responses after various resistance exercise protocols. Med Sci Sports Exec 35:644–654CrossRef Smilios I, Pilianidis T, Karamouzis M, Tokmakidis SP (2003) Hormonal responses after various resistance exercise protocols. Med Sci Sports Exec 35:644–654CrossRef
23.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer RR, Durand RJ, Acevedo EO, Johnson LG, Kraemer GR, Hebert EP et al (2004) Rigorous running increases growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I without altering ghrelin. ExpBiol Med (Maywood) 229(3):240–246CrossRef Kraemer RR, Durand RJ, Acevedo EO, Johnson LG, Kraemer GR, Hebert EP et al (2004) Rigorous running increases growth hormone and insulin-like growth factor-I without altering ghrelin. ExpBiol Med (Maywood) 229(3):240–246CrossRef
24.
Zurück zum Zitat Nevill ME, Holmyard DJ, Hall GM, Allsop P, van Oosterhout A, Burrin JM et al (1996) Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 72(5–6):460–467PubMedCrossRef Nevill ME, Holmyard DJ, Hall GM, Allsop P, van Oosterhout A, Burrin JM et al (1996) Growth hormone responses to treadmill sprinting in sprint- and endurance-trained athletes. Eur J Appl Physiol Occup Physiol 72(5–6):460–467PubMedCrossRef
25.
Zurück zum Zitat Dent J (2014) The effect of concurrent resistance and repeated-sprint exercise on performance and the cytokine response in female team-sport athletes [Dissertation]. Auckland University of technology, New Zealand Dent J (2014) The effect of concurrent resistance and repeated-sprint exercise on performance and the cytokine response in female team-sport athletes [Dissertation]. Auckland University of technology, New Zealand
26.
Zurück zum Zitat Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, dos Santos MG, Martins JB, Rodrigues Lhullier FL, Pinto RS et al (2012) Hormonal responses to concurrent strength and endurance training with different exercise orders. J Strength Cond Res 26(12):3281–3288PubMedCrossRef Cadore EL, Izquierdo M, dos Santos MG, Martins JB, Rodrigues Lhullier FL, Pinto RS et al (2012) Hormonal responses to concurrent strength and endurance training with different exercise orders. J Strength Cond Res 26(12):3281–3288PubMedCrossRef
27.
Zurück zum Zitat Goto K, Higashiyama M, Ishii N, Takamatsu K (2005) Prior endurance exercise attenuates growth hormone response to subsequent resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 94(3):333–338PubMedCrossRef Goto K, Higashiyama M, Ishii N, Takamatsu K (2005) Prior endurance exercise attenuates growth hormone response to subsequent resistance exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 94(3):333–338PubMedCrossRef
28.
Zurück zum Zitat Schumann M, Eklund D, Taipale RS, Nyman K, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen A et al (2013) Acute neuromuscular and endocrine responses and recovery to single-session combined endurance and strength loadings: "Order effect" in untrained young men. J Strength Cond Res 27(2):421–433PubMedCrossRef Schumann M, Eklund D, Taipale RS, Nyman K, Kraemer WJ, Häkkinen A et al (2013) Acute neuromuscular and endocrine responses and recovery to single-session combined endurance and strength loadings: "Order effect" in untrained young men. J Strength Cond Res 27(2):421–433PubMedCrossRef
29.
Zurück zum Zitat Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Siahkouhian M, Hakimi M, Ali-Mohammadi M (2015) The effect of concurrent training order on hormonal responses and body composition in obese men. Sci Sports 30(6):335–341CrossRef Sheikholeslami-Vatani D, Siahkouhian M, Hakimi M, Ali-Mohammadi M (2015) The effect of concurrent training order on hormonal responses and body composition in obese men. Sci Sports 30(6):335–341CrossRef
30.
Zurück zum Zitat Jones T, Howatson G, Russell M, French D (2016) Effects of strength and endurance exercise order on endocrine responses to concurrent training. Eur J Sport Sci 17(3):326–334PubMedCrossRef Jones T, Howatson G, Russell M, French D (2016) Effects of strength and endurance exercise order on endocrine responses to concurrent training. Eur J Sport Sci 17(3):326–334PubMedCrossRef
31.
Zurück zum Zitat Rosa C, Vilaça-Alves J, Fernandes HM, Saavedra FJ, Pinto RS, dos Reis VM (2015) Order effects of combined strength and endurance training on testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, and IGF-1 binding protein 3 in concurrently trained men. J Strength Cond Res 29(1):74–79PubMedCrossRef Rosa C, Vilaça-Alves J, Fernandes HM, Saavedra FJ, Pinto RS, dos Reis VM (2015) Order effects of combined strength and endurance training on testosterone, cortisol, growth hormone, and IGF-1 binding protein 3 in concurrently trained men. J Strength Cond Res 29(1):74–79PubMedCrossRef
33.
Zurück zum Zitat Stokes KA, Nevill ME, Hall GM, Lakomy HK (2002) The time course of the human growth hormone response to a 6 s and a 30 s cycle ergometer sprint. J Sports Sci 20(6):487–494PubMedCrossRef Stokes KA, Nevill ME, Hall GM, Lakomy HK (2002) The time course of the human growth hormone response to a 6 s and a 30 s cycle ergometer sprint. J Sports Sci 20(6):487–494PubMedCrossRef
34.
Zurück zum Zitat Raastad T, Bjoro T, Hallen J (2000) Hormonal responses to high- and moderate-intensity strength exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 82(1–2):121–128PubMedCrossRef Raastad T, Bjoro T, Hallen J (2000) Hormonal responses to high- and moderate-intensity strength exercise. Eur J Appl Physiol 82(1–2):121–128PubMedCrossRef
35.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA (2005) Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Med 35(4):339–361PubMedCrossRef Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA (2005) Hormonal responses and adaptations to resistance exercise and training. Sports Med 35(4):339–361PubMedCrossRef
36.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer WJ, Gordon SE, Fleck SJ, Marchitelli LJ, Mello R, Dziados JE et al (1991) Endogenous anabolic hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise in males and females. Int J Sports Med 12(2):228–235PubMedCrossRef Kraemer WJ, Gordon SE, Fleck SJ, Marchitelli LJ, Mello R, Dziados JE et al (1991) Endogenous anabolic hormonal and growth factor responses to heavy resistance exercise in males and females. Int J Sports Med 12(2):228–235PubMedCrossRef
37.
Zurück zum Zitat Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A (1993) Acute hormonal responses to two different fatiguing heavy-resistance protocols in male athletes. J Appl Physiol 74(2):882–887PubMedCrossRef Hakkinen K, Pakarinen A (1993) Acute hormonal responses to two different fatiguing heavy-resistance protocols in male athletes. J Appl Physiol 74(2):882–887PubMedCrossRef
38.
Zurück zum Zitat Williams AG, Ismail AN, Sharma A, Jones DA (2002) Effects of resistance exercise volume and nutritional supplementation on anabolic and catabolic hormones. Eur J Appl Physiol 86(4):315–321PubMedCrossRef Williams AG, Ismail AN, Sharma A, Jones DA (2002) Effects of resistance exercise volume and nutritional supplementation on anabolic and catabolic hormones. Eur J Appl Physiol 86(4):315–321PubMedCrossRef
39.
Zurück zum Zitat Stokes KA, Gilbert KL, Hall GM, Andrews RC, Thompson D (2013) Different responses of selected hormones to three types of exercise in young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 113(3):775–783PubMedCrossRef Stokes KA, Gilbert KL, Hall GM, Andrews RC, Thompson D (2013) Different responses of selected hormones to three types of exercise in young men. Eur J Appl Physiol 113(3):775–783PubMedCrossRef
40.
Zurück zum Zitat Bishop D, Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A (2011) Repeated-sprint ability—part II: recommendations for training. Sports Med 41(9):741–756PubMedCrossRef Bishop D, Girard O, Mendez-Villanueva A (2011) Repeated-sprint ability—part II: recommendations for training. Sports Med 41(9):741–756PubMedCrossRef
41.
Zurück zum Zitat Glaister M (2008) Multiple-sprint work: methodological, physiological, and experimental issues. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 3(1):107–112PubMedCrossRef Glaister M (2008) Multiple-sprint work: methodological, physiological, and experimental issues. Int J Sports Physiol Perform 3(1):107–112PubMedCrossRef
42.
Zurück zum Zitat Glaister M, Stone MH, Stewart AM, Hughes M, Moir GL (2005) The influence of recovery duration on multiple sprint cycling performance. J Strength Cond Res 19(4):831–837PubMed Glaister M, Stone MH, Stewart AM, Hughes M, Moir GL (2005) The influence of recovery duration on multiple sprint cycling performance. J Strength Cond Res 19(4):831–837PubMed
43.
Zurück zum Zitat Wideman L, Consitt L, Patrie J, Swearingin B, Bloomer R, Davis P et al (2006) The impact of sex and exercise duration on growth hormone secretion. J Appl Physiol 101(6):1641–1647PubMedCrossRef Wideman L, Consitt L, Patrie J, Swearingin B, Bloomer R, Davis P et al (2006) The impact of sex and exercise duration on growth hormone secretion. J Appl Physiol 101(6):1641–1647PubMedCrossRef
44.
Zurück zum Zitat Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Anderson JM, Armstrong LE, Nindl BC, Volek JS, Maresh CM (2008) Resist Exerc Biol Sports Med 38(7):527–540 Spiering BA, Kraemer WJ, Anderson JM, Armstrong LE, Nindl BC, Volek JS, Maresh CM (2008) Resist Exerc Biol Sports Med 38(7):527–540
45.
Zurück zum Zitat West DW, Phillips SM (2010) Anabolic processes in human skeletal muscle: restoring the identities of growth hormone and testosterone. Phys Sports Med 38(3):97–104CrossRef West DW, Phillips SM (2010) Anabolic processes in human skeletal muscle: restoring the identities of growth hormone and testosterone. Phys Sports Med 38(3):97–104CrossRef
46.
Zurück zum Zitat Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Nindl BC (2017) Recovery responses of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 after resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 122(3):549–558PubMedCrossRef Kraemer WJ, Ratamess NA, Nindl BC (2017) Recovery responses of testosterone, growth hormone, and IGF-1 after resistance exercise. J Appl Physiol 122(3):549–558PubMedCrossRef
Metadaten
Titel
Acute growth hormone response to concurrent strength–sprint training with different orders in strength-trained men
verfasst von
Davoud Bayat
Vahid Tadibi
Publikationsdatum
04.03.2021
Verlag
Springer Milan
Erschienen in
Sport Sciences for Health / Ausgabe 4/2021
Print ISSN: 1824-7490
Elektronische ISSN: 1825-1234
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11332-021-00743-w

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 4/2021

Sport Sciences for Health 4/2021 Zur Ausgabe

Arthropedia

Grundlagenwissen der Arthroskopie und Gelenkchirurgie. Erweitert durch Fallbeispiele, Videos und Abbildungen. 
» Jetzt entdecken

Proximale Humerusfraktur: Auch 100-Jährige operieren?

01.05.2024 DCK 2024 Kongressbericht

Mit dem demographischen Wandel versorgt auch die Chirurgie immer mehr betagte Menschen. Von Entwicklungen wie Fast-Track können auch ältere Menschen profitieren und bei proximaler Humerusfraktur können selbst manche 100-Jährige noch sicher operiert werden.

Sind Frauen die fähigeren Ärzte?

30.04.2024 Gendermedizin Nachrichten

Patienten, die von Ärztinnen behandelt werden, dürfen offenbar auf bessere Therapieergebnisse hoffen als Patienten von Ärzten. Besonders gilt das offenbar für weibliche Kranke, wie eine Studie zeigt.

Notfall-TEP der Hüfte ist auch bei 90-Jährigen machbar

26.04.2024 Hüft-TEP Nachrichten

Ob bei einer Notfalloperation nach Schenkelhalsfraktur eine Hemiarthroplastik oder eine totale Endoprothese (TEP) eingebaut wird, sollte nicht allein vom Alter der Patientinnen und Patienten abhängen. Auch über 90-Jährige können von der TEP profitieren.

Arthroskopie kann Knieprothese nicht hinauszögern

25.04.2024 Gonarthrose Nachrichten

Ein arthroskopischer Eingriff bei Kniearthrose macht im Hinblick darauf, ob und wann ein Gelenkersatz fällig wird, offenbar keinen Unterschied.

Update Orthopädie und Unfallchirurgie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.