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Erschienen in: Der Onkologe 7/2017

15.05.2017 | Stammzell-Transplantation | Leitthema

Allogene Transplantation in der Behandlung der akuten Leukämien

verfasst von: Eva Schmidt, Jan-Henrik Mikesch, Christoph Groth, Christoph Schliemann, Georg Lenz, Wolfgang E. Berdel, Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Stelljes

Erschienen in: Die Onkologie | Ausgabe 7/2017

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Zusammenfassung

Hintergrund

Die allogene Stammzelltransplantation (SZT) in der Therapie akuter Leukämien ist eine evolutionäre Therapie und hat in den letzten Jahren an Bedeutung zugenommen.

Methode

Es handelt sich um eine Übersicht über die Indikationen der allogenen SZT bei akuten Leukämien.

Ergebnisse

Bei HLA-identem Familien- oder HLA-kompatiblem Fremdspender ist die allogene SZT bei Patienten mit akuter myeloischer Leukämie (AML) mit intermediärem Risiko eine Standardtherapieoption als Postremissionstherapie, bei Patienten mit hohem Risiko die bisher einzige Option mit kurativem Therapieziel. Mit Verbesserungen in der Supportivtherapie sowie der Etablierung dosisreduzierter Konditionierungsregime und zunehmender Spenderverfügbarkeit gilt diese Indikationsstellung auch für ältere Patienten, die ohne allogene SZT eine ungünstige Prognose haben. Die allogene SZT ist bisher die einzige kurative Therapie für Patienten mit primär refraktärer Erkrankung oder Rezidiv. Patienten mit akuter lymphatischer Leukämie (ALL), die prognostisch in die Hoch- oder Höchstrisikogruppe eingeordnet werden, sollte ebenfalls eine allogene SZT in 1. Remission empfohlen werden. Bei Standardrisiko-ALL-Patienten ist die Indikationsstellung vom Verlauf der minimalen Resterkrankung abhängig.

Schlussfolgerung

Die Entscheidung zur allogenen SZT wird für jeden Patienten individuell gestellt und ist abhängig vom Risikoprofil der Leukämie, von der Verfügbarkeit eines geeigneten Spenders, von den Begleiterkrankungen und nicht zuletzt vom Wunsch des aufgeklärten Patienten.
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Metadaten
Titel
Allogene Transplantation in der Behandlung der akuten Leukämien
verfasst von
Eva Schmidt
Jan-Henrik Mikesch
Christoph Groth
Christoph Schliemann
Georg Lenz
Wolfgang E. Berdel
Prof. Dr. med. Matthias Stelljes
Publikationsdatum
15.05.2017

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