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01.07.2014 | Original Research

An Investigation of Associations Between Clinicians’ Ethnic or Racial Bias and Hypertension Treatment, Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control

verfasst von: Irene V. Blair, PhD, John F. Steiner, MD, MPH, Rebecca Hanratty, MD, David W. Price, MD, Diane L. Fairclough, DrPH, Stacie L. Daugherty, MD, MSPH, Michael Bronsert, PhD, David J. Magid, MD, Edward P. Havranek, MD

Erschienen in: Journal of General Internal Medicine | Ausgabe 7/2014

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

Few studies have directly investigated the association of clinicians’ implicit (unconscious) bias with health care disparities in clinical settings.

OBJECTIVE

To determine if clinicians’ implicit ethnic or racial bias is associated with processes and outcomes of treatment for hypertension among black and Latino patients, relative to white patients.

RESEARCH DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS

Primary care clinicians completed Implicit Association Tests of ethnic and racial bias. Electronic medical records were queried for a stratified, random sample of the clinicians’ black, Latino and white patients to assess treatment intensification, adherence and control of hypertension. Multilevel random coefficient models assessed the associations between clinicians’ implicit biases and ethnic or racial differences in hypertension care and outcomes.

MAIN MEASURES

Standard measures of treatment intensification and medication adherence were calculated from pharmacy refills. Hypertension control was assessed by the percentage of time that patients met blood pressure goals recorded during primary care visits.

KEY RESULTS

One hundred and thirty-eight primary care clinicians and 4,794 patients with hypertension participated. Black patients received equivalent treatment intensification, but had lower medication adherence and worse hypertension control than white patients; Latino patients received equivalent treatment intensification and had similar hypertension control, but lower medication adherence than white patients. Differences in treatment intensification, medication adherence and hypertension control were unrelated to clinician implicit bias for black patients (P = 0.85, P = 0.06 and P = 0.31, respectively) and for Latino patients (P = 0.55, P = 0.40 and P = 0.79, respectively). An increase in clinician bias from average to strong was associated with a relative change of less than 5 % in all outcomes for black and Latino patients.

CONCLUSIONS

Implicit bias did not affect clinicians’ provision of care to their minority patients, nor did it affect the patients’ outcomes. The identification of health care contexts in which bias does not impact outcomes can assist both patients and clinicians in their efforts to build trust and partnership.

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Titel: An Investigation of Associations Between Clinicians’ Ethnic or Racial Bias and Hypertension Treatment, Medication Adherence and Blood Pressure Control
verfasst von: Irene V. Blair, PhD
John F. Steiner, MD, MPH
Rebecca Hanratty, MD
David W. Price, MD
Diane L. Fairclough, DrPH
Stacie L. Daugherty, MD, MSPH
Michael Bronsert, PhD
David J. Magid, MD
Edward P. Havranek, MD
Publikationsdatum: 01.07.2014
Verlag: Springer US
Erschienen in: Journal of General Internal Medicine / Ausgabe 7/2014
Print ISSN: 0884-8734
Elektronische ISSN: 1525-1497
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s11606-014-2795-z

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ABSTRACT

BACKGROUND

OBJECTIVE

RESEARCH DESIGN AND PARTICIPANTS

MAIN MEASURES

KEY RESULTS

CONCLUSIONS

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