Background
Methods
Data sources
Presence of Behavioral and psychotic symptoms
Prevalence of antipsychotic medication use
Sample
Data analysis
Results
Sector | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Characteristic | HC | ALC | CCC | LTC |
Mean Age (SDa) | 84.3 (7.0) | 84.4 (7.0) | 84.5 (7.1) | 85.8 (7.2) |
Male | 53.6% (21777) | 52.9% (3958) | 45.8% (1978) | 30.1% (27331) |
Selected Diagnoses | ||||
Hypertension | N/A | N/A | 60.5% (2613) | 58.4% (52782) |
Anxiety disorder | N/A | N/A | 9.8% (423) | 8.6% (7806) |
Depression | N/A | N/A | 23.1% (997) | 30.9% (28078) |
Bipolar Disorder | N/A | N/A | 1.1% (49) | 1.5% (1350) |
Arthritis | N/A | N/A | 31.6% (1366) | 39.4% (35609) |
Diabetes | 22.3% (9080) | 25.7% (1922) | 27.5% (1187) | 22.7% (20651) |
Other Cardiovascular | 70.2% (28554) | 77.7% (5812) | 25.3% (1094) | 14.8% (13387) |
Any psychiatric condition | 40.9% (16639) | 44.1% (3297) | 49.8% (2152) | 55.1% (50067) |
Cognitive Performance Scaleb
| ||||
Moderate to Severe Impairment | 43.3% (17619) | 70.8% (5291) | 76.2% (4318) | 77.9% (70758) |
Activities of Daily Living Scalec
| ||||
- Mean (SD) | 3.1 (3.9) | 7.9 (4.5) | 11.0 (4.3) | 9.5 (4.6) |
CHESS Scaled - Mean (SD) | 1.5 (1.2) | 2.2 (1.1) | 2.0 (1.5) | 0.9 (1.1) |
Aggressive Behavior Scale | ||||
(ABS)e – Mean (SD) | 0.5 (1.0) | 0.7 (1.4) | 1.5 (2.4) | 1.7 (2.4) |
Mean ABS Score for those where ABS >0 | 2.0 (1.3) | 2.2 (1.6) | 3.3 (2.7) | 3.2 (2.4) |
Behavior and Psychotic Symptoms: | ||||
None | 70.2% (28554) | 61.9% (4554) | 50.4% (2174) | 46.4% (42185) |
Behavior | 18.7% (7598) | 26.6% (1989) | 34.5% (1491) | 47.3% (42967) |
Psychotic | 6.2% (2508) | 6.1% (459) | 4.6% (198) | 1.7% (1553) |
Both | 4.9% (1990) | 6.4% (475) | 10.5% (455) | 4.6% (4141) |
Prevalence of antipsychotic medication use
Antipsychotic medication use among adults without behaviour or psychotic symptoms
Odds ratio (95% Confidence interval) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|
Home care | Alternate level of care | Complex continuing care | Long term care nursing homes | |
C-Statistic | c = 0.67 | c = 0.69 | c = 0.71 | c = 0.72 |
Variablea
| ||||
Age | 0.98 (0.97, 0.98) | 0.98 (0.97, 0.99) | 0.98 (0.98, 0.98) | |
Male | 1.27 (1.08, 1.51) | 0.89 (0.81, 0.98) | 0.81 (0.79, 0.84) | |
Any psychiatric condition | 1.54 (1.40, 1.70) | 1.27 (1.23, 1.31) | ||
Bipolar Disorder | NA | NA | 5.63 (3.88, 8.17) | 5.52 (5.01, 6.08) |
Any neurological disorder | 1.27 (1.14, 1.41) | 1.56 (1.50, 1.62) | ||
Delirium | 1.34 (1.17, 1.54) | 1.67 (1.40, 2.00) | 0.80 (0.69, 0.93) | 1.06 (1.00, 1.14) |
Wandering | 1.44 (1.24, 1.68) | 1.83 (1.47, 2.28) | 1.35 (1.18, 1.54) | 1.26 (1.23, 1.29) |
Anxious complaints | 1.75 (1.56, 1.97) | 1.77 (1.44, 2.17) | 2.01(1.56, 2.59) | 1.54 (1.48, 1.60) |
Loss of appetite | 0.67 (0.51, 0.87) | |||
Sad, pained, worried facial expression | 0.92 (0.86, 0.99) | |||
Repetitive physical movements | 1.21 (1.09, 1.34) | 1.30 (1.26, 1.33) | ||
Unrealistic Fears | 1.30 (1.26, 1.35) | |||
CHESS Scale | 0.90 (0.86, 0.93) | 0.85 (0.78, 0.92) | 1.11 (1.07, 1.15) | 0.94 (0.93, 0.95) |
ADL Scale | 0.97 (0.96, 0.97) | |||
Conflict with others | 1.18 (1.04, 1.34) | 1.72 (1.35, 2.19) | ||
Impaired cognitive skills for daily decision making | 1.21 (1.15, 1.27) | 1.37 (1.25, 1.49) | 1.32 (1.25, 1.40) | 1.69 (1.66, 1.72) |
Physical restraint | NA | 1.35 (1.06, 1.72) | 1.35 (1.16, 1.57) | 1.25 (1.19, 1.30) |
Use of Psychotropic Medications | ||||
Anti-depressants | 1.63 (1.48, 1.79) | 1.45 (1.22, 1.71) | 1.43 (1.30, 1.58) | 1.68 (1.64, 1.73) |
Hypnotics | 1.32 (1.20, 1.45) | |||
Anti-anxiety | 0.95 (0.91, 0.99) |