Arthroscopically assisted latissimus dorsi transfer with a minimally invasive harvesting technique: surgical technique and anatomic study

Latissimus dorsi musculotendinous transfer has been described for the treatment of massive rotator cuff defects. The aim of this paper is to present the relevant surgical anatomy of an arthroscopically assisted technique associated with a modified harvesting of the tendon. For tendon harvesting, a skin incision of about 5–6 cm in length is made in the axillary crease orthogonal to the longitudinal axis of the upper arm. For the musculotendinous transfer, we propose to increase vector action of the latissimus dorsi by passing the transferred tendon ahead the triceps muscle under or over the Teres Major and fixing the transferred tendon behind the humeral head center of rotation in a more posterolateral position. In order to check the feasibility and safety of this new surgical technique, two fresh-frozen adult cadaveric hemithorax specimens with an intact upper extremity were dissected, and the relationships between the tendons and local neurologic structures were described during various steps of the latissimus dorsi transfer procedure.