Background
Materials and methods
Background of the research project
Collection of a pool of clinical photographs
Oral health aspects | Segments of the VAS | ||
---|---|---|---|
1 Acceptable | 2 Not acceptable, moderate | 3 Not acceptable, marked | |
Denture hygiene: Part of the inner surface covered with dental plaque or tartar | < 1/3 | 1/3–2/3 | > 2/3 |
Oral hygiene: Part of the surface of teeth or denture retainers covered with dental plaque or tartar | < 1/3 | 1/3–2/3 | > 2/3 |
Teeth | All teeth sound, adequately filled, maybe tooth wear | ≥ 1 tooth broken, with decay, defect fillings, root remnants | a |
Gums | Pink and firm, maybe minor aberration in color or texture | Moderate redness, swelling, glassy | Marked redness, swelling, bleeding, sores, wounds, fistulas |
Tongue | Small bumps on upper and lateral surface, moist, pink | General redness, patches, extensive coating, deep grooves, dry | Red and/or white lesions, swelling, sores, wounds |
Palate, oral surface of lips and cheeks | Smooth, moist, pink | General redness, rough, dry | Red and/or white lesions, swelling, sores, wounds |
Assessment of the photographs
Sample and recruitment of dentists and non-dental professional caregivers
Statistical analysis
Results
Characteristics of dentists and caregivers
Dentists, N = 32 | Caregivers, N = 164 | ||
---|---|---|---|
Gender in % | Female | 68.8 | 94.5 |
Male | 31.2 | 5.5 | |
Age groups in % | < 30 years | 9.4 | 29.3 |
30–40 years | 12.5 | 22.6 | |
41–50 years | 31.3 | 37.8 | |
> 50 years | 46.9 | 10.4 | |
Occupation | Nurse | 57.9 | |
Nurse aid | 23.8 | ||
Nurse lecturer | 7.3 | ||
Speech therapist | 3.7 | ||
Others (e.g., physician, psychologist, dietitian) | 7.3 |
Distance from the benchmark
Oral health aspect | Distance from the benchmark: difference between dentists and caregivers on log scale (increase for caregivers) | 95% confidence interval | P-value |
---|---|---|---|
Denture hygiene | 0.118 (1.13) | 0.028–0.208 | 0.010 |
Oral hygiene | 0.326 (1.39) | 0.236–0.416 | <.0001 |
Teeth | 0.411 (1.51) | 0.308–0.513 | <.0001 |
Gums | 0.414 (1.51) | 0.328–0.499 | <.0001 |
Tongue | 0.368 (1.44) | 0.278–0.458 | <.0001 |
Palate, lips, cheeks | 0.347 (1.41) | 0.260–0.435 | <.0001 |
Direction of the distance from the benchmark
Direction of the distance from the benchmark | Dentists in % | Caregivers in % |
---|---|---|
Lower score than benchmark (= underestimation) | 40.62 | 41.87 |
Same score as benchmark | 3.37 | 0.78 |
Higher score than benchmark (= overestimation) | 56.02 | 57.35 |
Underestimation of the condition (lower score than benchmark, odds ratio caregivers/dentists) | 95% confidence interval | P-value | |
---|---|---|---|
Denture hygiene | 0.95 | 0.81–1.11 | 0.522 |
Oral hygiene | 0.72 | 0.62–0.84 | <.0001 |
Teeth | 0.74 | 0.61–0.88 | 0.001 |
Gums | 1.39 | 1.22–1.59 | <.0001 |
Tongue | 1.12 | 0.97–1.30 | 0.118 |
Palate/lips/cheeks | 1.22 | 1.07–1.40 | 0.004 |