Skip to main content
Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health 6/2017

10.06.2017 | Original Paper

Association of Islamic Prayer with Psychological Stability in Bosnian War Veterans

verfasst von: Izet Pajević, Osman Sinanović, Mevludin Hasanović

Erschienen in: Journal of Religion and Health | Ausgabe 6/2017

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

To compare the outcomes among war veterans who pray/do not pray and who were not suffering mental disorders after the Bosnia–Herzegovina war (1992–95). The sample consists of 100 healthy Bosnian war veterans divided in two equal groups—one, a highly religious group inside which were individuals who perform five obligatory prayers every day, and another group of individuals who do not practice any daily prayer. We used Minnesota Multiphase Personal Inventory (MMPI), Profile Index of Emotions (PIE) and Life Style Questionnaire (LSQ). War veterans who prayed had significantly higher levels for: incorporation, self-protection, and for reactive formation; but significantly lower levels for regression, compensation, transfer, no-controlling, oppositional and aggressiveness than their peers who did not pray. Practicing religion (regular performing daily prayers) is associated with reduction of tendencies towards the tendency for risk, impulsiveness, and aggression. It is also associated with successful overcoming of emotional conflicts in war veterans who practiced religion than their peers who did not practice religion.
Literatur
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Barzinjy, N., Rasool, M. T., & Al-Dabbagh, T. Q. (2009). Islamic praying and osteoarthritis changes of weight bearing joints. Duhok Medical, 3(1), 33–44. Al-Barzinjy, N., Rasool, M. T., & Al-Dabbagh, T. Q. (2009). Islamic praying and osteoarthritis changes of weight bearing joints. Duhok Medical, 3(1), 33–44.
Zurück zum Zitat Aljukić, N., Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2013). Severity of trauma experiences, cognitive impairs depressiveness and anxiety of war veterans who suffer from PTSD. European Psychiatry, Abstracts of the 21th European Congress of Psychiatry. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(13)77002-0. Aljukić, N., Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2013). Severity of trauma experiences, cognitive impairs depressiveness and anxiety of war veterans who suffer from PTSD. European Psychiatry, Abstracts of the 21th European Congress of Psychiatry. doi:10.​1016/​S0924-9338(13)77002-0.
Zurück zum Zitat Al-Rawi, S., & Fetters, M. D. (2012). Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine: A conceptual model for clinicians and researchers. Global Journal of Health Science, 4(3), 164–169.PubMedCentral Al-Rawi, S., & Fetters, M. D. (2012). Traditional Arabic and Islamic medicine: A conceptual model for clinicians and researchers. Global Journal of Health Science, 4(3), 164–169.PubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Avdibegović, E., Bećirović, E., Selimbasić, Z., Hasanović, M., & Sinanović, O. (2007). Cerebral cortical atrophy and silent brain infarcts in psychiatric patients. Psychiatria Danubin, 19(1–2), 49–55. Avdibegović, E., Bećirović, E., Selimbasić, Z., Hasanović, M., & Sinanović, O. (2007). Cerebral cortical atrophy and silent brain infarcts in psychiatric patients. Psychiatria Danubin, 19(1–2), 49–55.
Zurück zum Zitat Avdibegović, E., Hasanović, M., Selimbašić, Z., Pajević, I., & Sinanović, O. (2008). Mental health care of psychotraumatized. Persons in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina-exepriences from Tuzla Canton. Psychiatria Danubina, 20(4), 474–484.PubMed Avdibegović, E., Hasanović, M., Selimbašić, Z., Pajević, I., & Sinanović, O. (2008). Mental health care of psychotraumatized. Persons in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina-exepriences from Tuzla Canton. Psychiatria Danubina, 20(4), 474–484.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Baškovec-Milinković, A., Bele-Potočnik, Ž., & Hruševar, B. (1979). Priručnik za upotrebu PIE-Profil indeks emocija. Ljubljana: Centar za psihodijagnostička sredstva. Baškovec-Milinković, A., Bele-Potočnik, Ž., & Hruševar, B. (1979). Priručnik za upotrebu PIE-Profil indeks emocija. Ljubljana: Centar za psihodijagnostička sredstva.
Zurück zum Zitat Biro, M., & Berger, J. (1981). Priručnik za primenu I interpretaciju MMPI. Beograd: Savez društava psihologa Srbije. Biro, M., & Berger, J. (1981). Priručnik za primenu I interpretaciju MMPI. Beograd: Savez društava psihologa Srbije.
Zurück zum Zitat Chida, Y., Schrempft, S., & Steptoe, A. (2016). A novel religious/spiritual group psychotherapy reduces depressive symptoms in a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(5), 1495–1506. doi:10.1007/s10943-015-0113-7.CrossRefPubMed Chida, Y., Schrempft, S., & Steptoe, A. (2016). A novel religious/spiritual group psychotherapy reduces depressive symptoms in a randomized clinical trial. Journal of Religion and Health, 55(5), 1495–1506. doi:10.​1007/​s10943-015-0113-7.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Chishti, A. G. M. (1985). The book of sufi healing. New York: Inner Traditions International, Limited. Chishti, A. G. M. (1985). The book of sufi healing. New York: Inner Traditions International, Limited.
Zurück zum Zitat Dy-Liaco, G. S., Kennedy, M. C., Parker, D. J., & Piedmont, R. L. (2005). Spiritual transcendence as an unmediated causal predictor of psychological growth and worldwide among Filipinos. Resources of Social Science Studies Religion, 16, 261–286. Dy-Liaco, G. S., Kennedy, M. C., Parker, D. J., & Piedmont, R. L. (2005). Spiritual transcendence as an unmediated causal predictor of psychological growth and worldwide among Filipinos. Resources of Social Science Studies Religion, 16, 261–286.
Zurück zum Zitat Ernst, E., Pittler, M. H., Wider, B., & Boddy, K. (2007). Mind–body therapies: Are the trial data getting stronger? Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 13(5), 62–64.PubMed Ernst, E., Pittler, M. H., Wider, B., & Boddy, K. (2007). Mind–body therapies: Are the trial data getting stronger? Alternative Therapies in Health and Medicine, 13(5), 62–64.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M. (2009). Kvalitet života u veterana rata u Bosni i Hercegovini sa posttraumatskim stresnim poremećajem. Doktorska teza, Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli, Tuzla. doi:10.13140/RG.2.2.25742.36160. Hasanović, M. (2009). Kvalitet života u veterana rata u Bosni i Hercegovini sa posttraumatskim stresnim poremećajem. Doktorska teza, Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli, Tuzla. doi:10.​13140/​RG.​2.​2.​25742.​36160.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M. (2011). Psychological consequences of war-traumatized children and adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Medica Academica, 40(1), 45–66.CrossRef Hasanović, M. (2011). Psychological consequences of war-traumatized children and adolescents in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Acta Medica Academica, 40(1), 45–66.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in Bosnian internally displaced and refugee adolescents from three different regions after the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Paediatrics Today, 8(1), 22–31. doi:10.5457/p2005-114.34. Hasanović, M. (2012). Posttraumatic stress disorder in Bosnian internally displaced and refugee adolescents from three different regions after the 1992–1995 war in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Paediatrics Today, 8(1), 22–31. doi:10.​5457/​p2005-114.​34.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2010). Religious moral beliefs as mental health protective factor of war veterans suffering from PTSD, depressiveness, anxiety, tobacco and alcohol abuse in comorbidity. Psychiatria Danubina, 22(2), 203–210.PubMed Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2010). Religious moral beliefs as mental health protective factor of war veterans suffering from PTSD, depressiveness, anxiety, tobacco and alcohol abuse in comorbidity. Psychiatria Danubina, 22(2), 203–210.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2012). Religious moral believes and quality of life amongst war veterans in Bosnia and Herzegovina negatively associated with severity of trauma experiences and anxiety. European Psychiatry, Abstracts of the 20th European Congress of Psychiatry. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(12)74297-9. Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2012). Religious moral believes and quality of life amongst war veterans in Bosnia and Herzegovina negatively associated with severity of trauma experiences and anxiety. European Psychiatry, Abstracts of the 20th European Congress of Psychiatry. doi:10.​1016/​S0924-9338(12)74297-9.
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2013). Religious moral beliefs inversely related to trauma experiences severity and depression severity among war veterans in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 730–739. doi:10.1007/s10943-012-9643-4.CrossRefPubMed Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2013). Religious moral beliefs inversely related to trauma experiences severity and depression severity among war veterans in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Journal of Religion and Health, 52(3), 730–739. doi:10.​1007/​s10943-012-9643-4.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2015). Religious moral beliefs inversely related to trauma experiences severity and presented posttraumatic stress disorder among Bosnia and Herzegovina War Veterans. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(4), 1403–1415. doi:10.1007/s10943-014-9954-8.CrossRefPubMed Hasanović, M., & Pajević, I. (2015). Religious moral beliefs inversely related to trauma experiences severity and presented posttraumatic stress disorder among Bosnia and Herzegovina War Veterans. Journal of Religion and Health, 54(4), 1403–1415. doi:10.​1007/​s10943-014-9954-8.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M., Sinanović, O., Pajević, I., & Agius, M. (2011). The spiritual approach to group psychotherapy treatment of psychotraumatized persons in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. Religions, 2(3), 330–344.CrossRef Hasanović, M., Sinanović, O., Pajević, I., & Agius, M. (2011). The spiritual approach to group psychotherapy treatment of psychotraumatized persons in post-war Bosnia and Herzegovina. Religions, 2(3), 330–344.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Hasanović, M., Sinanović, O., Pajević, I., Avdibegović, E., & Sutović, A. (2006). Post-war mental health promotion in Bosnia–Herzegovina. Psychiatria Danubina, 18(1–2), 74–78.PubMed Hasanović, M., Sinanović, O., Pajević, I., Avdibegović, E., & Sutović, A. (2006). Post-war mental health promotion in Bosnia–Herzegovina. Psychiatria Danubina, 18(1–2), 74–78.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Kleber, R., & Brom, D. (1992). Coping with trauma: Theory, prevention and treatment. Amsterdam: Swets and Ceitlinger. Kleber, R., & Brom, D. (1992). Coping with trauma: Theory, prevention and treatment. Amsterdam: Swets and Ceitlinger.
Zurück zum Zitat Koenig, H. G. (Ed.). (1998). Handbook of religion and mental health. San Diego: Academic Press. Koenig, H. G. (Ed.). (1998). Handbook of religion and mental health. San Diego: Academic Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Koenig, H. G. (2007). Religion and depression in older medical inpatients. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 282–291.CrossRefPubMed Koenig, H. G. (2007). Religion and depression in older medical inpatients. The American Journal of Geriatric Psychiatry, 15, 282–291.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Koenig, H. G. (2009). Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 283–291.CrossRefPubMed Koenig, H. G. (2009). Research on religion, spirituality, and mental health: A review. The Canadian Journal of Psychiatry, 54(5), 283–291.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Koenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J. A. Y., Gerge, L. K., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., & Blazer, D. G. (1997). Attendance at religious services, interleukin-6, and other biological parameters of immune function in older adults. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 27, 233–250.CrossRefPubMed Koenig, H. G., Cohen, H. J. A. Y., Gerge, L. K., Hays, J. C., Larson, D. B., & Blazer, D. G. (1997). Attendance at religious services, interleukin-6, and other biological parameters of immune function in older adults. International Journal of Psychiatry in Medicine, 27, 233–250.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, W. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press. Koenig, H. G., King, D. E., & Carson, W. B. (2012). Handbook of religion and health (2nd ed.). New York, NY: Oxford University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Kravić, N., Pajević, I., & Hasanović, M. (2013). Surviving genocide in Srebrenica during the early childhood and adolescent personality. Croatian Medical Journal, 54(1), 55–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Kravić, N., Pajević, I., & Hasanović, M. (2013). Surviving genocide in Srebrenica during the early childhood and adolescent personality. Croatian Medical Journal, 54(1), 55–64.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Lamovac, T., Bele Potočnik, Ž., & Boben, D. (1990). Upitnik životnog stila i odbrambeni mehanizmi, Informacije. Ljubljana: Centar za psihodijagnostička sredstva. Lamovac, T., Bele Potočnik, Ž., & Boben, D. (1990). Upitnik životnog stila i odbrambeni mehanizmi, Informacije. Ljubljana: Centar za psihodijagnostička sredstva.
Zurück zum Zitat Larson, D. B., & Larson, S. (1994). The forgotten factor in physical and mental health: What does the research show? Rockville, MD: National Institute for Healthcare Research. Larson, D. B., & Larson, S. (1994). The forgotten factor in physical and mental health: What does the research show? Rockville, MD: National Institute for Healthcare Research.
Zurück zum Zitat McKee, D. D., & Chappel, J. N. (1992). Spirituality and medical practice. Journal of Family Practice, 35(2), 205–208. McKee, D. D., & Chappel, J. N. (1992). Spirituality and medical practice. Journal of Family Practice, 35(2), 205–208.
Zurück zum Zitat Newberg, A., d’Aquilli, E., & Rause, V. (2002). Why won’t God go away: Brain science and the biology of belief?. New York: Ballantine Books. Newberg, A., d’Aquilli, E., & Rause, V. (2002). Why won’t God go away: Brain science and the biology of belief?. New York: Ballantine Books.
Zurück zum Zitat Newberg, A., Pourdelnad, M., Alavi, A., & d’Aquilli, E. E. (2003). Cerebral blood flow during meditative prayer: Preliminary findings and methodological issues. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 625–630.CrossRefPubMed Newberg, A., Pourdelnad, M., Alavi, A., & d’Aquilli, E. E. (2003). Cerebral blood flow during meditative prayer: Preliminary findings and methodological issues. Perceptual and Motor Skills, 97, 625–630.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pajević, I. (1998). Islamski način života kao faktor psihičke stabilnosti. Magistarski rad: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli. Pajević, I. (1998). Islamski način života kao faktor psihičke stabilnosti. Magistarski rad: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli.
Zurück zum Zitat Pajević, I., & Hasanović, M. (2009). Spirituality and religiosity in the treatment of mentally disordered persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. European Psychiatry, Abstract book of 17th EPA Congress—Lisbon, Portugal, January 2009, 24(1), S924. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(09)71157-5. Pajević, I., & Hasanović, M. (2009). Spirituality and religiosity in the treatment of mentally disordered persons in Bosnia and Herzegovina. European Psychiatry, Abstract book of 17th EPA Congress—Lisbon, Portugal, January 2009, 24(1), S924. doi:10.​1016/​S0924-9338(09)71157-5.
Zurück zum Zitat Pajević, I., Hasanović, M., & Delić, A. (2007). The influence of religious moral beliefs on adolescents’ mental stability. Psychiatria Danubina, 19(3), 173–183.PubMed Pajević, I., Hasanović, M., & Delić, A. (2007). The influence of religious moral beliefs on adolescents’ mental stability. Psychiatria Danubina, 19(3), 173–183.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pajević, I., Sinanović, O., & Hasanović, M. (2005). Religiosity and mental health. Psychiatria Danubina, 17(1–2), 84–89.PubMed Pajević, I., Sinanović, O., & Hasanović, M. (2005). Religiosity and mental health. Psychiatria Danubina, 17(1–2), 84–89.PubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Pavlović, S. (1998). Psihički poremećaji vojnika u ratu. Magistarski rad: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli. Pavlović, S. (1998). Psihički poremećaji vojnika u ratu. Magistarski rad: Medicinski fakultet Univerziteta u Tuzli.
Zurück zum Zitat Pavlović, S., Hasanović, M., Kravić-Prelić, N., & Pajević, I. (2013). Alcoholic beverages abuse of war veterans during and after the Bosnia–Herzegovina 1992–1995 war. European Psychiatry, Abstracts of the 21th European Congress of Psychiatry. doi:10.1016/S0924-9338(13)77027-5. Pavlović, S., Hasanović, M., Kravić-Prelić, N., & Pajević, I. (2013). Alcoholic beverages abuse of war veterans during and after the Bosnia–Herzegovina 1992–1995 war. European Psychiatry, Abstracts of the 21th European Congress of Psychiatry. doi:10.​1016/​S0924-9338(13)77027-5.
Zurück zum Zitat Piedmont, R. L. (2006). Spirituality as a robust empirical predictor of psychosocial outcomes: As a cross-cultural analysis. In R. Estes (Ed.), Advancing quality of life in a turbulent World (pp. 117–134). New York: Springer.CrossRef Piedmont, R. L. (2006). Spirituality as a robust empirical predictor of psychosocial outcomes: As a cross-cultural analysis. In R. Estes (Ed.), Advancing quality of life in a turbulent World (pp. 117–134). New York: Springer.CrossRef
Zurück zum Zitat Piedmont, R. L. (2009). Personality, spirituality, religiousness, and the personality disodreds: Predictive relations and treatment implications. In P. Huguelet & H. Koenig (Eds.), Religion and spirituality in psychiatry. New York: Cambridge University Press. Piedmont, R. L. (2009). Personality, spirituality, religiousness, and the personality disodreds: Predictive relations and treatment implications. In P. Huguelet & H. Koenig (Eds.), Religion and spirituality in psychiatry. New York: Cambridge University Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Plutchik, R., Kellerman, H., & Conte, H. R. (1979). The structural theory of ego defense and emotions. In C. E. Izard (Ed.), Emotions in personality and psychopatology (pp. 229–257). New York: Plenum Press. Plutchik, R., Kellerman, H., & Conte, H. R. (1979). The structural theory of ego defense and emotions. In C. E. Izard (Ed.), Emotions in personality and psychopatology (pp. 229–257). New York: Plenum Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Reza, M. F., Urakami, Y., & Mano, Y. (2002). Evaluation of a new physical exercise taken from Salah (prayer) as a short-duration and frequent physical activity in the rehabilitation of geriatric and disabled patients. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 22(3–4), 177–180.CrossRefPubMed Reza, M. F., Urakami, Y., & Mano, Y. (2002). Evaluation of a new physical exercise taken from Salah (prayer) as a short-duration and frequent physical activity in the rehabilitation of geriatric and disabled patients. Annals of Saudi Medicine, 22(3–4), 177–180.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., Cohen, R. D., & Kaplan, G. A. (2001). Religious attendance increases survival by improving and maintaining good health behaviors, mental health, and social relationships. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 68–74. doi:10.1207/S15324796ABM23011.CrossRefPubMed Strawbridge, W. J., Shema, S. J., Cohen, R. D., & Kaplan, G. A. (2001). Religious attendance increases survival by improving and maintaining good health behaviors, mental health, and social relationships. Annals of Behavioral Medicine, 23, 68–74. doi:10.​1207/​S15324796ABM2301​1.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Verghese, A., John, J. K., Rajkumar, S., Richard, J., Sethi, B. B., & Trivedi, J. K. (1989). Factors associated with the course and outcome of schizophrenia in India. Results of a 2-year multicentre follow-up study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 499–503.CrossRefPubMed Verghese, A., John, J. K., Rajkumar, S., Richard, J., Sethi, B. B., & Trivedi, J. K. (1989). Factors associated with the course and outcome of schizophrenia in India. Results of a 2-year multicentre follow-up study. British Journal of Psychiatry, 154, 499–503.CrossRefPubMed
Zurück zum Zitat Wahbeh, H., HaywoodA, Kaufman K., Harling, N., & Zwickey, H. (2009). Mind–body medicine and immune system outcomes: A systematic review. The Open Complementary Medicine Journal, 1, 25–34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral Wahbeh, H., HaywoodA, Kaufman K., Harling, N., & Zwickey, H. (2009). Mind–body medicine and immune system outcomes: A systematic review. The Open Complementary Medicine Journal, 1, 25–34.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral
Zurück zum Zitat Wilson, J. P., & Moran, T. A. (1997). Assessing psychological trauma and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the context of spirituality. In J. P. Wilson & T. Keane (Eds.), A handbook for clinical, medical, and legal practitioners. New York: Guilford Press. Wilson, J. P., & Moran, T. A. (1997). Assessing psychological trauma and post traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) in the context of spirituality. In J. P. Wilson & T. Keane (Eds.), A handbook for clinical, medical, and legal practitioners. New York: Guilford Press.
Zurück zum Zitat Yücel, S. (2010). Prayer and healing: With addendum of 25 remedies for the sick by Said Nursi. New Jersey: Tughra Books. Yücel, S. (2010). Prayer and healing: With addendum of 25 remedies for the sick by Said Nursi. New Jersey: Tughra Books.
Metadaten
Titel
Association of Islamic Prayer with Psychological Stability in Bosnian War Veterans
verfasst von
Izet Pajević
Osman Sinanović
Mevludin Hasanović
Publikationsdatum
10.06.2017
Verlag
Springer US
Erschienen in
Journal of Religion and Health / Ausgabe 6/2017
Print ISSN: 0022-4197
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-6571
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s10943-017-0431-z

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 6/2017

Journal of Religion and Health 6/2017 Zur Ausgabe