Introduction
Materials and methods
Immunohistochemistry (IHC)
Cell culture and transfection
Cell mobility assays
Sphere Culture and Live/ Dead assay
Statistical analysis
Results
The relationship of ATG4B or pS383/392-ATG4B protein levels with overall and disease-free survival of CRC
Variable | ROC | No. (%) | CHR (95% CI) |
p value
| AHR (95% CI) |
p value
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Overall survival
| ||||||
ATG4B | Low | 63 (53.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 55 (46.6) | 3.13(1.75–5.59) |
< 0.001
| 5.71(3.04–10.70) |
< 0.001
| |
Phospho-ATG4B | Low | 82 (69.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 36 (30.5) | 3.04(1.75–5.26) |
< 0.001
| 2.50(1.34–4.65) |
0.004
| |
ATG4B (L), p-ATG4B (L) | 48 (40.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
ATG4B (H), p-ATG4B (L) | 34 (28,8) | 1.04 (0.58–1.87) | 0.907a | 2.25 (1.04–4.85) | 0.039c | |
ATG4B (L), p-ATG4B (H) | 15 (12.7) | 0.81 (0.34–1.90) | 0.622a | 1.80 (0.66–4.93) | 0.251c | |
ATG4B (H), p-ATG4B (H) | 21 (17.8) | 5.74 (3.18-10.338) |
< 0.001
a
| 8.83 (4.13–18.90) |
< 0.001
c
| |
Disease-free survival
| ||||||
ATG4B | Low | 63 (53.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 55 (46.6) | 2.32(1.37–3.91) |
0.002
| 5.08(2.79–9.22) |
< 0.001
| |
p-ATG4B | Low | 82 (69.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 36 (30.5) | 2.89(1.73–4.84) |
< 0.001
| 2.07(1.18–3.63) |
0.011
| |
ATG4B (L), p-ATG4B (L) | 48 (40.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | |||
ATG4B (H), p-ATG4B (L) | 34 (28,8) | 0.82 (0.46–1.46) | 0.502a | 1.50 (0.75–3.01) | 0.249c | |
ATG4B (L), p-ATG4B (H) | 15 (12.7) | 0.87 (0.40–1.92) | 0.733a | 1.54 (0.63–3.75) | 0.341c | |
ATG4B (H), p-ATG4B (H) | 21 (17.8) | 5.18 (2.95–9.11) |
< 0.001
a
| 6.50 (3.29–12.84) |
< 0.001
c
|
The relationship of demographic, clinicopathologic factors and radiation therapy on ATG4B-mediated poor overall survival
Variable | No. (%) | CHR (95% CI) | p value* | AHR (95% CI) |
p value
†
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
Female | Low | 25 (53.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 22 (46.5) | 2.14 (0.90–5.10) | 0.087 | 3.69 (1.43–9.53) |
0.007
a
| |
Male | Low | 38 (53.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 33 (46.8) | 3.92 (1.79–8.58) |
0.001
| 6.59 (2.81–15.46) |
< 0.001
a
| |
Age, yrs | ||||||
≦ 60 | Low | 22 (48.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 23 (51.1) | 3.45 (1.24–9.60) |
0.018
| 4.94 (1.72–14.24) |
0.003
a
| |
>60 | Low | 41 (56.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 32 (43.8) | 2.94 (1.44–5.98) |
0.003
| 6.74 (2.83–16.01) |
< 0.001
a
| |
Cell differentiation | ||||||
Well | Low | 3 (68.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 1 (32.0) | 434.45 (0.00-8.954E + 12) | 0.616 | 434.45 (0.00-8.954E + 12) | 0.616b | |
Moderate, poor | Low | 60 (44.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 54 (55.9) | 3.07 (1.69–5.58) |
< 0.001
| 5.90 (3.07–11.32) |
< 0.001
b
| |
AJCC pathological stage | ||||||
I, II | Low | 23 (41.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 33 (58.9) | 2.60 (0.85–7.97) | 0.096 | 3.00 (0.85–10.54) | 0.087c | |
III, IV | Low | 40 (64.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 22 (35.5) | 6.18 (3.00-12.72) |
< 0.001
| 6.14 (2.97–12.70) |
< 0.001
c
| |
T classification | ||||||
T1, T2 | Low | 12 (57.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 9 (42.9) | 3.22 (0.59–17.64) | 0.178 | 5.50 (0.61–49.32) | 0.128d | |
T3, T4 | Low | 51 (52.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 46 (47.4) | 3.01 (1.62–5.59) |
< 0.001
| 4.73 (2.40–9.31) |
< 0.001
d
| |
N classification | ||||||
N0 | Low | 27 (42.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 37 (57.8) | 2.60 (1.03–6.56) |
0.043
| 2.65 (0.97–7.25) | 0.059e | |
N1, N2 | Low | 36 (66.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 18 (33.3) | 6.10 (2.77–13.43) |
< 0.001
| 6.02 (2.71–13.35) |
< 0.001
e
| |
Postoperative RT | ||||||
No | Low | 56 (50.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 54 (49.1) | 2.83 (1.56–5.14) |
0.001
| 4.88 (2.59–9.21) |
< 0.001
a
| |
Yes | Low | 7 (87.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 1 (12.5) | 22097.29 (0.00-1.528E + 052) | 0.859 | 22097.29 (0.00-1.528e + 052) | 0.859a |
Variable | No. (%) | CHR (95% CI) | p value* | AHR (95% CI) |
p value
†
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
Female | Low | 35 (74.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 12 (25.5) | 1.98 (0.82–4.78) | 0.127 | 1.03 (0.37–2.90) | 0.953a | |
Male | Low | 47 (66.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 24 (33.8) | 4.04 (1.94–8.40) |
< 0.001
| 3.72 (1.70–8.14) |
0.001
a
| |
Age, years | ||||||
≦ 60 | Low | 29 (64.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 16 (35.6) | 3.73 (1.49–9.35) |
0.005
| 2.30 (0.79–6.65) | 0.125a | |
>60 | Low | 53 (72.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 20 (27.4) | 2.74 (1.36–5.49) |
0.005
| 2.43 (1.14–5.21) |
0.022
a
| |
Cell differentiation | ||||||
Well | Low | 3 (75.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 1 (25.0) | 434.45 (0.00-8.954E + 12) | 0.616 | 92.86 (0.00-13265331940) | 0.636b | |
Moderate, poor | Low | 79 (69.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 35 (30.7) | 2.93 (1.67–5.13) |
< 0.001
| 2.26 (1.27-4.00) |
0.005
b
| |
AJCC pathological stage | ||||||
I, II | Low | 50 (89.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 6 (10.7) | 4.74 (1.53–14.71) |
0.007
| 4.81 (1.53–15.09) |
0.007
c
| |
III, IV | Low | 32 (51.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 30 (48.4) | 2.12 (1.06–4.24) |
0.034
| 2.07 (1.03–4.16) |
0.042
c
| |
T classification | ||||||
T1, T2 | Low | 21 (100.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 0 (0.0) | Incalculable | Incalculable | |||
T3, T4 | Low | 61 (62.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 36 (37.1) | 2.82 (1.57–5.07) |
0.001
| 2.86 (1.51–5.42) |
0.001
d
| |
N classification | ||||||
N0 | Low | 55 (85.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 9 (14.1) | 5.38 (2.17–13.36) |
< 0.001
| 5.32 (1.98–14.27) |
0.001
e
| |
N1, N2 | Low | 27 (50.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 27 (50.0) | 2.19 (1.01–4.76) |
0.047
| 2.12 (0.97–4.64) | 0.060e | |
Postoperative RT | ||||||
No | Low | 79 (71.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 31 (28.2) | 3.90 (2.22–6.87) |
< 0.001
| 3.02 (1.63–5.62) |
< 0.001
a
| |
Yes | Low | 3 (37.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 5 (62.5) | 0.35 (0.02–6.15) | 0.470 | 14.53 (0.00-326310532.6) | 0.757a |
Correlation of the ATG4B and pS383/392-ATG4B protein levels with recurrence of CRC
Variable | No. (%) | CHR (95% CI) | p value* | AHR (95% CI) |
p value
†
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
Female | Low | 25 (53.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 22 (46.5) | 1.70 (0.76–3.84) | 0.199 | 3.18 (1.30–7.80) |
0.012
a
| |
Male | Low | 38 (53.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 33 (46.8) | 2.79 (1.41–5.54) |
0.003
| 6.78 (2.89–15.88) |
< 0.001
a
| |
Age, yrs | ||||||
≦ 60 | Low | 22 (48.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 23 (51.1) | 2.01 (0.87–4.61) | 0.102 | 3.55 (1.41–8.94) |
0.007
a
| |
>60 | Low | 41 (56.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 32 (43.8) | 2.51 (1.28–4.92) |
0.007
| 5.62 (2.50-12.66) |
< 0.001
a
| |
Cell differentiation | ||||||
Well | Low | 3 (68.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 1 (32.0) | 434.45 (0.00-8.954E + 12) | 0.616 | 434.45 (0.00-8.954E + 12) | 0.616b | |
Moderate, poor | Low | 60 (44.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 54 (55.9) | 2.24 (1.31–3.81) |
0.003
| 5.17 (2.80–9.54) |
< 0.001
b
| |
AJCC pathological stage | ||||||
I, II | Low | 12 (57.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 9 (42.9) | 3.11 (1.03–9.38) |
0.044
| 3.60 (1.04–12.46) |
0.043
c
| |
III, IV | Low | 51 (52.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 46 (47.4) | 4.41 (2.24–8.68) |
< 0.001
| 4.37 (2.21–8.65) |
< 0.001
c
| |
T classification | ||||||
T1, T2 | Low | 12 (57.1) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 9 (42.9) | 3.22 (0.59–17.64) | 0.178 | 5.50 (0.61–49.32) | 0.128d | |
T3, T4 | Low | 51 (52.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 46 (47.4) | 2.18 (1.26–3.78) |
0.005
| 3.73 (2.00-6.98) |
< 0.001
d
| |
N classification | ||||||
N0 | Low | 27 (42.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 37 (57.8) | 2.33 (0.98–5.56) | 0.056 | 2.18 (0.86–5.53) | 0.102e | |
N1, N2 | Low | 36 (66.7) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 18 (33.3) | 4.75 (2.29–9.86) |
< 0.001
| 4.69 (2.24–9.80) |
< 0.001
e
| |
Postoperative RT | ||||||
No | Low | 56 (50.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 54 (49.1) | 2.32 (1.34–4.02) |
0.003
| 4.67 (2.53–8.64) |
< 0.001
a
| |
Yes | Low | 7 (87.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 1 (12.5) | 2.96 (0.27–32.84) | 0.376 | 2.96 (0.27–32.84) | 0.376a |
Variable | No. (%) | CHR (95% CI) | p value* | AHR (95% CI) |
p value
†
| |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Sex | ||||||
Female | Low | 35 (74.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 12 (25.5) | 1.78 (0.76–4.85) | 0.184 | 0.75 (0.29–1.94) | 0.549a | |
Male | Low | 47 (66.2) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 24 (33.8) | 4.00 (2.04–7.85) |
< 0.001
| 3.37 (1.67–6.81) |
0.001
a
| |
Age, years | ||||||
≦ 60 | Low | 29 (64.4) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 16 (35.6) | 2.96 (1.31–6.68) |
0.009
| 1.39 (0.58–3.37) | 0.464a | |
>60 | Low | 53 (72.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 20 (27.4) | 2.76 (1.41–5.39) |
0.003
| 2.35 (1.15–4.78) |
0.019
a
| |
Cell differentiation | ||||||
Well | Low | 3 (75.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 1 (25.0) | 434.45 (0.00-8.954E + 12) | 0.616 | Incalculable | ||
Moderate, poor | Low | 79 (69.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 35 (30.7) | 2.78 (1.65–4.69) |
< 0.001
| 2.02 (1.15–3.56) |
0.015
b
| |
AJCC pathological stage | ||||||
I, II | Low | 50 (89.3) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 6 (10.7) | 4.55 (1.63–12.76) |
0.004
| 4.59 (1.62–12.98) |
0.004
c
| |
III, IV | Low | 32 (51.6) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 30 (48.4) | 1.58 (0.85–2.94) | 0.147 | 1.55 (0.83–2.89) | 0.172c | |
T classification | ||||||
T1, T2 | Low | 21 (100.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 0 (0.0) | Incalculable | Incalculable | |||
T3, T4 | Low | 61 (62.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 36 (37.1) | 2.46 (1.43–4.21) |
0.001
| 2.01 (1.16–3.48) |
0.013
d
| |
N classification | ||||||
N0 | Low | 55 (85.9) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 9 (14.1) | 4.92 (2.10–11.50) |
< 0.001
| 4.38 (1.76–10.91) |
0.001
e
| |
N1, N2 | Low | 27 (50.0) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 27 (50.0) | 1.65 (0.83–3.28) | 0.151 | 1.61 (0.80–3.21) | 0.180e | |
Postoperative RT | ||||||
No | Low | 79 (71.8) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 31 (28.2) | 3.51 (2.05–6.01) | < 0.001 | 2.51 (1.41–4.46) |
0.002
a
| |
Yes | Low | 3 (37.5) | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
High | 5 (62.5) | 0.30 (0.03–3.36) | 0.331 | 0.38(0.02–6.10) | 0.490a |