1 Introduction
2 Methods
2.1 Patient selection
2.2 Periprocedural management
2.3 Irrigated RF ablation
2.4 Cryoballoon ablation
2.5 Clinical follow-up
2.6 Study endpoints
2.7 Statistical analysis
3 Results
3.1 Patient characteristics
CB-2 group (n = 148) | RF group (n = 176) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Age, years | 78.9 ± 2.32 | 78.8 ± 2.47 | 0.585 |
Male sex, n (%) | 74 (50) | 83 (47.2) | 0.656 |
Short-lasting persistent AF, n (%) | 51 (35.1) | 57 (33) | 0.68 |
BMI | 23.0 ± 3.8 | 23.6 ± 4. | 0.191 |
LVEF (%) | 58.4 ± 5.8 | 57.1 ± 5.9 | 0.055 |
LA diameter, mm | 42.1 ± 4.1 | 43.0 ± 4.2 | 0.053 |
CHA2DS2-VASC score | 3.09 ± 0.79 | 3.07 ± 0.94 | 0.829 |
HAS-BLED score | 1.83 ± 0.88 | 1.80 ± 1.00 | 0.777 |
Medical history, n (%) | |||
Coronary artery disease, n (%) | 54 (36.5) | 75 (42.6) | 0.305 |
LV hypertrophy, n (%) | 1 (0.7) | 1 (0.6) | 1.000 |
Chronic kidney disease, n (%) | 4 (2.7) | 6 (3.4) | 0.759 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 74 (50) | 90(51.1) | 0.911 |
Hyperlipidemia, n (%) | 32 (21.6) | 39 (22.2) | 1.000 |
Diabetes, n (%) | 25 (16.9) | 38 (21.6) | 0.325 |
Warfarin after ablation, n (%) | 47 (31.8) | 87(49.4) | 0.002 |
New oral anticoagulants, n (%) | 101(68.2) | 89(50.6) | 0.008 |
Contact-force catheter applied in the RF ablation, n (%) | – | 48(27.3) | – |
3.2 Procedural results
CB-2 group (n = 148) | RF group (n = 176) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
Pulmonary vein isolation rate (%) | 97.8 | 98.4 | 0.416 |
Procedure time, min | 112.9 ± 11.1 | 135.1 ± 9.9 | < 0.001 |
The left atrial dwell time, min | 53.7 ± 8.9 | 65.1.9 ± 9.0 | < 0.001 |
Fluoroscopy time, min | 22.1 ± 3.3 | 18.5 ± 3.6 | < 0.001 |
3.3 Complications
CB-2 group (n = 148) | RF group (n = 176) | P value | |
---|---|---|---|
ERAA, n (%) | 21 (14.2) | 38 (23.3) | 0.047 |
Recurrent atrial arrhythmia, n (%) | 35 (24.3) | 50 (27.8) | 0.375 |
Complications, n (%) | 5 (3.3) | 11(6.2) | 0.307 |
Hematoma, n (%) | 2 (1.4) | 5 (2.8) | 0.460 |
Stroke, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0.457 |
Phrenic nerve palsy, n (%) | 1 (0.6) | 0 | 0.275 |
Inguinal pseudoaneurysms, n (%) | 0 | 1 (0.6) | 1.000 |
Pericardial tamponade, n (%) | 1 | 2 (1.1) | 1.000 |
Pericardial effusion, n (%) | 0 | 2 (1.1) | 0.502 |
Shock, n (%) | 0 | 1 (1.1) | 1.000 |
The length of stay after ablation (days) | 1.94 ± 1.1 | 2.53 ± 1.6 | < 0.001 |
Costs (CNY) | 91,132.6 ± 3723.5 | 81,149.4 ± 6824.1 | < 0.001 |
Procedure equipment and disposable supplies costs | 75,734.8 ± 1169.1 | 63,550.5 ± 5496.0 | < 0.001 |
Procedure costs | 6249.3 ± 318.0 | 7319.4 ± 355.3 | < 0.001 |
Diagnostic costs | 3341.4 ± 843.5 | 3459.7 ± 1201.8 | 0.315 |
Medication costs | 4322.7 ± 773.3 | 4109.1 ± 1169.4 | 0.058 |
Comprehensive medical costs | 2249.9 ± 423.2 | 2384.4 ± 557.0 | 0.014 |