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Clinical Pharmacokinetics
Erschienen in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics 9/2018

13.02.2018 | Systematic Review

Augmented Renal Clearance in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review

verfasst von: Idoia Bilbao-Meseguer, Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón, Helena Barrasa, Arantxazu Isla, María Ángeles Solinís

Erschienen in: Clinical Pharmacokinetics | Ausgabe 9/2018

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Abstract

Background

Traditionally, renal function in critically ill patients has been assessed to identify renal dysfunction, and dose adjustment is generally accepted in such a context. Nevertheless, augmented renal clearance (ARC) is a less well-studied phenomenon that could lead to faster elimination of drugs, resulting in subtherapeutic concentrations and poorer clinical outcomes when standard dosage guidelines are followed.

Objective

The aim of this systematic review was to gather and summarise all the available evidence on ARC in critically ill patients, including its definition, underlying mechanisms, epidemiology, diagnosis and impact on both drug pharmacokinetics and clinical outcomes.

Method

A systematic review was conducted to include all the original studies that provided information on ARC in critically ill patients, and is reported following the Preferred Reporting Items for Systematic Reviews and Meta-Analyses (PRISMA) guidelines.

Results

Augmented renal clearance, defined as a creatinine clearance (CrCl) > 130 mL/min/1.73 m2, preferably measured in urine, is present in 20–65% of critically ill patients. Younger age, polytrauma and lower severity illness have been identified as risk factors. An influence of ARC on antimicrobial pharmacokinetics has been observed, with ARC consistently being associated with subtherapeutic antibiotic plasma concentrations.

Conclusion

ARC is a prevalent condition in critically ill patients, especially in young people, with urinary CrCl being the best diagnostic method because mathematical estimates tend to underestimate CrCl. ARC increases renal drug elimination and has a clear influence on certain antimicrobial plasma levels, but is yet to define its impact on clinical outcomes and on pharmacokinetics of other types of drugs. Research on the need to stage ARC and establish specific dosing guidelines is warranted.
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Metadaten
Titel
Augmented Renal Clearance in Critically Ill Patients: A Systematic Review
verfasst von
Idoia Bilbao-Meseguer
Alicia Rodríguez-Gascón
Helena Barrasa
Arantxazu Isla
María Ángeles Solinís
Publikationsdatum
13.02.2018
Verlag
Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in
Clinical Pharmacokinetics / Ausgabe 9/2018
Print ISSN: 0312-5963
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1926
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s40262-018-0636-7

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