Background
Methods
Patient selection
Data collection and detection of autoantibodies
Search strategy
Definitions
Statistical analysis
Results
General characteristics of Study subjects
Items | Male (n = 393) n(%) | Female (n = 164) n(%) | Overall (n = 557) n(%) |
---|---|---|---|
Body mass index, kg/m2a | 26.56 ± 105.94 | 20.89 ± 3.58 | 24.89 ± 89.01 |
Age at the onset of CP, ya | 38.89 ± 15.86 | 31.09 ± 17.05 | 36.60 ± 16.59 |
Age at the diagnosis of CP, ya | 43.60 ± 14.40 | 36.57 ± 16.00 | 41.53 ± 15.22 |
Etiology | |||
ACP | 97(24.7) | 15(9.1) | 112(20.1) |
ICP | 266(67.7) | 126(76.8) | 392(70.4) |
Abnormal anatomy of pancreatic duct | 18(4.6) | 11(6.7) | 29(5.2) |
Hereditary CP | 11(2.8) | 11(6.7) | 22(3.9) |
Post-traumatic CP | 1(0.3) | 1(0.6) | 2(0.4) |
Pancreatic stones | 363(92.4) | 153(93.3) | 517(92.6) |
Adolescent | 40(10.2) | 32(19.5) | 72(12.9) |
DM | 102(26.0) | 33(20.1) | 135(24.2) |
Steatorrhea | 91(23.2) | 41(25.0) | 132(23.7) |
Common bile duct stricture | 40(10.2) | 7(14.9) | 47(8.4) |
PPC | 74(18.8) | 20(12.2) | 94(16.9) |
SAP | 13(3.3) | 4(2.4) | 17(3.0) |
Onset manifestations | |||
Abdominal pain | 320(81.4) | 116(70.7) | 436(78.3) |
Pancreatic insufficiency | 53(13.5) | 35(21.3) | 88(15.8) |
Others | 20(5.1) | 13(7.9) | 33(5.9) |
Type of abdominal pain | |||
None | 31(7.9) | 26(15.9) | 57(10.2) |
Repeat attacks of acute pancreatitis | 120(30.5) | 45(27.4) | 165(29.6) |
Repeat pain | 138(35.1) | 57(34.8) | 195(35.0) |
Repeat acute attacks and pain | 71(18.1) | 25(15.2) | 96(17.2) |
Chronic pain | 33(8.4) | 11(6.7) | 44(7.9) |
Drinking history (g/d) | |||
0 | 223(56.7) | 130(79.3) | 353(63.4) |
< 20 | 13(3.3) | 5(3.0) | 18(3.2) |
20~80 | 53(13.5) | 10(6.1) | 63(11.3) |
> 80 | 104(26.5) | 19(11.6) | 123(22.1)b |
Smoking history, pack-year | |||
0 | 212(53.9) | 130(79.3) | 342(61.4) |
< 60 | 161(41.0) | 32(19.5) | 193(34.6) |
≥ 60 | 20(5.1) | 2(1.2) | 22(3.9) |
DM in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 57(14.5) | 28(17.1) | 85(15.3) |
Pancreatic diseases in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 12(3.1) | 7(4.3) | 19(3.4) |
Elevated IgGc | 16(4.1) | 3(1.8) | 19(3.4) |
Elevated IgG4c | 19(4.8) | 2(1.2) | 21(3.8) |
Comparison of frequency of autoantibodies between non-AIP CP patients and historial healthy controls
Autoantibody | non-AIP CP patients | Historial Healthy controls |
P
| ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Positive | Negative | Frequency (%) | Positive | Negative | Frequency (%) | ||
Anti-β2-glycoprotein I antibody | 51 | 506 | 9.16 | 37 | 1839 | 1.97 | < 0.001 |
Anti-smooth muscle antibody | 17 | 540 | 3.05 | 24 | 302 | 7.36 | 0.003 |
Anticardiolipin antibody | 16 | 541 | 2.87 | 93 | 1431 | 6.10 | 0.003 |
Anti-mitochondrial antibody | 9 | 548 | 1.62 | 14 | 1340 | 1.03 | 0.224 |
Anti SS-B antibody | 9 | 548 | 1.62 | 4 | 1659 | 0.24 | < 0.001 |
Anti-double-stranded DNA antibody | 8 | 549 | 1.44 | 0 | 202 | 0 | 0.190 |
Anti-single-stranded DNA antibody | 6 | 551 | 1.08 | 14 | 568 | 2.41 | 0.088 |
Anti-histone antibody | 5 | 552 | 0.90 | 14 | 711 | 1.93 | 0.129 |
Anti-ribonucleoprotein antibody | 3 | 554 | 0.54 | 13 | 1078 | 1.19 | 0.201 |
Anti-proteinase 3 IgG antibody | 3 | 554 | 0.54 | 0 | 237 | 0 | 0.558 |
Anti-PM-Scl antibody | 2 | 555 | 0.36 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-neutrophil cytoplasmic antibody | 2 | 555 | 0.36 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-ribosomal antibody | 2 | 555 | 0.36 | – | – | – | – |
Anti SS-A antibody | 1 | 556 | 0.18 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-Jo-1 antibody | 1 | 556 | 0.18 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-SM antibody | 1 | 556 | 0.18 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-myeloperoxidase antibody | 1 | 556 | 0.18 | – | – | – | – |
anti-neutrophil perinuclear antibody | 1 | 556 | 0.18 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-proliferating cell nuclear antigen antibody | 1 | 556 | 0.18 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-Scl 70 antibody | 0 | 556 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-nucleosome antibodies | 0 | 556 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
Anti-glomerular basement membrane antibody | 0 | 556 | 0 | – | – | – | – |
Related factors for positive β2-GPI antibody in non-AIP CP patients
Predictors | Positiven(n = 51) | Negetive(n = 506) |
P
|
---|---|---|---|
Female sex | 15(29.4) | 149(29.4) | 0.996 |
BMI, kg/m2 | 21.49 ± 3.06a | 25.23 ± 93.39 | 0.775 |
Age at the onset of CP, ya | 40.31 ± 18.54a | 36.22 ± 16.36 | 0.093 |
Age at the diagnosis of CP, ya | 46.09 ± 15.33a | 41.07 ± 15.15 | 0.135 |
Etiology | 0.410 | ||
ACP | 6(11.8) | 106(20.9) | |
ICP | 41(80.4) | 351(69.4) | |
Abnormal anatomy of pancreatic duct | 1(2.0) | 28(5.5) | |
Hereditary CP | 3(5.9) | 19(3.8) | |
Post-traumatic CP | 0(0) | 2(0.4) | |
Pancreatic stones | 46(90.2) | 470(92.9) | 0.675 |
Adolescent | 5(9.8) | 67(13.2) | 0.486 |
DM | 22(43.1) | 113(22.3) | 0.001 |
Steatorrhea | 14(27.5) | 118(23.3) | 0.508 |
Common bile duct stricture | 11(19.6) | 37(7.3) | 0.006 |
PPC | 8(15.7) | 86(17.0) | 0.812 |
SAP | 2(3.9) | 15(3.0) | 1.000 |
Onset manifestations | 0.110 | ||
Abdominal pain | 35(68.6) | 401(79.2) | |
Pancreatic insufficiency | 10(19.6) | 78(15.4) | |
Others | 6(11.8) | 27(5.3) | |
Type of pain | 0.576 | ||
None | 7(13.7) | 50(9.9) | |
Repeat attacks of acute pancreatitis | 14(27.5) | 151(29.8) | |
Repeat pain | 21(41.2) | 174(34.4) | |
Repeat acute attacks and pain | 7(13.7) | 89(17.6) | |
Chronic pain | 2(3.9) | 42(8.3) | |
Drinking history (g/d) | 0.078 | ||
0 | 38(74.5) | 315(62.3) | |
< 20 | 1(2.0) | 17(3.4) | |
20~80 | 5(9.8) | 58(11.5) | |
> 80 | 7(13.7) | 116(22.9) | |
Smoking history, pack-year | 0.020 | ||
0 | 39(76.5) | 303(59.9) | |
< 60 | 11(21.6) | 182(36.0) | |
≥ 60 | 1(2.0) | 21(4.2) | |
DM in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 3(5.9) | 82(16.2) | 0.051 |
Pancreatic diseases in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 0(0) | 19(3.8) | 0.316 |
Elevated IgGb | 3(5.9) | 16(3.2) | 0.538 |
Elevated IgG4b | 5(9.8) | 16(3.2) | 0.047 |
Predictors | Univariate Analysis | Multivariate Analysis | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
OR(95% CI) |
P
| OR(95% CI) |
P
| |
Female sex | 1.042(0.509–2.130) | 0.911 | ||
BMI, kg/m2 | 0.998(0.987–1.009) | 0.751 | ||
Age at the onset of CP, ya | 0.992(0.954–1.031) | 0.684 | ||
Age at the diagnosis of CP, ya | 1.028(0.986–1.071) | 0.195 | ||
Etiology | 0.812 | |||
ACP | Control | |||
ICP | 0.991(0.059–16.668) | 0.995 | ||
Abnormal anatomy of pancreatic duct | 0.377(0.013–11.052) | 0.571 | ||
Hereditary CP | 1.770(0.164–19.055) | 0.638 | ||
Post-traumatic CP | 0(0) | 0.999 | ||
Pancreatic stones | 0.680(0.220–2.103) | 0.503 | ||
Adolescent | 1.167(0.318–4.284) | 0.816 | ||
DM | 2.315(1.174–4.566) | 0.015 | 2.768(1.510–5.072) | 0.001 |
Steatorrhea | 1.462(0.705–3.033) | 0.307 | ||
Common bile duct stricture | 2.785(1.159–6.693) | 0.022 | 2.952(1.343–6.489) | 0.007 |
PPC | 0.938(0.397–2.215) | 0.883 | ||
SAP | 0.906(0.160–5.139) | 0.911 | ||
Onset manifestations | 0.240 | |||
Abdominal pain | Control | |||
Pancreatic insufficiency | 1.081(0.414–2.821) | 0.874 | ||
Others | 2.949(0.780–11.145) | 0.111 | ||
Type of pain | 0.879 | |||
None | Control | |||
Repeat attacks of acute pancreatitis | 1.131(0.292–4.377) | 0.858 | ||
Repeat pain | 1.121(0.331–3.797) | 0.854 | ||
Repeat acute attacks and pain | 1.132(0.245–5.243) | 0.874 | ||
Chronic pain | 0.470(0.070–3.155) | 0.437 | ||
Drinking history (g/d) | 0.828 | |||
0 | Control | |||
< 20 | 0.488(0.056–4.282) | 0.517 | ||
20~80 | 0.649(0.209–2.138) | 0.497 | ||
> 80 | 0.634(0.043–9.452) | 0.741 | ||
Smoking history, pack-year | 0.445 | |||
0 | Control | |||
< 60 | 0.565(0.230–1.386) | 0.213 | ||
≥ 60 | 0.533(0.058–4.928) | 0.579 | ||
DM in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 0.272(0.076–0.076) | 0.045 | 0.266(0.079–0.897) | 0.033 |
Pancreatic diseases in first−/second−/third-degree relatives | 0(0) | 0.999 | ||
Elevated IgGb | 1.639(0.409–6.564) | 0.485 | ||
Elevated IgG4b | 2.797(0.814–9.614) | 0.103 |