Background
Methods
Patients and clinical databases
Immunohistochemistry
Statistical analysis
Results
B4GALT1 intensity by IHC and its connection to MIBC pathological characteristics
Characteristic | Training set (n = 142) | Validation set (n = 112) | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Patients | B4GALT1 expression | Patients | B4GALT1 expression | |||||||
NO. | % | Low | High |
P
| NO. | % | Low | High |
P
| |
Age, years | 0.614 | 0.763 | ||||||||
Mean ± SD | 62.4 ± 10.8 | 61.8 ± 10.9 | 62.7 ± 10.8 | 61.5 ± 8.7 | 61.8 ± 9.7 | 61.3 ± 7.6 | ||||
Range, median | 30–82,62 | 34–82,62 | 30–82,62 | 35–81,62 | 35–81,62 | 46–75,61 | ||||
Gender | 0.925 | 0.581 | ||||||||
Male | 118 | 83.1 | 45 | 73 | 97 | 86.6 | 48 | 49 | ||
Female | 24 | 16.9 | 10 | 14 | 15 | 13.4 | 9 | 6 | ||
Tumor size, cm | 0.053 | 0.411 | ||||||||
Mean ± SD | 3.8 ± 1.9 | 4.2 ± 2.1 | 3.6 ± 1.7 | 3.8 ± 1.8 | 3.9 ± 2.0 | 3.7 ± 1.6 | ||||
Range | 0.5–10.0 | 1.0–10.0 | 0.5–8.0 | 0.8–9.5 | 0.8–9.5 | 1.3–9.0 | ||||
pT stage | 0.971 | 0.720 | ||||||||
T2 | 68 | 47.9 | 27 | 41 | 49 | 43.8 | 27 | 22 | ||
T3 | 48 | 33.8 | 18 | 30 | 49 | 43.8 | 23 | 26 | ||
T4 | 26 | 18.3 | 10 | 16 | 14 | 12.4 | 7 | 7 | ||
Grade | 0.017 | 0.950 | ||||||||
low | 24 | 16.9 | 15 | 9 | 11 | 9.8 | 6 | 5 | ||
high | 118 | 83.1 | 40 | 78 | 101 | 90.2 | 51 | 50 | ||
LVI | 0.157 | 0.741 | ||||||||
absent | 53 | 37.3 | 25 | 28 | 78 | 69.6 | 41 | 37 | ||
present | 89 | 62.7 | 30 | 59 | 34 | 30.4 | 16 | 18 | ||
CCI | 0.116 | 0.263 | ||||||||
≤ 1 | 47 | 33.1 | 23 | 24 | 44 | 39.3 | 19 | 25 | ||
≥ 2 | 95 | 66.9 | 32 | 63 | 68 | 60.7 | 38 | 30 |
High B4GALT1 expression is connected to worse OS in MIBC patients, and B4GALT1 expression is a separate indicator of poor survival
Univariate | Multivariate | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HR | 95%CI |
P
| HR | 95%CI |
P
| |
Training cohort | ||||||
Age(continuous) | 1.006 | 0.986 ~ 1.025 | 0.574 | 1.004 | 0.985 ~ 1.024 | 0.661 |
Gender(male vs female) | 0.697 | 0.383 ~ 1.268 | 0.240 | |||
B4GALT1(high vs low) | 1.849 | 1.126 ~ 3.035 | 0.016 | 1.773 | 1.075 ~ 2.924 | 0.026 |
CCI(≥2 vs ≤1) | 1.154 | 0.712 ~ 1.872 | 0.563 | |||
LVI(present vs absent) | 1.449 | 0.898 ~ 2.339 | 0.131 | |||
pN(N+ vs N-) | 1.651 | 0.718 ~ 3.795 | 0.240 | |||
pT stage | ||||||
pT3 vs pT2 | 1.063 | 0.625 ~ 1.808 | 0.824 | |||
pT4 vs pT2 | 1.765 | 1.005 ~ 3.100 | 0.049 | |||
TNM stage | ||||||
III vs II | 1.278 | 0.797 ~ 2.051 | 0.312 | 1.220 | 0.759 ~ 1.961 | 0.414 |
IV vs II | 1.877 | 0.784 ~ 4.492 | 0.159 | 1.636 | 0.680 ~ 3.938 | 0.274 |
Validation cohort | ||||||
Age(continuous) | 1.062 | 1.020 ~ 1.105 | 0.004 | 1.050 | 1.006 ~ 1.095 | 0.025 |
Gender(male vs female) | 0.929 | 0.369 ~ 2.337 | 0.876 | |||
B4GALT1(high vs low) | 2.158 | 1.187 ~ 3.923 | 0.012 | 1.862 | 1.016 ~ 3.413 | 0.046 |
CCI(≥2 vs ≤1) | 1.847 | 0.993 ~ 3.438 | 0.054 | |||
LVI(present vs absent) | 1.926 | 1.073 ~ 3.456 | 0.029 | 1.060 | 0.458 ~ 2.452 | 0.893 |
pN(N+ vs N-) | 1.626 | 1.194 ~ 2.213 | 0.002 | |||
pT stage | ||||||
pT3 vs pT2 | 2.708 | 1.426 ~ 5.142 | 0.003 | |||
pT4 vs pT2 | 2.517 | 0.967 ~ 6.550 | 0.060 | |||
TNM stage | ||||||
III vs II | 3.291 | 1.471 ~ 7.362 | 0.004 | 2.555 | 1.126 ~ 5.796 | 0.026 |
IV vs II | 6.290 | 2.874 ~ 13.768 | < 0.001 | 5.230 | 1.962 ~ 13.943 | 0.001 |
Prognostic models with B4GALT1 expression: Extension for MIBC patients
Model | Training cohort | Validation cohort | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
C-index | 95% CI | P value | C-index | 95% CI | P value | |
B4GALT1 (high vs. low) | 0.644 | 0.558 ~ 0.741 | 0.016 | 0.637 | 0.548 ~ 0.726 | 0.028 |
TNM + Grade | 0.700 | 0.606 ~ 0.783 | 0.031 | 0.679 | 0.591 ~ 0.766 | 0.039 |
TNM + Grade + B4GALT1 | 0.744 | 0.653 ~ 0.822 | 0.746 | 0.648 ~ 0.835 |