nach oben

Journal of Public Health

Erschienen in:

15.09.2018 | Original Article

Behavior and attitudes towards smoking among teachers in Turkey

verfasst von: Serap Ozbas, Rustu Onur, Mehmet Ali Alkan

Erschienen in: Journal of Public Health | Ausgabe 3/2019

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Aim

Investigation of the attitudes of teachers who smoke and those who do not smoke is important in terms of their status for being a role model for their students and for intervention and prevention of smoking in a society. This study investigated the behavior and attitudes about smoking among teachers in a province (Şanlıurfa) in Turkey.

Subjects and methods

The data were collected from 546 teachers from public schools. The participants consisted of 291 female (53.3%) and 255 male (46.7%) teachers. These data were collected by convenience sampling. We used the attitude scale towards smoking.

Results

This study indicates that half of the participants were smokers and there were more male smokers than female smokers. Smoker teachers had more positive inclination towards smoking than the non-smokers. Male teachers displayed more favorable attitudes towards smoking than female teachers.

Conclusion

The attitude of teachers towards smoking varied according to their cigarette smoking status. Their behavior and attitudes about smoking corresponded well with cognitive dissonance theory.

Ajili F, Kourda N, Karay S, Darouiche A, Chebil M, Boubaker S (2013) Impact of smoking intensity on outcomes of patients with non muscle invasive bladder cancer treated by BCG immunotherapy. Ultrastruct Pathol 37(4):273–277PubMedCrossRef

Algan Ü (1995) Türkiye’de Turizm Sektörü ve Turizm Sektörü İle İlgili Projeksiyonlar. Çukurova Üniversitesi Sosyal Bilimler Enstitüsü Dergisi 3(3)

Barrueco M, Hernandez-Mezquita MA, Jimenez-Ruiz C, Torrecilla M, Vega MT, Garrido E (2000) Attitudes of teachers about tobacco prevention at school. Allergol Immunopathol 28(4):219–224

Bem DJ (1967) Self-perception: an alternative interpretation of cognitive dissonance phenomena. Psychol Rev 74(3):183–200PubMedCrossRef

Bin Yaacob I, bin Harun MH (1994) Smoking habits and attitudes among secondary school teachers. Southeast Asian J Trop Med Public Health 25(1):74–79PubMed

Blake KD, Viswanath K, Blendon RJ, Vallone D (2009) The role of tobacco-specific media exposure, knowledge, and smoking status on selected attitudes toward tobacco control. Nicotine Tob Res 12(2):117–126PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Blanz M (2015) Forschungsmethoden und Statistik für die Soziale Arbeit: Grundlagen und Anwendungen. Kohlhammer, Stuttgart

Cantu DA (2008) Paradoxical paradigms: A comparative study of discipline-based and education-based history teacher education. Hist Educ 101:3–29

Chen TL, Rakip WR (1975) The effect of the teachers smoking behavior on their involvement in smoking education in the schools. J Sch Health 45(8):455–461PubMedCrossRef

Clark E, McCann TV, Rowe K, Lazenbatt A (2004) Cognitive dissonance and undergraduate nursing students’ knowledge of, and attitudes about, smoking. J Adv Nurs 46(6):586–594PubMedCrossRef

Claus M, Kimbel R, Spahn D, Dudenhöffer S, Rose D-M, Letzel S (2014) Prevalence and influencing factors of chronic back pain among staff at special schools with multiple and severely handicapped children in Germany: results of a cross-sectional study. BMC Musculoskelet Disord 15(1):55PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Çoban SA, Sungur G (2013) Öğretmenlerin sigara kullanım konusundaki davranışları ve görüşleri. Türk Toraks Derg 14(2):98–102

Cohen J (1988) Statistical power analysis for the behavioral sciences, 2nd edn. Lawrence Erlbaum Associates, Hillsdale, NJ

Çoşkun F, Karadağ M, Ursavaş A, Ege E (2010) Öğretmenlerin sigara içme alışkanlıkları ve yeni yasaya bakışları. Solunum 12:119–124

Cote ML, Colt JS, Schwartz KL, Wacholder S, Ruterbusch JJ, Davis F, Purdue M, Graubard BI, Chow WH (2012) Cigarette smoking and renal cell carcinoma risk among black and white Americans: effect modification by hypertension and obesity. Cancer Epidemiol Biomark Prev 21(5):770–779CrossRef

Danacı AE, Yorgancıoğlu A, Çelik P, Topçu F, Şen FS (2000) Manisa ili lise öğretmenlerinin sigara içmeye karşı tutumları. Toraks Dergisi 3:16–20

D’Alessandro A, Boeckelmann I, Hammwhöner M, Goette A (2012) Nicotine, cigarette smoking and cardiac arrhythmia: an overview. Eur J Prev Cardiol 19(3):297–305PubMedCrossRef

De Leeuw RNH, Engels RCME, Vermulst AAV, Scholte RHJ (2008) Do smoking attitudes predict behaviour? A longitudinal study on the bi-directional relations between adolescents’ smoking attitudes and behaviours. Addiction 103(10):1713–1721PubMedCrossRef

De Moor C, Cookson K, Elder JP, Young R, Molgaard CA, Wildey M (1992) The association between teacher attitudes, behavioral intentions, and smoking and the prevalence of smoking among seventh-grade students. Adolescence 27(107):565–578PubMed

Dinç A (2016) Chapter 53. Smoking behaviour among high school teachers in Turkey. In: Adil Çamlı A, Ak B, Arabacı R, Efe R (eds) Recent advances in health sciences. St. Kliment Ohridski University Press, Sofia, pp 572–579

Doll R, Hill AB (2004) The mortality of doctors in relation to their smoking habits: a preliminary report. BMJ 328(7455):1529–1533PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Elkind AK (1985) The social definition of women’s smoking behaviour. Soc Sci Med 20(12):1269–1278PubMedCrossRef

Erbaydar T, Avcı S, Altay G (2003) Öğretmenlerin okul ortamında sigara içilmesi ve öğrencilerin sigara kullanımı konusuna yaklaşımları. MÜ Atatürk Eğitim Fakültesi Eğitim Bilimleri Dergisi Yıl 17:63–74

Ergüder T, Çakır B, Aslan D, Warren CW, Jones NR, Asma S (2008) Evaluation of the use of Global Youth Tobacco Survey (GYTS) data for developing evidence-based tobacco control policies in Turkey. BMC Public Health 8(1):4CrossRef

Erick PN, Smith DR (2013) Prevalence of tobacco smoking among school teachers in Botswana. Tob Induc Dis 11(1):24PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Eriksen M, Mackay J, Schluger N, Gomeshtapeh FI, Drope J (2015) The Tobacco Atlas. Fifth Edition. Revised, expanded, and updated. The American Cancer Society, Atlanta, GA. http://3pk43x313ggr4cy0lh3tctjh.wpengine.netdna-cdn.com/wp-content/uploads/2015/03/TA5_2015_WEB.pdf

Festinger L (1957) A theory of cognitive dissonance. Stanford University Press, Stanford, CA

Fidan F, Sezer M, Demirel R, Kara Z, Ünlü M (2006) Öğretmenlerin sigara içme durumu ve sigara yasağı karşısındaki tutumları. Toraks Dergisi 7(3):196–199

Fotuhi O, Fong GT, Zanna MP, Borland R, Yong HH, Cummings KM (2013) Patterns of cognitive dissonance-reducing beliefs among smokers: a longitudinal analysis from the International Tobacco Control (ITC) Four Country Survey. Tob Control 22(1):52–58PubMedCrossRef

Ganley BJ, Rosario DI (2013) The smoking attitudes, knowledge, intent, and behaviors of adolescents and young adults: implications for nursing practice. J Nurs Educ Pract 3(1):40

GTSS Collaborative Group (2006) A cross country comparison of exposure to secondhand smoke among youth. Tob Control 15(2):4–19

Gu F, Derkach A, Freedman ND, Landi MT, Albanes D, Weinstein SJ et al (2015) Cigarette smoking behaviour and blood metabolomics. Int J Epidemiol 45(5):1421–1432. https://doi.org/10.1093/ije/dyv330 PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Haddad LG, Malak MZ (2002) Smoking habits and attitudes towards smoking among university students in Jordan. Int J Nurs Stud 39(8):793–802PubMedCrossRef

Hanewinkel R, Isensee B, Sargent JD, Morgenstern M (2010) Cigarette advertising and adolescent smoking. Am J Prev Med 38(4):359–366PubMedCrossRef

Heilert D, Kaul A (2017) Smoking behaviour in Germany—evidence from the SOEP. Available online at: http://www.econ.uzh.ch/static/wp/econwp245.pdf

İnce N, Özyıldırım B, İnce H, İşsever H, Malkoç S, Karagöz Z et al (2010) İstanbul’daki (Silivri) Öğretmenlerde Mesleksel Maruziyete Bağli Hastaliklarin Araştirilmasi. Nobel Med 2012 8(1):35–41 http://www.nobelmedicus.com/Content/1/22/35-41.pdf

Johnson RE (1968) Smoking and the reduction of cognitive dissonance. J Pers Soc Psychol 9(3):260–265PubMedCrossRef

Jyrkkiö S, Boström P, Minn H (2012) Smoking and cancer—what are the benefits of cessation? Duodecim 128(10):1081–1087PubMed

Kleinjan M, van den Eijnden RJ, Dijkstra A, Brug J, Engels RC (2006) Excuses to continue smoking: the role of disengagement beliefs in smoking cessation. Addict Behav 31(12):2223–2237PubMedCrossRef

Konan N (2012) İlköğretim okulu ve lise öğretmenlerinin sigara içme alışkanlıkları. Sosyal Bilimler Dergisi 2(4):74–98

Korzeniowska K, Cieślewicz A, Zasadzka E, Borowicz A, Pawlaczyk M, Jabłecka A (2015) Analysis of the problem of addiction in the elderly. Przegl Lek 72(3):111–114PubMed

Kusma B, Quarcoo D, Vitzthum K, Welte T, Mache S, Meyer-Falcke A et al (2010) Berlin’s medical students’ smoking habits, knowledge about smoking and attitudes toward smoking cessation counseling. J Occup Med Toxicol 5(1):9PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Kutlu R, Çivi S (2007) The frequency and affecting factors of smoking among the high school teachers in Konya. TAF Prev Med Bull 6:273–278

Macy JT, Chassin L, Presson CC (2012) Smoking behaviors and attitudes during adolescence prospectively predict support for tobacco control policies in adulthood. Nicotine Tob Res 14(7):871–879PubMedCrossRef

Mermer G, Daghan S, BiIge A, Dönmez RÖ, Özsoy S, Günay T (2016) Prevalence of tobacco use among school teachers and effect of training on tobacco use in western Turkey. Cent Eur J Public Health 24(2):137PubMedCrossRef

Milli Eğitim Bakanlığı (MEB) (2015) Millî Eğitim İstatistikleri. Örgün Eğitim. National Education Statistics. Formal Education. 2014/’15. Available online at: http://sgb.meb.gov.tr/istatistik/meb_istatistikleri_orgun_egitim_2014_2015.pdf

Morgenstern M, Wiborg G, Hanewinkel R (2008) Acceptance of a total smoking ban in schools: students’ attitudes. Gesundheitswesen 70(6):360–363PubMedCrossRef

Official Gazette (2015) Yönetmelik. Millî Eğitim Bakanlığından: Millî Eğitim Bakanlığı Öğretmen Atama ve Yer Değiştirme Yönetmeliği. Sayı: 29329. Available online at: http://www.resmigazete.gov.tr/eskiler/2015/04/20150417-4.htm

Orcullo DJC, San TH (2016) Understanding cognitive dissonance in smoking behaviour: a qualitative study. Int J Soc Sci Humanit 6(6):481–484CrossRef

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2013) OECD health statistics 2013; national sources for non-OECD countries. https://doi.org/10.1787/health-data-en

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development OECD (2014) OECD Economic Surveys: Turkey 2014. OECD Publishing. https://doi.org/10.1787/eco_surveystur-2014-en

Organisation for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) (2015) Education at a glance 2015. OECD indicators. Available online at: http://download.ei-ie.org/Docs/WebDepot/EaG2015_EN.pdf

Pericas J, Gonzalez S, Bennasar M, De Pedro J, Aguilo A, Bauza L (2009) Cognitive dissonance towards the smoking habit among nursing and physiotherapy students at the University of Balearic Islands in Spain. Int Nurs Rev 56(1):95–101PubMedCrossRef

Pervin LA, Yatko RJ (1965) Cigarette smoking and alternative methods of reducing dissonance. J Pers Soc Psychol 2(1):30–36PubMedCrossRef

Piontek D, Buehler A, Donath C, Floeter S, Rudolph U, Metz K et al (2008) School context variables and students’ smoking. Eur Addict Res 14(1):53–60PubMedCrossRef

Public Health Institution of Turkey (2012) Global Adult Tobacco Survey – Turkey 2012. http://www.halksagligiens.hacettepe.edu.tr/KYTA_TR.pdf

Rakete G, Strunk M, Lang P (2010) Smoking prevention in schools. A model for success. Bundesgesundheitsbl Gesundheitsforsch Gesundheitsschutz 53(2):170–177CrossRef

Reuband KH (2014) Tobacco consumption in a changing society. Extent of consumption and attitudes to smoking bans, Düsseldorf 1997–2009. Gesundheitswesen 76(1):32–40 https://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pubmed/23564265 PubMed

Schumann A, John U, Thyrian JR, Ulbricht S, Hapke U, Meyer C (2006) Attitudes towards smoking policies and tobacco control measures in relation to smoking status and smoking behaviour. Eur J Public Health 16(5):513–519PubMedCrossRef

Shore TH, Tashchian A, Adams JS (2000) Development and validation of a scale measuring attitudes toward smoking. J Soc Psychol 140:615–623PubMedCrossRef

Simmons VN, Webb MS, Brandon TH (2004) College-student smoking: an initial test of an experiential dissonance-enhancing intervention. Addict Behav 29(6):1129–1136PubMedCrossRef

Süssenbach P, Niemeier S, Glock S (2013) Effects of and attention to graphic warning labels on cigarette packages. Psychol Health 28(10):1192–1206PubMedCrossRef

Tagliacozzo R (1979) Smokers’ self-categorization and the reduction of cognitive dissonance. Addict Behav 4:393–399PubMedCrossRef

The World Bank (2014) Turkey. Data. Available online at: http://data.worldbank.org/country/turkey

TUİK (2009) Küresel Yetişkin Tütün Araştırması. 2008. Haber Bülteni. 30

Tuncer D (2008) Sigaranın Ağız ve Diş Sağlığı Üzerine Etkileri. Klasmat Matbaacılık, Ankara

Ünal Ç (2008) İnsani Gelişmişlik Endeksine Göre Türkiye’nin bölgesel farklılıkları. Coğrafi Bilimler Dergisi 6(2):89–113

Uzuner A, Kaya HT, Akman M, Yalçın N, Yavuzer Ö, Akturan S (2015) Öğretmenlerin sağlık durumuna bir bakış: Kesitsel bir çalışma. J Turk Fam Physician 6(1):1–10

Vitzthum K, Koch F, Groneberg DA, Kusma B, Mache S, Marx P et al (2013) Smoking behaviour and attitudes among German nursing students. Nurse Educ Pract 13(5):407–412PubMedCrossRef

Wen M, Van Duker H, Olson LM (2009) Social contexts of regular smoking in adolescence: towards a multidimensional ecological model. J Adolesc 32(3):671–692PubMedCrossRef

World Health Organization (WHO) (2008) WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2008: the MPOWER package

World Health Organization (WHO) (2012) Turkey’s transformation. Bull World Health Organ 90(6):401–476. http://www.who.int/bulletin/volumes/90/6/12-030612/en

World Health Organization (WHO) (2013) WHO report on the global tobacco epidemic, 2013: enforcing bans on tobacco advertising, promotion and sponsorship. World Health Organization

World Health Organization (WHO) FCTC (2013) Signature and ratification. http://www.who.int/fctc/protocol/protocol_sign/en/. Accessed 29 Aug 2017

World Health Organization (WHO) (2015) WHO global report on trends in prevalence of tobacco smoking 2015. Available online at: http://apps.who.int/iris/bitstream/10665/156262/1/9789241564922_eng.pdf

Xu X, Liu L, Sharma M, Zhao Y (2015) Smoking-related knowledge, attitudes, behaviors, smoking cessation idea and education level among young adult male smokers in Chongqing, China. Int J Environ Res Public Health 12:2135–2149PubMedPubMedCentralCrossRef

Titel: Behavior and attitudes towards smoking among teachers in Turkey
verfasst von: Serap Ozbas
Rustu Onur
Mehmet Ali Alkan
Publikationsdatum: 15.09.2018
Verlag: Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in: Journal of Public Health / Ausgabe 3/2019
Print ISSN: 2198-1833
Elektronische ISSN: 1613-2238
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10389-018-0961-1

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Aim

Subjects and methods

Results

Conclusion

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 3/2019

Informal health care: examining the role of women and challenges faced as caregivers in rural and urban settings in Ghana

Self-rated health status and its correlates among the elderly in India

Sun protective behaviours during maximum exposure to ultraviolet radiation when undertaking outdoor activities: an integrated literature review

Built environment correlates of walking for recreation or exercise

Factors associated with non-utilization of maternal and child health services in Nigeria: results from the 2013 Nigeria demographic and health survey

Consensus development of components of continuity of care for stroke patients: a Delphi methodology