Fig. 2a–c
Test sequence. a Using anterior two-point stabilisation with improved screw holding strength, the study investigated whether two-point stabilisation, which is easier to implant endoscopically, provides sufficient biomechanical stability in both mono- and bisegmental fixation. HMA System (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany). b The increase in stability with anterior four-point stabilisation compared to two-point stabilisation was investigated in a model of bisegmental stabilisation. US System/ Ventrofix (Stratec, Oberdorf, Switzerland). c Finally, mono- and bisegmental stabilisation during instrumentation with four-point stabilisation that can be implanted completely endoscopically was compared biomechanically(3–5, 10, 20–25). MACS TL System (Aesculap, Tuttlingen, Germany)