Background
Methods
Participants
Data collection
Ethics statement
Statistical analysis
Results
Study and participant characteristics
Characteristics | Variables | Number | Percent |
---|---|---|---|
Age (y) | 20–29 | 36 | 38.7 |
30–39 | 32 | 34.3 | |
40–49 | 14 | 15.1 | |
≥ 50 | 11 | 11.8 | |
Occupation | Physicians | 58 | 62.4 |
Nurse | 35 | 37.6 | |
Gender | Male | 37 | 39.8 |
Female | 56 | 60.2 | |
Marital status | Married | 58 | 62.4 |
Unmarried | 35 | 37.6 | |
Years of practice (y) | < 5 | 28 | 30.1 |
5–10 | 25 | 26.9 | |
10–20 | 15 | 16.1 | |
> 20 | 25 | 26.9 | |
Working hours per day (h) | ≤ 10 | 67 | 72.0 |
> 10 | 26 | 28.0 | |
Education level | < Undergraduate degree | 27 | 29.1 |
Undergraduate degree | 47 | 50.5 | |
≥ Postgraduate degree | 19 | 20.4 |
Burnout levels and estimated prevalence
Variables | n (%) | Non-burnout, n (%) | Burnout✝, n (%) | χ2 (df) | p value |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Total | 93 | 32 (34.4) | 61 (65.6) | ||
Age (y) | |||||
20–29 | 36 (38.7) | 7 (7.5) | 29 (31.2) | 13.264 (df = 3) | 0.006 ** (Fisher’s exact test) |
30–39 | 32 (34.4) | 9 (9.7) | 23 (24.7) | ||
40–49 | 14 (15.1) | 9 (9.7) | 5 (5.4) | ||
≥ 50 | 11 (11.8) | 7 (7.5) | 4 (4.3) | ||
Occupation | |||||
Physician | 58 (62.4) | 26 (28) | 32 (34.4) | 7.413 (df = 1) | 0.006 ** |
Nurse | 35 (37.6) | 6 (6.5) | 29 (31.2) | ||
Gender | |||||
Male | 37 (39.8) | 18 (19.4) | 19 (20.4) | 5.521 (df = 1) | 0.019 * |
Female | 56 (60.2) | 14 (15.1) | 42 (45.2) | ||
Marital status | |||||
Married | 58 (62.4) | 27 (29) | 31 (33.3) | 10.069 (df = 1) | 0.002 ** |
Unmarried | 35 (37.6) | 5 (5.4) | 30 (32.3) | ||
Years of practice (y) | |||||
< 5 | 28 (30.1) | 5 (5.4) | 23 (24.7) | 11.061 (df = 3) | 0.011 * |
5–10 | 25 (26.9) | 7 (7.5) | 18 (19.4) | ||
11–20 | 15 (16.1) | 6 (6.5) | 9 (9.7) | ||
> 20 | 25 (26.9) | 14 (15.1) | 9 (9.7) | ||
Working hours per day (h) | |||||
≤ 10 | 67 (72.0) | 22 (23.7) | 45 (48.4) | 0.263 (df = 1) | 0.608 |
> 10 | 26 (28.0) | 10 (10.8 | 16 (17.2) | ||
Education level | |||||
< Undergraduate degree | 27 (29.1) | 4 (4.3) | 21 (22.6) | 5.839 (df = 2) | 0.054 |
Undergraduate degree | 47 (50.5) | 19 (20.4) | 28 (30.1) | ||
> Postgraduate degree | 19 (20.4) | 9 (9.7) | 10 (10.8) |
Variables | MBI-HSS subscales score | ||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Emotional exhaustion | Depersonalization | Personal accomplishment | |||||||
Mean ± SD | p value | Post-hoc test (p value) | Mean ± SD | p value | Post-hoc test (p value) | Mean ± SD | p value | Post-hoc test (p value) | |
Age (y) | 0.018* | 0.001** | 0.293 | ||||||
20–29 | 26.47 ± 9.42 | 20–29 vs 30–39 (0.045) | 13.94 ± 5.24 | 20–29 vs 30–39 (0.014) | 31.69 ± 6.75 | ||||
30–39 | 22.35 ± 7.94 | 11.35 ± 4.42 | 34.58 ± 6.38 | ||||||
40–49 | 21.62 ± 6.36 | 9.15 ± 4.54 | 20–29 vs 40–49 (0.002) | 34.31 ± 8.46 | |||||
≥ 50 | 17.55 ± 11.00 | 20–29 vs > 50 (0.004) | 8.09 ± 3.21 | 20–29 vs > 50 (0.001) | 35.36 ± 10.33 | ||||
Occupation | 0.001** | < 0.001** | 0.079 | ||||||
Physician | 20.76 ± 7.91 | 9.57 ± 4.37 | 34.52 ± 7.81 | ||||||
Nurse | 27.29 ± 9.44 | 14.8 ± 4.61 | 31.71 ± 6.55 | ||||||
Gender | 0.006** | 0.012* | 0.614 | ||||||
Male | 25.29 ± 9.04 | 12.61 ± 5.19 | 33.14 ± 6.74 | ||||||
Female | 20.08 ± 8.22 | 9.92 ± 4.62 | 33.95 ± 8.49 | ||||||
Marital status | 0.013* | < 0.001** | 0.043 | ||||||
Married | 21.41 ± 8.66 | 10.1 ± 4.74 | 34.67 ± 8.00 | ||||||
Unmarried | 26.2 ± 9.00 | 13.86 ± 4.92 | 31.46 ± 6.02 | ||||||
Years of practice (y) | 0.037* | 0.005** | 0.491* | ||||||
< 5 | 26.61 ± 9.10 | 13.75 ± 5.38 | < 5 vs > 20 (< 0.001) | 31.68 ± 6.48 | |||||
5–10 | 21.48 ± 8.60 | < 5 vs 5–10 (0.036) | 12.08 ± 4.9 | 5–10 vs > 20 (0.022) | 33.92 ± 6.35 | ||||
10–20 | 24.93 ± 7.69 | 10.93 ± 5.27 | 34 ± 8.07 | ||||||
> 20 | 20.12 ± 9.16 | < 5 vs > 20 (0.009) | 8.88 ± 3.75 | 34.68 ± 9.03 | |||||
Working hours per day (h) | 0.907 | 0.502 | 0.714 | ||||||
≤ 10 | 23.28 ± 9.18 | 11.76 ± 5.19 | 32.79 ± 7.1 | ||||||
> 10 | 23.04 ± 8.86 | 10.96 ± 4.98 | 35.19 ± 8.18 | ||||||
Education level | 0.006** | < 0.001** | 0.052 | ||||||
< undergraduate degree | 27.81 ± 10.02 | 15.41 ± 4.63 | 31.19 ± 6.95 | ||||||
undergraduate degree | 21.23 ± 7.92 | 0.0021 | 10.38 ± 4.63 | 0.0103 | 33.51 ± 7.71 | ||||
≥ Postgraduate degree | 21.58 ± 8.26 | 0.0182 | 8.89 ± 3.84 | < 0.0014 | 36.58 ± 6.64 | 0.0155 |
Variables | Emotional exhaustion | Depersonalization | Personal accomplishment | |||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | Moderate | High | p value (χ2) | Low | Moderate | High | p value (χ2) | Low | Moderate | High | p value (χ2) | |
Age (y), n (%) | 0.027* (13.739) | 0.01** (15.231) | 0.066 (11.34) | |||||||||
20–29 | 9 (9.7) | 8 (8.6) | 19 (20.4) | 2 (2.2) | 7 (7.5) | 27 (29.0) | 7 (7.5) | 4 (4.3) | 25 (26.9) | |||
30–39 | 11 (11.8) | 14 (15.1) | 7 (7.5) | 3 (3.2) | 7 (7.5) | 21 (22.6) | 8 (8.6) | 11 (11.8) | 13 (14.0) | |||
40–49 | 3 (3.2) | 9 (9.7) | 2 (2.2) | 3 (3.2) | 7 (7.5) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (2.2) | 8 (8.6) | |||
≥ 50 | 5 (5.4) | 4 (4.3) | 2 (2.2) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (6.5) | 3 (3.2) | 3 (3.2) | 5 (5.4) | 3 (3.2) | |||
Occupation, n (%) | 0.002** (12.799) | |||||||||||
Physician | 22 (23.7) | 25 (26.9) | 11 (11.8) | 10 (10.8) | 21 (22.6) | 27 (29.0) | 0.002** (12.635) | 16 (17.2) | 16 (17.2) | 26 (28.0) | 0.148 (3.820) | |
Nurse | 6 (6.5) | 10 (10.8) | 19 (20.4) | 0 (0) | 7 (7.5) | 28 (30.1) | 6 (6.5) | 6 (6.5) | 23 (24.7) | |||
Gender, n (%) | 0.022 (7.637) * | 0.195 (3.368) | 0.571 (1.121) | |||||||||
Male | 15 (16.1) | 16 (17.2) | 6 (6.5) | 6 (6.5) | 13 (14.0) | 18 (19.4) | 10 (10.8) | 10 (10.8) | 17 (18.3) | |||
Female | 13 (14.0) | 19 (20.4) | 24 (25.8) | 4 (4.3) | 15 (16.1) | 37 (39.8) | 12 (12.9) | 12 (12.9) | 32 (34.4) | |||
Marital status, n (%) | 0.009** (9.492) | 0.003** (11.766) | 0.056 (5.776) | |||||||||
Married | 20 (21.5) | 26 (28.0) | 12 (12.9) | 7 (7.5) | 24 (3.1) | 27 (29.0) | 17 (18.3) | 16 (17.2) | 25 (26.0) | |||
Unmarried | 8 (8.6) | 9 (9.7) | 18 (19.4) | 3 (3.2) | 4 (4.3) | 28 (30.1) | 5 (5.4) | 6 (6.5) | 24 (25.9) | |||
Educational level, n (%) | 0.291 (2.471) | 0.053 (5.281) | 0.067 (5.412) | |||||||||
≤ Undergraduate | 23 (24.7) | 25 (26.9) | 26 (28.0) | 6 (6.5) | 20 (21.5) | 48 (51.6) | 17 (18.3) | 14 (15.1) | 43 (46.2) | |||
≥ Postgraduate | 5 (5.4) | 10 (10.8) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (4.3) | 8 (8.6) | 7 (7.5) | 5 (5.4) | 8 (8.6) | 6 (6.5) | |||
Years of practice (y), n (%) | 0.097 (10.618) | 0.013 (14.851) * | 0.596 (4.672) | |||||||||
< 5 | 5 (5.4) | 9 (9.7) | 14 (15.1) | 3 (3.2) | 3 (3.2) | 22 (23.7) | 5 (5.4) | 5 (5.4) | 18 (19.4) | |||
5–10 | 12 (12.9) | 7 (7.5) | 6 (6.5) | 2 (2.2) | 6 (6.5) | 17 (18.3) | 4 (4.3) | 8 (8.6) | 13 (14.0) | |||
11–20 | 3 (3.2) | 7 (7.5) | 5 (5.4) | 1 (1.1) | 6 (6.5) | 8 (8.6) | 5 (5.4) | 3 (3.2) | 7 (7.5) | |||
> 20 | 10 (10.8) | 12 (12.9) | 5 (5.4) | 4 (4.3) | 13 (14.0) | 8 (8.6) | 8 (8.6) | 6 (6.5) | 11 (11.8) | |||
Educational level, n (%) | 0.291 (2.471) | 0.053 (5.281) | 0.067 (5.412) | |||||||||
≤ Undergraduate | 23 (24.7) | 25 (26.9) | 26 (28.0) | 6 (6.5) | 20 (21.5) | 48 (51.6) | 17 (18.3) | 14 (15.1) | 43 (46.2) | |||
≥ Postgraduate | 5 (5.4) | 10 (10.8) | 4 (4.3) | 4 (4.3) | 8 (8.6) | 7 (7.5) | 5 (5.4) | 8 (8.6) | 6 (6.5) | |||
Working hours per day (h), n (%) | 0.982 (0.037) | 0.744 (0.583) | 0.231 (2.930) | |||||||||
≤ 10 | 20 (20.5) | 25 (26.9) | 22 (23.7) | 7 (7.5) | 19 (20.4) | 41 (44.1) | 14 (15.1) | 14 (15.1) | 39 (41.9) | |||
> 10 | 8 (8.6) | 10 (10.8) | 8 (8.6) | 3 (3.2) | 9 (9.7) | 14 (15.1) | 8 (8.6) | 8 (8.6) | 10 (10.8) |