Background
In recent years, cardiac magnetic resonance (CMR) imaging has emerged as the reference standard for cardiac imaging in patients with many forms of congenital heart disease, in particular for lesions that affect the right ventricle. Few studies have been published in assessment of Ebstein anomaly by CMR imaging.
Methods
CMR studies of patients with EA conducted from June 2007 to June 2011 were analized. Cine spin echo images in multiple views, and angiography were evaluated to assess chambers morphology and diameters, wall thickness and left ventricular function, also were measured the atrialized right ventricular portion and the functional tricuspid valve position. And Inversion Recovery sequence for determination of fibrosis.
Anzeige
Results
Ninety four patients were studied. Table 1 summarizes the main results. Tricuspid valve regurgitation was found in 96.9%, severe in 62. 5% of the cases. The presence of left ventricle fibrosis was significant associated with right ventricle longest dimension including the atrialized portion (p=0.003), the diastolic and systolic diameters (p=0.011 and p=0.005).
Table 1
Results
Variable | Mean | SD |
|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 23.0 | 13.02231 |
LVdV (mm) | 36.5 | 8.36997 |
LVsD (mm) | 25.7 | 6.55335 |
dS (mm) | 7.9 | 10.5891 |
Lateral wall diastolic (mm) | 6.2 | 1.42729 |
RVdD (mm) | 55.6 | 20.61004 |
RVsD (mm) | 47.6 | 21.16745 |
Right ventricular longitudinal diameter (mm) | 96.1 | 22.96363 |
RVfw (mm) | 4.5 | 1.40918 |
RA U/L (mm) | 66.0 | 22.36908 |
RA M/L (mm) | 63.9 | 20.99671 |
LA U/L (mm) | 44.1 | 16.28296 |
LA M/L | 36.6 | 14.03464 |
LVEF (%) | 47.2 | 10.96851 |
LV mass (gr) | 60.0 | 28.60894 |
LVEDV (ml) | 78.1 | 34.64511 |
LVESV (ml) | 40.7 | 18.73527 |
Left ventricular stroke volume (ml) | 36.6 | 19.18734 |
Atrialized portion of right ventricle (mm) | 56.1 | 26.3945 |
Atrialized portion of right ventricle (%) | 59.3 | 19.84599 |
Atrial septal defect (mm) | 5.7 | 6.98696 |
Pulmonary artery (mm) | 19.6 | 6.87248 |
Right pulmonary branch (mm) | 12.8 | 4.50256 |
Left pulmonary branch (mm) | 13.3 | 4.49312 |
Conclusions
CMR findings in EA were demonstrated. There was a clear positive relationship between the presence of LV fibrosis and the right ventricle dimensions.
Funding
National Institute of Cardiology "Ignacio Chávez", Mexico City, Mexico.
This article is published under license to BioMed Central Ltd. This is an open access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any medium, provided the original work is properly cited.