Background
Methods
Study population
The repeated cross-sectional study of diabetes management parameters
The repeated cross-sectional study of antidiabetic prescription frequency
The long-term retrospective cohort study of patients with diabetes
Statistical analysis
Results
The repeated cross-sectional study of diabetic control
Year | 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2013 | rs* | p value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measured HbA1c (n) | 10,651 | 14,342 | 18,783 | 7846 | ||
HbA1c (NGSP) (%) | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 7.9 ± 1.4 | 7.7 ± 1.4 | 7.6 ± 1.4 | −0.11 | <0.01 |
HbA1c (IFCC) (mmol/mol) | 63 ± 16 | 63 ± 16 | 60 ± 15 | 59 ± 15 | ||
HbA1c (NGSP) groupa
| ||||||
<6% (%) | 615 (6) | 471 (3) | 935 (5) | 511 (7) | ||
≥6% and <7% (%) | 1997 (19) | 2786 (19) | 5194 (28) | 2367 (30) | ||
≥7% and <8% (%) | 3457 (33) | 5238 (37) | 6621 (35) | 2585 (33) | ||
≥8% (%) | 4582 (43) | 5847 (41) | 6033 (32) | 2383 (30) | <0.01#
|
Year | 2003 | 2005 | 2010 | 2013 | rs* | p value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Measured glycated albumin (n) | 8415 | 12,934 | 17,681 | 7463 | ||
Glycated albumin (%) | 22.7 ± 5.3 | 22.5 ± 5.6 | 21.2 ± 5.5 | 20.7 ± 5.7 | −0.13 | <0.01 |
Glycated albumin quartilea
| ||||||
<18% (%) | 1281 (15) | 2348 (18) | 5173 (29) | 2584 (35) | ||
≥18% and <20.7% (%) | 1919 (23) | 3004 (23) | 4501 (26) | 1728 (23) | ||
≥20.7% and <24.2% (%) | 2487 (30) | 3737 (29) | 4048 (23) | 1622 (22) | ||
≥24.2% (%) | 2728 (32) | 3845 (30) | 3959 (22) | 1528 (21) | <0.01#
|
The repeated cross-sectional study of antidiabetic prescription frequency
Year | 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2013 | rs#
| p value#
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 14,996 | 13,976 | 17,561 | 3118 | ||
Sulfonylureas (%) | 5102 (34) | 4016 (29) | 5142 (29) | 896 (29) | <0.01* | |
Glimepiride (n) | 197 | 2414 | 4399 | 783 | ||
Glimepiride (mg) | 3 (2, 4) [0.5, 6] | 2 (1, 3) [0.5, 6] | 1 (0.5, 2) [0.5, 6] | 1 (0.5, 1.5) [0.5, 6] | −0.38 | <0.01 |
Biguanide (%) | 3194 (21) | 3633 (26) | 5432 (31) | 1050 (34) | <0.01* | |
Metformin (n) | 3 164 | 3 622 | 5 430 | 1 050 | ||
Metformin (mg) | 750 (750, 750) [250, 1000] | 750 (750, 750) [250, 1000] | 750 (750, 750) [250, 1500] | 750 (750, 1500) [250, 2250] | 0.36 | <0.01 |
Thiazolidine (%) | 338 (2) | 1907 (14) | 6983 (40) | 758 (24) | <0.01* | |
Pioglitazone (mg) | 30 (30, 30) [15, 60] | 15 (15, 30) [7.5, 30] | 15 (15, 30) [7.5, 45] | 15 (15, 30) [7.5, 45] | 0.01 | 0.01 |
α-GI (%)
| 2936 (20) | 2696 (19) | 3966 (23) | 561 (18) | <0.01* | |
Voglibose (n) | 2351 | 2394 | 3390 | 493 | ||
Voglibose (mg) | 0.6 (0.6, 0.9) [0.2, 0.9] | 0.6 (0.6, 0.9) [0.2, 0.9] | 0.9 (0.6, 0.9) [0.2, 0.9] | 0.9 (0.6, 0.9) [0.3, 0.9] | 0.30 | <0.01 |
Meglitinides (%)
| 654 (4) | 1352 (10) | 1418 (8) | 155 (5) | 0.45* | |
Nateglinide (n) | 654 | 1275 | 1170 | 127 | ||
Nateglinide (mg) | 270 (270, 270) [60, 360] | 270 (180, 270) [30, 360] | 270 (180, 270) [30, 360] | 270 (120, 270) [60, 360] | −0.04 | <0.01 |
DPP4I (%) | 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 361 (2) | 1176 (38) | <0.01* | |
Sitagliptin (n) | 0 | 0 | 361 | 818 | ||
Sitagliptin (mg) | 50 (50, 50) [25, 100] | 50 (25, 50) [25, 100] | 0.10 | <0.01 | ||
Insulins (%) | 3550 (24) | 5085 (36) | 5660 (32) | 990 (32) | <0.01* |
The retrospective cohort study of visiting diabetes patients
Year | 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2013 | rs* | p value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Evaluated HbA1c (NGSP) (n) | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | ||
HbA1c (NGSP)a (%) | 8.2 ± 0.9 | 8.0 ± 0.9 | 7.9 ± 1.0 | 7.7 ± 1.1 | −0.22 | <0.01 |
HbA1c (IFCC)a (mmol/mol) | 67 ± 10 | 64 ± 9 | 63 ± 11 | 60 ± 12 | ||
HbA1c (NGSP) groupb
| ||||||
<6% (%) | 0 (0.0) | 0 (0.0) | 1 (1) | 1 (1) | ||
≥6% and <7% (%) | 14 (8) | 15 (9) | 21 (12) | 45 (27) | ||
≥7% and <8% (%) | 51 (30) | 73 (43) | 79 (47) | 72 (42) | ||
≥8% (%) | 105 (62) | 82 (48) | 69 (41) | 52 (31) | <0.01#
|
Year | 2003 | 2005 | 2010 | 2013 | rs* | p value* |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Evaluated glycated albumin (n) | 136 | 170 | 170 | 168 | ||
Glycated albumina (%) | 23.5 ± 3.6 | 22.8 ± 3.5 | 22.3 ± 3.9 | 21.5 ± 4.4 | −0.14 | <0.01 |
Glycated albumin quartileb
| ||||||
<19.7% (%) | 20 (15) | 28 (17) | 45 (27) | 59 (35) | ||
≥19.7% and <22.0% (%) | 27 (20) | 52 (31) | 45 (27) | 47 (28) | ||
≥22.0% and <24.6% (%) | 42 (31) | 40 (24) | 43 (25) | 26 (16) | ||
≥24.6% (%) | 47 (35) | 50 (29) | 37 (22) | 36 (21) | <0.01#
|
Year | 2001 | 2005 | 2010 | 2013 | rs#
| p value#
|
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | 170 | 170 | 170 | 170 | ||
Sulfonylureas (%)
| 78 (46) | 63 (37) | 67 (39) | 59 (35) | 0.02* | |
Glimepiride (n) | 12 | 31 | 54 | 47 | ||
Glimepiridea (mg) | 3 (2, 5.625) [1, 6] | 3 (2, 4) [1, 6] | 1.875 (1, 3) [0.5, 6] | 1 (0.5, 2) [0.5, 6] | −0.45 | <0.01 |
Biguanide (%) | 78 (46) | 83 (49) | 84 (49) | 76 (45) | 0.76* | |
Metformin (n) | 77 | 83 | 84 | 76 | ||
Metformina (mg) | 750 (750, 750) [375, 750] | 750 (750, 750) [250, 750] | 750 (750, 750) [250, 1000] | 750 (750, 1500) [250, 2250] | 0.28 | <0.01 |
Thiazolidine (%) | 5 (3) | 35 (21) | 83 (49) | 48 (28) | <0.01* | |
Pioglitazonea (mg) | 30 (30, 30) [30] | 15 (15, 30) [7.5, 30] | 15 (15, 30) [7.5, 45] | 15 (15, 30) [7.5, 45] | 0.06 | 0.16 |
α-GI (%)
| 54 (32) | 56 (33) | 60 (35) | 43 (25) | 0.30* | |
Voglibose (n) | 43 | 50 | 52 | 37 | ||
Voglibosea (mg) | 0.9 (0.6, 0.9) [0.4, 0.9] | 0.6 (0.6, 0.9) [0.2, 0.9] | 0.9 (0.6, 0.9) [0.2, 0.9] | 0.9 (0.6, 0.9) [0.3, 0.9] | 0.26 | <0.01 |
Meglitinides (%)
| 12 (7) | 15 (9) | 22 (13) | 8 (5) | 0.44* | |
Nateglinide (n) | 12 | 15 | 19 | 6 | ||
Nateglinidea (mg) | 270 (270, 270) [270, 270] | 270 (270, 270) [60, 270] | 270 (180, 270) [60, 360] | 135 (90, 225) [90, 360] | −0.18 | 0.01 |
DPP4I (%)
| 0 (0) | 0 (0) | 1 (1) | 70 (41) | <0.01* | |
Sitagliptin (n) | 0 | 0 | 1 | 52 | ||
Sitagliptina (mg) | 50 (50, 50) [50, 50] | 50 (25, 50) [25, 100] | 0.09 | 0.30 | ||
Insulins (%)
| 69 (41) | 96 (57) | 97 (57) | 93 (55) | <0.01* |