Backgrounds
Methods
Materials
Experimental Animals
Bone μ-CT Scanning
DEXA Measurement
Liver Histological Examination
Bone Histomorphometric Analysis
BALP Enzyme Assay
TRAP Enzyme Assay
Plasma Peroxide Assay
Plasma Nitrate Assay
Biochemical Analysis of Serum Parameters
Statistical Analysis
Results
Preparation of SM extracts
Body Weight Changes
BMD and BMC
μ-CT Evaluation
Parameters | Sham n = 10 | OVX n = 10 | SM1 n = 7 | SM3 n = 8 | SM10 n = 10 | SM30 n = 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BV/TV (%)
| 30.06 ± 4.57 | 3.90 ± 1.61 * | 4.56 ± 2.44 * | 4.92 ± 1.84 * | 6.22 ± 1.78 * | 8.05 ± 3.32 *, #
|
Tb.Th (μm)
| 112.76 ± 7.95 | 96.51 ± 4.99 * | 101.03 ± 6.58 * | 100.06 ± 7.42 * | 99.53 ± 5.92 * | 107.03 ± 5.02 *, #
|
Tb.N (1/mm)
| 2.67 ± 0.40 | 0.40 ± 0.16 * | 0.45 ± 0.23 * | 0.50 ± 0.19 * | 0.63 ± 0.19 * | 0.93 ± 0.28 *, #
|
Tb.Sp (mm)
| 0.25 ± 0.08 | 1.05 ± 0.13 * | 1.05 ± 0.26 * | 1.03 ± 0.20 * | 0.93 ± 0.21 * | 0.71 ± 0.10 *, #
|
Conn.D (1/mm
3
)
| 97.53 ± 12.90 | 8.95 ± 3.67 * | 9.24 ± 4.90 * | 10.59 ± 3.22 * | 14.24 ± 6.62 * | 19.37 ± 6.34 *, #
|
Tb.Pf (1/mm)
| 4.25 ± 2.29 | 20.35 ± 2.98 * | 19.50 ± 2.26 * | 18.98 ± 1.89 * | 18.48 ± 2.62 * | 15.79 ± 3.05 *, #
|
SMI (1)
| 1.46 ± 0.25 | 2.69 ± 0.10 * | 2.64 ± 0.12 * | 2.61 ± 0.14 * | 2.59 ± 0.16 * | 2.32 ± 0.26 *, #
|
Ct.Ar (mm
2
)
| 5.38 ± 0.22 | 5.41 ± 0.45 | 5.98 ± 0.34 | 5.67 ± 0.43 | 5.58 ± 0.34 | 5.29 ± 0.31 |
Ct.Th (mm)
| 29.65 ± 0.13 | 29.63 ± 0.09 | 29.65 ± 0.07 | 29.54 ± 0.10 | 29.62 ± 0.06 | 29.66 ± 0.08 |
Bone Histomorphometric Parameters
Parameters | Sham n = 7 | OVX n = 7 | 1SM n = 7 | 3SM n = 7 | 10SM n = 7 | 30SM n = 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
BV/TV (%)
| 55.44 ± 7.10 | 10.24 ± 3.68 * | 11.51 ± 2.27 | 11.61 ± 2.27 | 15.19 ± 1.61 | 18.70 ± 1.38 #
|
Tb.Th (mcm)
| 35.14 ± 5.17 | 14.86 ± 5.54 * | 15.72 ± 3.33 | 16.37 ± 3.03 | 21.32 ± 3.71 | 26.37 ± 2.49 #
|
Tb.N (1/mm)
| 15.87 ± 1.59 | 5.73 ± 2.03 * | 6.06 ± 1.99 | 6.39 ± 2.00 | 8.88 ± 2.61 | 12.35 ± 2.67 #
|
Tb.Sp (mcm)
| 28.38 ± 5.80 | 199.70 ± 3.48 * | 180.27 ± 3.46 | 176.26 ± 2.18 | 98.75 ± 7.21 | 81.67 ± 6.38 #
|
Oc.N/10 HPF
| 5 ± 1.41 | 17 ± 2.40 * | 16 ± 2.39 | 17 ± 2.20 | 13 ± 2.26 | 10 ± 1.41 #
|
Liver Histomorphometry
Parameters | Sham n = 7 | OVX n = 7 | 1SM n = 7 | 3SM n = 7 | 10SM n = 7 | 30SM n = 7 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Infiltrated Mononuclear cellular NO/10 HPF
| 1.57 ± 1.27 | 12.00 ± 2.40 * | 12.00 ± 2.39 | 11.50 ± 2.20 | 10.38 ± 2.26 | 8.50 ± 2.34 #
|
Quantification of Serum bone turnover markers
Serum Biochemical Levels
Parameters | Sham n = 10 | OVX n = 10 | SM1 n = 7 | SM3 n = 8 | SM10 n = 10 | SM30 n = 9 |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ALP (U/L)
| 32.57 ± 8.28 | 51.29 ± 7.78 &
| 47.71 ± 5.38 | 51.57 ± 3.74 | 51.14 ± 8.80 | 47.57 ± 7.00 |
Estradiol (pg/mL)
| 16.09 ± 3.38 | 9.29 ± 2.51 #
| 10.27 ± 3.18 | 8.10 ± 3.03 | 9.07 ± 2.60 | 10.10 ± 3.23 |
Free T3 (pg/mL)
| 3.84 ± 0.50 | 3.83 ± 0.31 | 3.97 ± 0.31 | 3.91 ± 0.23 | 3.79 ± 0.41 | 3.74 ± 0.23 |
Free T4 (ng/dL)
| 1.90 ± 0.47 | 3.04 ± 0.25 * | 3.07 ± 0.30 | 2.89 ± 0.31 | 2.73 ± 0.23 | 2.00 ± 0.51 %
|
Osteocalcin (ng/mL)
| 2.40 ± 0.28 | 3.66 ± 0.48 * | 3.40 ± 0.57 | 3.63 ± 0.44 | 3.44 ± 0.43 | 3.47 ± 0.42 |
Calcium (mg/dL)
| 9.30 ± 0.41 | 9.46 ± 0.29 | 9.63 ± 0.21 | 9.78 ± 0.46 | 9.40 ± 0.27 | 9.70 ± 0.51 |
IP (mg/dL)
| 6.21 ± 0.80 | 6.24 ± 0.65 | 6.60 ± 0.57 | 6.50 ± 0.72 | 6.17 ± 0.53 | 6.49 ± 0.79 |