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Erschienen in: Der Nephrologe 4/2016

04.07.2016 | Lipidstoffwechselstörungen | Leitthema

Verminderung der Progression einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz

Strategien

verfasst von: D. Sollinger, B. Schamberger, J. Weinmann-Menke, Prof. Dr. J. Lutz

Erschienen in: Die Nephrologie | Ausgabe 4/2016

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Zusammenfassung

Chronische Nierenerkrankungen (CKD) sind ein weltweit zunehmendes Problem, so dass diese auch eine rasch zunehmende Bedeutung als Mortalitätsursache erlangen. Wesentlich für die Progressionsverlangsamung einer CKD ist die optimale Einstellung des Blutdrucks wobei die Zielblutdruckwerte bei Patienten mit CKD keine klare Evidenz für die jeweiligen Zielwerte besteht. Diese hängen zudem auch von der Grundkrankheit, wie z. B. einer ADPKD, ab. Ein wesentlicher Mechanismus zur Kontrolle des arteriellen Blutdrucks beseht in der Blockade des Renin-Angiotensin-Aldosteronsystems (RAAS) mittels ACE-Inhibitoren (ACEI) bzw. Angiotensinrezeptorblockern (ARB). Aufgrund der zusätzlichen blutdruckunabhängigen Reduktion von Proliferations- und Entzündungsprozessen sind diese Substanzen sehr gut für eine Progressionsverminderung einer CKD geeignet. Des weiteren sollte eine Dyslipidämie bei Patienten mit einer CKD behandelt werden, wobei die Effekte im Hinblick auf eine Reduktion des kardiovaskulären Risikos bei Patienten mit CKD geringer sind als in der Allgemeinbevölkerung. Die Behandlung sollte mit Statinen erfolgen; zu den Wirkungen der neuen PCSK 9 Inhibitoren fehlen bisher Daten zu Patienten mit CKD. Bei Patienten mit Diabetes mellitus und CKD sollte der Blutzucker sollte so behandelt werden, dass das HbA1c unter 7 % liegt. Metformin kann dabei bei Patienten mit einer mäßigen GFR-Einschränkung gegeben werden. Allerdings sollte die Nierenfunktion kontrolliert werden und bei einer weiteren Verschlechterung das Medikament abgesetzt/pausiert werden. Auch Faktoren des sog. Lifestyles, darunter vor allem die Ernährung, sind von wesentlicher Bedeutung für die Progression einer CKD. In diesem Zusammenhang sollte vor allem die Natriumzufuhr, die Harnsäureproduktion und der Säure-Basenhaushalt behandelt werden. Insgesamt kann auf diese Weise die Progression einer CKD vermindert werden, wobei zukünftige Studien helfen müssen, Zielwerte besser zu definieren und neue Therapeutika vor allem bei Patienten mit CKD zu untersuchen.
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Metadaten
Titel
Verminderung der Progression einer chronischen Niereninsuffizienz
Strategien
verfasst von
D. Sollinger
B. Schamberger
J. Weinmann-Menke
Prof. Dr. J. Lutz
Publikationsdatum
04.07.2016
Verlag
Springer Berlin Heidelberg
Erschienen in
Die Nephrologie / Ausgabe 4/2016
Print ISSN: 2731-7463
Elektronische ISSN: 2731-7471
DOI
https://doi.org/10.1007/s11560-016-0076-z

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