Background
Methods
Study population
Exposure measures
District in South Korea | Regions | Gross regional domestic product per capita in 2009 (Unit: 106 KRW) | Rank |
---|---|---|---|
Metropolitan city | Seoul (Capital) | 26.9 | 5 |
Busan | 17.4 | 13 | |
Daegu | 14.5 | 16 | |
Incheon | 19.9 | 9 | |
Gwangju | 16.1 | 15 | |
Daejeon | 16.9 | 14 | |
Ulsan | 47.9 | 1 | |
Province | Gyeonggi | 20.8 | 8 |
Gangwon | 19.6 | 10 | |
Chungbuk | 23.0 | 7 | |
Chungnam | 35.2 | 2 | |
Jeonbuk | 19.4 | 11 | |
Jeonnam | 28.9 | 3 | |
Gyeongbuk | 27.7 | 4 | |
Gyeongnam | 26.1 | 6 | |
Jeju | 18.9 | 12 |
Outcome measures
Confounding variables
Statistical analyses
Results
Baseline and clinical characteristics of the study population
Variables | Total (N = 356,126) | Community level SES | p value* | p for trend | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low (N = 109,632) | Medium (N = 117,936) | High (N = 128,558) | ||||
Age group, n (%) | <.001 | 0.758 | ||||
20~29 | 42,875 (12.0) | 12,801 (11.7) | 14,058 (11.9) | 16,016 (12.5) | ||
30~39 | 77,245 (21.7) | 22,052 (20.1) | 27,256 (23.1) | 27,937 (21.7) | ||
40~49 | 98,444 (27.6) | 31,356 (28.6) | 34,306 (29.1) | 32,782 (25.5) | ||
50~59 | 73,530 (20.7) | 23,945 (21.8) | 22,359 (19.0) | 27,226 (21.2) | ||
60~69 | 40,605 (11.4) | 12,541 (11.4) | 12,473 (10.6) | 15,591 (12.1) | ||
70~79 | 19,061 (5.4) | 5635 (5.1) | 6190 (5.3) | 7236 (5.6) | ||
80~ | 4366 (1.2) | 1302 (1.2) | 1294 (1.1) | 1770 (1.4) | ||
Sex, n (%) | <.001 | 0.135 | ||||
Male | 180,598 (50.7) | 54,738 (49.9) | 61,160 (51.9) | 64,700 (50.3) | ||
Female | 175,528 (49.3) | 54,894 (50.1) | 56,776 (48.1) | 63,858 (49.7) | ||
Smoking Ever, n (%) | 120,972 (34.0) | 36,648 (33.4) | 41,879 (35.5) | 42,445 (33.0) | <.001 | 0.006 |
Body mass index (kg/m2), mean (SD) | 23.4 (3.2) | 23.4 (3.2) | 23.4 (3.3) | 23.3 (3.2) | <.001 | 0.001 |
Co-morbidities | ||||||
Diabetes mellitus, n (%) | 28,745 (8.1) | 8764 (8.0) | 9321 (7.9) | 10,660 (8.3) | 0.001 | 0.006 |
Hypertension, n (%) | 61,831 (17.4) | 18,737 (17.1) | 20,092 (17.0) | 23,002 (17.9) | <.001 | <.001 |
Dyslipidemia, n (%) | 25,689 (7.2) | 7745 (7.1) | 8161 (6.9) | 9783 (7.6) | <.001 | <.001 |
Peripheral arterial disease, n (%) | 5560 (1.6) | 1829 (1.7) | 1728 (1.5) | 2003 (1.6) | 0.001 | 0.044 |
Stroke, n (%) | 6728 (1.9) | 2098 (1.9) | 2196 (1.9) | 2434 (1.9) | 0.658 | 0.745 |
Individual economic status (Medical premium: won), mean (SD) | 77,526.1 (56,833.9) | 72,459.8 (54,259.6) | 78,492.6 (56,319.4) | 80,960.0 (59,100.8) | <.001 | <.001 |
Incidence of IHD according to the community-level SES
Community level SES | Event | Total person years | Incidence rate per 1000 person years | Cumulative Incidencea (%) | Crude HR (95% CI) | p | Adjusted HRb (95% CI) | p |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Low | 1776 | 499,273.5 | 3.56 | 1.78 | 1.10 (0.91–1.33) | 0.339 | 1.16 (1.01–1.32) | 0.030 |
Medium | 1513 | 531,663.9 | 2.84 | 1.43 | 0.97 (0.76–1.23) | 0.768 | 1.03 (0.88–1.22) | 0.697 |
High | 1797 | 574,652.6 | 3.13 | 1.57 | 1.00 | 1.00 | ||
p for trend | 0.311 | 0.029 |