Background
Methods
Databases
Measures
Variable | EMIS | SMON (translation) | SOAP (translation) |
---|---|---|---|
Age | How old are you? | What is your age? | Year of birth |
Residence | What are the first two digits of your home post-code? | What are the first three digits of your home post-code? | Post-code (4 digits) |
Ethnicity | Which country were you born in? | Which cultural background did you grow-up with? | Ethnic group |
Number of partners | How many different non-steady male partners have you had sex with in the last 12 months? | How many different non-steady male partners have you had sex with in the last 6 months? | How many persons have you had sexual contact with in the last 6 months? |
Condom use last partner | Did he [the non-steady sex partner you most recently had sex with] use a condom during AI? | Did he [the non-steady sex partner you most recently had sex with] use a condom during AI? | Did you use condom(s) during the last sexual contact? |
Drug use | When was the last time you consumed X? (recode: yes/no w/i 6 mo) | X – How often did you use in the last 6 months? | Intravenous drug use |
STI | When were you last diagnosed with X? (recode: y/n w/i 12 mo) | In the last 12 months, did you receive a positive STI diagnosis? (X yes/no) | Laboratory diagnosis |
HIV | Have you ever received an HIV test result? (status in answer options) | Have you ever been tested for HIV? + What was the result? | Diagnosis/Earlier HIV-test |
Analyses
Results
Characteristics of study populations
EMIS | SMON | SOAP | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
Age | Range | 14–87 | 14–86 | 16–76 |
Mean (SD) | 39.81 (12.34) | 38.36 (13.51) | 37.99 (11.66) | |
Median | 40 | 39 | 38 | |
Residence | Amsterdam | 1019 (26.9) | 706 (19.6) | 1433 (37.7) |
Rotterdam | 185 (4.9) | 175 (4.9) | 215 (5.7) | |
The Hague | 167 (4.4) | 138 (3.8) | 170 (4.5) | |
Utrecht | 122 (3.2) | 144 (4.0) | 93 (2.4) | |
Other areas | 1881 (49.7) | 2280 (63.3) | 1785 (47.0) | |
Missing | 413 (10.9) | 159 (4.4) | 104 (2.7) | |
Ethnicity | Dutch | 2833 (74.8) | 3131 (86.9) | 3114 (81.9) |
Not Dutch | 849 (22.4) | 458 (12.7) | 679 (17.9) | |
Missing | 105 (2.8) | 13 (0.4) | 7 (0.2) | |
Not Dutch | Turkey, North Africa | 17 (2.0) | 23 (5.0) | 47 (6.9) |
Specified | Surinam, Netherlands Antilles | 32 (3.8) | 68 (14.9) | 95 (14.0) |
Eastern Europe | 103 (12.1) | 21 (4.6) | 73 (10.8) | |
Sub-Sahara Africa | 26 (3.1) | 11 (2.4) | 15 (2.2) | |
Central and South America | 86 (10.1) | 22 (4.8) | 85 (12.5) | |
Rest of Europe | 418 (49.2) | 211 (46.1) | 64 (9.4) | |
Asia | 83 (9.8) | 74 (16.2) | 69 (10.2) | |
N. America, Canada, Oceania | 84 (9.9) | 28 (6.1) | 231 (34.0) | |
Number | 1–2 | 527 (13.9) | 585 (16.2) | 940 (24.7) |
of | 3–5 | 674 (17.8) | 796 (22.1) | 1107 (29.1) |
Partners | 6–10 | 570 (15.1) | 512 (14.2) | 740 (19.5) |
11–20 | 504 (13.3) | 392 (10.9) | 388 (10.2) | |
21–50 | 437 (11.5) | 236 (6.6) | 250 (6.6) | |
>50 | 250 (6.6) | 49 (1.4) | 338 (8.9) | |
Missing | 825 (21.8) | 1032 (28.7) | 37 (1.0) | |
CLP | Yes | 1485 (39.2) | 753 (20.9) | 872 (22.9) |
Missing | 851 (22.5) | 2363 (65.6) | 2321 (61.1) | |
Substances | Alcohol | 3469 (91.6) | 2521 (72.1) | – |
w/i 6 mo. | Poppers | 1640 (43.3) | 1348 (38.6) | – |
Viagra | 1081 (28.5) | 932 (26.7) | – | |
Cannabis | 905 (23.9) | 634 (18.1) | – | |
Ecstasy | 708 (18.7) | 502 (14.4) | – | |
Speed | 249 (6.6) | 157 (4.5) | – | |
Methamphetamine | 81 (2.1) | 57 (1.6) | – | |
GHB | 493 (13.0) | 408 (11.7) | – | |
Cocaine | 375 (9.9) | 257 (7.4) | – | |
Missing | 0 (0.0) | 107 (3.0) | – | |
STI | Gonorrhoea | 194 (5.2) | 174 (5.0) | 322 (8.5) |
Chlamydia | 260 (7.0) | 235 (6.7) | 362 (9.5) | |
Syphilis | 122 (3.3) | 136 (3.9) | 120 (3.2) | |
Hepatitis B | 435 (11.5) | 383 (11.0) | 144 (3.8) | |
Hepatitis C | 136 (3.6) | 56 (1.6) | 0 (0.0) | |
Herpes | 28 (0.7) | 34 (1.0) | 22 (0.6) | |
Warts | 102 (2.7) | 81 (2.3) | 90 (2.4) | |
Other STI | – | 25 (0.7) | 20 (0.5) | |
(Skin) diseases | – | 2 (0.1) | 108 (2.8) | |
Missing Mean | 32 (0.8) | 107 (3.0) | 2 (0.1) | |
HIV status | HIV+ | 589 (15.6) | 414 (11.5) | 679 (17.9) |
HIV– | 2408 (63.6) | 2164 (60.1) | 2512 (66.1) | |
Never tested | 774 (20.4) | 864 (24.0) | 490 (12.9) | |
Missing | 16 (0.4) | 160 (4.4) | 119 (3.1) |
Being diagnosed with STI
EMIS | SMON | SOAP | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
STI+ | Univariable | Multivariable | STI+ | Univariable | Multivariable | STI+ | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | |
Age group (years)b | ||||||||||||
< 35 | 242 | 17.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 227 | 15.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 409 | 26.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
35°F49 | 439 | 26.9 |
1.7 (1.4–2.0)
| 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 338 | 25.5 |
1.9 (1.6–2.3)
| 0.9 (0.6–1.2) | 401 | 25.0 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.0 (0.7–1.3) |
> 49 | 250 | 31.1 |
2.1 (1.7–2.5)
| 1.2 (0.9–1.7) | 223 | 28.9 |
2.3 (1.9–2.8)
| 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 172 | 27.1 | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) |
Residenceb | ||||||||||||
Outside Amsterdam | 514 | 21.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 510 | 18.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 586 | 25.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Amsterdam | 318 | 31.2 |
1.6 (1.4–1.9)
| 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 255 | 36.1 |
2.5 (2.1–3.0)
|
1.6 (1.1–2.2)
| 366 | 25.5 | 1.0 (0.8–1.1) | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) |
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
Dutch | 685 | 24.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 671 | 21.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 776 | 24.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Other | 246 | 25.8 | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 117 | 24.8 | 1.2 (1.0–1.5) | 1.0 (0.6–1.5) | 206 | 30.0 |
1.3 (1.1–1.6)
|
1.4 (1.0–2.1)
|
Number of partnersb | ||||||||||||
1–2 | 80 | 15.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 83 | 14.2 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 250 | 26.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
3–5 | 130 | 19.3 | 1.3 (1.0–1.8) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) | 151 | 19.0 |
1.4 (1.1–1.9)
| 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 261 | 23.6 | 0.9 (0.7–1.0) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
6–10 | 152 | 26.7 |
2.0 (1.5–2.7)
| 1.5 (1.0–2.3) | 172 | 33.6 |
3.1 (2.3–4.1)
| 1.4 (0.8–2.3) | 216 | 29.2 | 1.1 (0.9–1.4) | 0.9 (0.6–1.3) |
11–20 | 154 | 30.6 |
2.5 (1.8–3.3)
|
1.7 (1.1–2.5)
| 141 | 36.0 |
3.4 (2.5–4.6)
| 1.6 (0.9–2.7) | 88 | 22.7 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
21–50 | 169 | 38.7 |
3.5 (2.6–4.8)
|
2.1 (1.4–3.2)
| 113 | 47.9 |
5.6 (3.9–7.8)
|
2.3 (1.3–4.1)
| 58 | 23.2 | 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 0.6 (0.3–1.1) |
> 50 | 137 | 54.8 |
6.8 (4.8–9.6)
|
3.4 (2.2–5.2)
| 27 | 55.1 |
7.4 (4.0–13.6)
|
3.1 (1.2–8.2)
| 103 | 30.5 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.0 (0.6–1.8) |
Condom use last partnerb | ||||||||||||
Yes | 358 | 24.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 200 | 26.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 235 | 26.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 455 | 31.4 |
1.4 (1.2–1.7)
|
1.3 (1.1–1.6)
| 167 | 34.4 |
1.4 (1.1–1.9)
| 1.1 (0.8–1.5) | 126 | 20.8 |
0.7 (0.6–0.9)
|
0.7 (0.6–0.9)
|
Drugs | ||||||||||||
No | 207 | 12.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 196 | 11.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes 1 | 218 | 23.3 |
2.1 (1.7–2.5)
|
1.7 (1.3–2.3)
| 193 | 23.3 |
2.5 (2.0–3.1)
| 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | ||||
Yes > 1 | 506 | 40.7 |
4.7 (3.9–5.6)
|
2.1 (1.6–2.8)
| 399 | 40.5 |
5.5 (4.5–6.7)
|
1.6 (1.1–2.4)
| ||||
HIVb | ||||||||||||
Never test | 55 | 7.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 37 | 4.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 123 | 25.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
HIV+ | 343 | 58.2 |
18.2 (13.2–25.1)
|
9.0 (5.7–14.3)
| 255 | 61.6 |
35.8 (24.4–52.6)
|
17.1 (8.4–35.2)
| 161 | 23.7 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.3) |
HIV− | 531 | 22.1 |
3.7 (2.8–4.9)
|
3.0 (2.0–4.6)
| 488 | 22.6 |
6.5 (4.6–9.2)
|
3.8 (2.0–7.4)
| 663 | 26.4 | 1.1 (0.9–1.3) | 1.1 (0.7–1.6) |
Being diagnosed with HIV
EMIS | SMON | SOAP | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
HIV+ | Univariable | Multivariable | HIV+ | Univariable | Multivariable | HIV+ | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | |
Age group (years) | ||||||||||||
< 35 | 100 | 7.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 81 | 5.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 147 | 9.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
35–49 | 323 | 19.9 |
3.1 (2.4–3.9)
|
1.8 (1.3–2.4)
| 216 | 16.4 |
3.2 (2.5–4.2)
|
2.0 (1.2–3.1)
| 376 | 23.5 |
3.0 (2.4–3.6)
|
2.5 (1.8–3.6)
|
> 49 | 166 | 20.7 |
3.2 (2.5–4.2)
|
2.4 (1.6–3.4)
| 117 | 15.3 |
3.0 (2.2–4.0)
| 1.4 (0.8–2.5) | 156 | 24.6 |
3.1 (2.5–4.0)
|
4.1 (2.7–6.1)
|
Residence | ||||||||||||
Outside Amsterdam | 275 | 11.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 262 | 9.8 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 273 | 12.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Amsterdam | 243 | 23.9 |
2.4 (2.0–2.9)
|
1.8 (1.4–2.3)
| 147 | 20.9 |
2.4 (1.9–3.0)
| 1.2 (0.8–1.8) | 396 | 27.6 |
2.7 (2.3–3.3)
|
3.1 (2.3–4.2)
|
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
Dutch | 437 | 15.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 351 | 11.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 565 | 18.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Other | 152 | 16.0 | 1.0 (0.9–1.3) | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 63 | 13.6 | 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 1.2 (0.7–2.0) | 114 | 16.6 | 0.9 (0.7–1.1) | 1.1 (0.7–1.8) |
Number of partnersb | ||||||||||||
1–2 | 44 | 8.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 33 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 122 | 13.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
3–5 | 90 | 13.4 |
1.7 (1.2–2.5)
| 1.7 (1.0–2.8) | 81 | 10.2 |
1.9 (1.2–2.9)
| 1.8 (0.8–3.8) | 154 | 13.9 | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) |
6–10 | 88 | 15.5 |
2.0 (1.4–2.9)
| 1.4 (0.8–2.4) | 75 | 14.6 |
2.9 (1.9–4.4)
| 1.4 (0.7–3.0) | 149 | 20.1 |
1.7 (1.3–2.2)
|
1.7 (1.0–2.7)
|
11–20 | 93 | 18.5 |
2.5 (1.7–3.6)
| 1.7 (1.0–2.8) | 74 | 18.9 |
3.9 (2.5–6.0)
| 1.3 (0.6–2.9) | 104 | 26.8 |
2.5 (1.8–3.3)
|
2.0 (1.2–3.4)
|
21–50 | 98 | 22.5 |
3.2 (2.2–4.7)
| 1.4 (0.9–2.4) | 66 | 28.0 |
6.5 (4.1–10.2)
| 1.8 (0.8–4.0) | 81 | 32.4 |
3.2 (2.3–4.5)
|
2.2 (1.2–3.9)
|
> 50 | 102 | 41.0 |
7.6 (5.1–11.3)
|
2.7 (1.6–4.7)
| 19 | 38.8 |
10.6 (5.4–20.8)
| 1.9 (0.6–5.7) | 57 | 16.9 | 1.4 (1.0–1.9) |
2.2 (1.2–4.0)
|
Condom use last partnerb | ||||||||||||
Yes | 177 | 12.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 87 | 11.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 146 | 16.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 346 | 23.9 |
2.3 (1.9–2.8)
|
2.3 (1.8–2.9)
| 145 | 30.1 |
3.3 (2.4–4.4)
|
3.0 (2.1–4.4)
| 102 | 16.8 | 1.0 (0.8–1.3) | 1.0 (0.7–1.4) |
Drugs | ||||||||||||
No | 89 | 5.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 58 | 3.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes 1 | 106 | 11.4 |
2.2 (1.6–2.9)
|
1.6 (1.1–2.4)
| 74 | 8.9 |
2.7 (1.9–3.9)
|
2.3 (1.2–4.6)
| ||||
Yes > 1 | 394 | 31.8 |
7.9 (6.2–10.1)
|
3.8 (2.6–5.4)
| 282 | 28.6 |
11.2 (8.3–15.1)
|
8.1 (4.4–14.9)
| ||||
STIb | ||||||||||||
No | 246 | 8.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 159 | 5.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 518 | 18.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Yes 1 | 198 | 28.9 |
4.3 (3.5–5.3)
|
2.6 (2.0–3.5)
| 136 | 24.3 |
5.1 (4.0–6.6)
|
3.8 (2.5–5.7)
| 141 | 17.5 | 0.9 (0.8–1.2) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) |
Yes > 1 | 145 | 59.2 |
15.3 (11.5–20.4)
|
5.8 (4.1–8.3)
| 119 | 52.2 |
17.5 (12.9–23.8)
|
8.9 (5.4–14.8)
| 20 | 11.2 |
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
| 0.6 (0.3–1.3) |
Never been tested for HIV
EMIS | SMON | SOAP | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
NT | Univariable | Multivariable | NT | Univariable | Multivariable | NT | Univariable | Multivariable | ||||
No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | No. | % | OR (95 % CI) | aOR (95 % CI) | |
Age group (years) | ||||||||||||
< 35 | 381 | 28.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 476 | 33.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 299 | 19.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
35–49 | 241 | 14.8 |
0.4 (0.4–0.5)
| 0.6 (0.5–0.9) | 230 | 17.5 |
0.4 (0.3–0.5)
| 0.7 (0.5–1.1) | 129 | 8.1 |
0.4 (0.3–0.5)
|
0.4 (0.3–0.6)
|
> 49 | 152 | 19.0 |
0.6 (0.5–0.7)
| 0.8 (0.6–1.2) | 158 | 20.6 |
0.5 (0.4–0.6)
| 0.8 (0.5–1.4) | 62 | 9.8 |
0.5 (0.3–0.6)
|
0.4 (0.3–0.7)
|
Residence | ||||||||||||
Outside Amsterdam | 586 | 25.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 738 | 27.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 376 | 16.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Amsterdam | 106 | 10.4 |
0.4 (0.3–0.4)
|
0.5 (0.3–0.6)
| 76 | 10.8 |
0.3 (0.2–0.4)
|
0.4 (0.2–0.7)
| 88 | 6.1 |
0.3 (0.3–0.4)
|
0.3 (0.2–0.5)
|
Ethnicity | ||||||||||||
Dutch | 623 | 22.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 771 | 25.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 407 | 13.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Other | 151 | 15.9 |
0.7 (0.5–0.8)
| 1.2 (0.9–1.6) | 93 | 20.0 |
0.7 (0.6–0.9)
| 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | 83 | 12.1 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.6) |
Number of partnersb | ||||||||||||
1–2 | 151 | 28.7 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 208 | 35.6 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 188 | 20.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
3–5 | 135 | 20.1 |
0.6 (0.5–0.8)
|
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
| 194 | 24.4 |
0.6 (0.5–0.7)
| 0.7 (0.4–1.1) | 180 | 16.3 | 0.8 (0.6–1.0) |
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
|
6–10 | 84 | 14.8 |
0.4 (0.3–0.6)
|
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
| 67 | 13.1 |
0.3 (0.2–0.4)
|
0.2 (0.1–0.5)
| 68 | 9.2 |
0.4 (0.3–0.5)
|
0.3 (0.2–0.5)
|
11–20 | 65 | 12.9 |
0.4 (0.3–0.5)
|
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
| 48 | 12.2 |
0.3 (0.2–0.4)
|
0.4 (0.2–0.8)
| 17 | 4.4 |
0.2 (0.1–0.3)
|
0.3 (0.2–0.7)
|
21–50 | 43 | 9.9 |
0.3 (0.2–0.4)
|
0.5 (0.3–0.8)
| 16 | 6.8 |
0.1 (0.1–0.2)
|
0.2 (0.1–0.5)
| 10 | 4.0 |
0.2 (0.1–0.3)
|
0.2 (0.1–0.6)
|
> 50 | 18 | 7.2 |
0.2 (0.1–0.3)
|
0.4 (0.2–0.8)
| 3 | 6.1 |
0.1 (0.0–0.4)
|
0.8 (0.2–3.8)
| 21 | 6.2 |
0.3 (0.2–0.4)
|
0.2 (0.1–0.4)
|
Condom use last partner | ||||||||||||
Yes | 235 | 15.9 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 128 | 17.1 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 133 | 15.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
No | 218 | 15.0 | 0.9 (0.8–1.1) | 1.1 (0.8–1.4) | 84 | 17.5 | 1.0 (0.8–1.4) | 1.4 (0.9–2.0) | 77 | 12.7 | 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 0.7 (0.5–1.0) |
Drugs | ||||||||||||
No | 485 | 30.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 579 | 34.4 | 1.0 | 1.0 | ||||
Yes 1 | 177 | 19.1 |
0.5 (0.4–0.7)
| 0.8 (0.6–1.1) | 181 | 21.8 |
0.5 (0.4–0.6)
|
0.6 (0.4–0.9)
| ||||
Yes > 1 | 112 | 9.0 |
0.2 (0.2–0.3)
|
0.5 (0.4–0.7)
| 104 | 10.5 |
0.2 (0.2–0.3)
|
0.4 (0.3–0.7)
| ||||
STIb | ||||||||||||
No | 719 | 25.3 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 827 | 30.5 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 367 | 13.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
Yes 1 | 49 | 7.2 |
0.2 (0.2–0.3)
|
0.3 (0.2–0.5)
| 36 | 6.4 |
0.2 (0.1–0.2)
|
0.3 (0.1–0.6)
| 98 | 12.2 | 0.9 (0.7–1.2) | 1.0 (0.6–1.4) |
Yes > 1 | 6 | 2.4 |
0.1 (0.0–0.2)
|
0.2 (0.1–0.4)
| 1 | 0.4 |
0.0 (0.0–0.1)
| 0.0 (0.0–xx) | 25 | 14.0 | 1.1 (0.7–1.7) | 0.9 (0.4–2.1) |