Introduction
Methods
Patient selection and demographic characteristics
Number of patients | 66 |
Mean age [years] | 31.7 ± 10.5 |
Mean height [cm] | 183 ± 4.3 |
Mean weight [kg] | 80 ± 7.2 |
Type of sport activity | |
Soccer | 56 |
Other (including ice hockey, running, cycling) | 10 |
Level of sport activity | |
Professional | 13 |
Semi-professional | 8 |
Recreational | 45 |
Average training sessions per week | 4.2 ± 1.6 |
Mean duration of symptoms [months] | 12 ± 12.5 months |
Side of Symptoms | |
Right | 28 |
Left | 26 |
Both sides | 11 |
Central | 1 |
Previous therapy? (including NSAIDs, Physical therapy, Local injections) | 64 |
Trigger Event known | |
Yes | 14 |
No | 52 |
Magnetic resonance imaging: acquisition and analysis
Sequence | Orientation | TR (ms) | TE (ms) | Slice thickness (mm) | Field of view (mm) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
T2 tirm | Coronal | 4000 | 72 | 3 | 380 |
T1 tse | Coronal | 600 | 10 | 3 | 380 |
T2 tse fs | Sagittal | 5000 | 106 | 2 | 240 |
T2 tse fs | Transversal | 5690 | 108 | 3 | 200 |
T2 tse fs | Paratransversal | 7460 | 109 | 2 | 200 |
T1 tse | Paratransversal | 582 | 11 | 2 | 200 |
T2 tse | Paratransversal | 7070 | 109 | 2 | 200 |
Diagnostic criteria of MRI, X-ray, and fluoroscopic findings
Symphyseal injection technique
Analysis and statistics
Results
Demographic factors
Bone marrow edema and osteitis pubis
n = 66 | |||
---|---|---|---|
Total (n) | Symptomatic side (n) | Side of cleft injury (n) | |
No cleft injury | |||
MRI | 14 | Right: 8, Left: 4, Bilateral: 2 | |
Fluoroscopy | 24 | Right: 13, Left: 8, Bilateral: 3 | |
Superior Cleft | |||
MRI | 13 | Right: 4, Left: 5, Bilateral: 3, Central: 1 | Right: 4, Left: 2, Bilateral: 7 |
Fluoroscopy | 10 | Right: 3, Left: 4, Bilateral: 2, Central: 1 | Right: 3, Left: 2, Bilateral: 5 |
Secondary Cleft | |||
MRI | 15 | Right: 6, Left: 7, Bilateral: 2 | Right: 5, Left: 8, Bilateral: 2 |
Fluoroscopy | 21 | Right: 7, Left: 9, Bilateral: 5 | Right: 8, Left: 11, Bilateral: 2 |
combined cleft injuries | |||
MRI | 18 | Right: 6, Left: 8, Bilateral: 4 | Right: 5, Left: 7, Bilateral: 6 |
Fluoroscopy | 11 | Right: 5, Left: 5, Bilateral: 1 | Right: 3, Left: 4, Bilateral: 4 |
Atypical injury pattern | |||
MRI | 6 | Right: 4, left: 2 | Right: 2, Left: 2, Bilateral: 2 |
Fluoroscopy | 0 | ||
BME | |||
Total | 50 | ||
Bilateral | 41 | ||
asymmetric | 28 | 20 ipsilateral to BME10; 8 contralateral to BME10 | |
Anterior pelvic ring instability | 25 | ||
+ cleft | 23 | unilateral: 14, bilateral: 9 | |
+ BME | 18 |