Background
Methods
Longitudinal Plasmodium falciparum population samples
Pre- and post-drug treatment Plasmodium falciparum samples
PCR and sequencing of polymorphic Plasmodium falciparum genes
Statistical analysis of longitudinal Plasmodium falciparum polymorphic genes
Statistical analysis of pre- and post-drug treatment Plasmodium falciparum polymorphic genes
Results
Merozoite gene haplotype frequencies in the uncomplicated malaria infections between 2007 and 2008
Genetic diversity pre- and post-treatment
Pre- and post-treatment | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pre | Post | McNemar’s χ2 (p value) | OR (95 % CI) | ||
AMA1 | DQRHFDKY | Other | |||
DQRHFDKY | 0 | 0 | |||
Other | 2 | 8 | 2 (0.16) | ND | |
EBA140 | VSTK | Other | |||
VSTK | 5 | 2 | |||
Other | 3 | 5 | 0.2 (0.65) | 0.9 (0.5–1.6) | |
EBA181 | Q | K | |||
Q | 5 | 4 | |||
K | 2 | 2 | 0.67 (0.41) | 1.3 (0.7–2.4) | |
EBA175 | EKEKPISENKKK | Other | |||
EKEKPISENKKK | |||||
Other | No data | ||||
EBL-1 | QFFFF.VN | Other | |||
QFFFF.VN | |||||
Other | No data | ||||
MSP1 | KD | Other | |||
KD | 7 | 2 | |||
Other | 5 | 3 | 1.29 (0.26) | 0.8 (0.5–1.2) | |
MSP3 | K1 | 3D7 | |||
K1 | 4 | 2 | |||
3D7 | 3 | 0 | 0.2 (0.65) | 0.9 (0.4–1.7) | |
MSP6 | K1 | 3D7 | |||
K1 | 1 | 2 | |||
3D7 | 3 | 9 | 0.2 (0.65) | 0.8 (0.2–2.7) | |
MSPDBL1 | ALTAIKY | Other | |||
ALTAIKY | |||||
Other | No data | ||||
MSPDBL2 | AHQAIRY | Other | |||
AHQAIRY | 2 | 6 | |||
Other | 7 | 3 | 0.08 (0.78) | 0.9 (0.4–2.0) | |
Rh1 | 4HN2QN | Other | |||
4HN2QN | 1 | 2 | |||
Other | 1 | 3 | 0.33 (0.56) | 1.5 (0.4–6.0) | |
Rh2b | 156insQ585del | Other | |||
156insQ585del | |||||
Other | No data | ||||
Rh5 | HD | YH | |||
HD | 13 | 4 | |||
YH | 0 | 3 |
4 (0.046)
| 1.3 (1.0–1.7) |
Linkage disequilibrium analysis
Frequency distribution of the merozoite gene polymorphisms in the uncomplicated malaria infections between 2007 and 2008
Distribution of PfRh5 polymorphisms in all three malaria infection populations
PfRh5 analysis in all three malaria infection populations
Haplotype | Odds ratio (95 % CI) | p value | ||
---|---|---|---|---|
YH | HD | |||
Age | 1.1 (0.89–1.39) | 0.349 | ||
Year | ||||
2007 | 42 (54) | 36 (46) | 1 | |
2008 | 60 (68) | 27 (31) | 0.11 (0.03–0.37) | <0.001 |
2009 | 51 (80) | 12 (19) | 0.05 (0.01–0.29) | 0.001 |
Population | ||||
Severe | 105 (73) | 38 (27) | 1 | |
Uncomplicated | 25 (51) | 24 (49) | 4.66 (1.75–12.43) | 0.002 |
Asymptomatic | 28 (68) | 13 (32) | 7.43 (1.57–35.16) | 0.011 |