Introduction
Materials and methods
Patient recruitment
Paired CT dataset | Cohort 1 (N = 49) | Cohort 2 (N = 34) | Cohort 3 (N = 32) | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
ECG-gated Cardiac NCCT | Non-ECG-gated Chest NCCT | ECG-gated Cardiac NCCT | Non-ECG-gated Chest NCCT | Non-ECG-gated Chest NCCT | Non-ECG-gated Chest arterial CECT | Non-ECG-gated Chest venous CECT | |
ECG gate | Yes | No | Yes | No | No | No | No |
Field of view | 150 ~ 170 × 150 ~ 170 mm | 360 × 300 ~ 360 mm | 150 ~ 170 × 150 ~ 170 mm | 360 × 300 ~ 360 mm | 360 × 300 ~ 360 mm | 360 × 300 ~ 360 mm | 360 × 300 ~ 360 mm |
Matrix size | 512 × 512 | 512 × 512 | 512 × 512 | 512 × 512 | 512 × 512 | 512 × 512 | 512 × 512 |
Tube voltage (kVp) | 120 | 120 | 120 | 100 | 120 | 120 | 120 |
Contrast given | No | No | No | No | No | Yes, arterial phase | Yes, venous phase |
Collimation (mm) | 128 × 0.6 | 128 × 0.625 | 128 × 0.6 | 128 × 0.625 | 128 × 0.625 | 128 × 0.625 | 128 × 0.625 |
Gantry rotation time (ms) | 330 | 350 | 330 | 350 | 350 | 350 | 350 |
Pitch | 0.24 | 1.2 | 0.24 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 | 1.2 |
Reconstructed slice thickness (mm) | 3 | 1.25 and 5 | 3 | 1.25 and 5 | 1.25 and 5 | 1.25 and 5 | 1.25 and 5 |
Cardiovascular CT protocol and analysis
Chest CT protocol
Epicardial adipose tissue volume quantification
Statistics
Results
Overall (N = 115) | Cohort 1 (N = 49) | Cohort 2 (N = 34) | Cohort 3 (N = 32) | p value | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years) | 62 ± 11 | 64 ± 11 | 57 ± 9 | 68 ± 9 | < 0.001 |
Male (%) | 74 (64%) | 30 (61%) | 22 (65%) | 22 (69%) | 0.79 |
Body mass index (kg/m2) | 24.7 ± 3.8 | 24.9 ± 3.6 | 25.2 ± 4.0 | 23.7 ± 3.8 | 0.26 |
Hypertension | 43 (37%) | 18 (37%) | 11 (34%) | 14 (44%) | 0.67 |
Diabetes mellitus | 17 (15%) | 5 (10%) | 10 (29%) | 2 (6%) | 0.02 |
Smoking | 16 (14%) | 8 (16%) | 1 (3%) | 7 (22%) | 0.07 |
Hyperlipidemia | 28 (24%) | 11 (22%) | 11 (32%) | 6 (19%) | 0.40 |
Chronic obstructive pulmonary disease | 20 (17%) | 9 (18%) | 2 (6%) | 9 (28%) | 0.04 |
Obstructive coronary artery disease | 32 (39%) | 20 (41%) | 12 (35%) | 0.61 | |
Total coronary calcium score | 20 (0, 82) | 38 (0, 118) | 14.1 (0, 46) | 0.08 |
EAT volume in Cohort 1
Cohort 1, N = 49 (Time interval of 2 CT scans: < 2 weeks) | Cohort 2, N = 34 (Time interval of 2 CT scans: < 2 weeks) | |||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Tube voltage: 120 KPV | Tube voltage: 120 KPV | Tube voltage: 120 KPV | Tube voltage: 100 KPV | |||
Reference: Cardiac NCCT | Chest NCCT-1.25 mm | Chest NCCT-5 mm | Cardiac NCCT | Chest NCCT-1.25 mm | Chest NCCT-5 mm | |
EAT volume (cm3) | 133.7 ± 40.2 | 133.5 ± 41.3 | 123.2 ± 39.6 | 129.6 ± 50.6 | 147.0 ± 56.6 | 137.2 ± 53.9 |
∆Volume, cm3 (%) (vs. Reference) | N/A | − 0.9 (− 3.1, 2.6); − 0.6 (− 2.3, 2.6)% | − 9.6 (− 12.5, − 7.4); − 7.5 (− 9.0, − 6.2)% | N/A | 16.9 (11.1, 20.5); 13.2 (10.5, 17.0)% | 6.9 (3.8, 10.0); 5.8 (2.9, 8.8)% |
p-value 1 (vs. Reference) | N/A | 0.74 | < 0.001 | N/A | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |
EAT radiodensity (HU) | − 78.1 ± 6.3 | − 79.4 ± 7.6 | − 74.5 ± 6.7 | − 78.0 ± 4.7 | − 83.9 ± 6.1 | − 79.5 ± 5.5 |
p -value 2 (vs. Reference) | N/A | 0.10 | < 0.001 | N/A | < 0.001 | 0.021 |
Cohort 3, N = 32 | ||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Reference: Chest NCCT-1.25 mm | Chest CECT- 1.25 mm-arterial | Chest CECT-1.25 mm-venous | Reference: Chest NCCT-5 mm- | Chest CECT- 5 mm- arterial | Chest CECT- 5 mm- venous | |
EAT volume (cm3) | 117.8 ± 57.7 | 87.9 ± 50.1 | 98.8 ± 54.1 | 108.6 ± 55.2 | 81.1 ± 47.6 | 90.6 ± 52.1 |
∆Volume, cm3 (%) (vs. Reference) | N/A | − 29.9 ± 10.6 (− 28.1 ± 9.5%) | − 19.0 ± 9.1 (− 17.9 ± 8.4%) | N/A | − 27.5 ± 10.7 (− 27.8 ± 8.6%) | − 18.0 ± 7.0 (− 19.4 ± 8.3%) |
p-value 1 (vs. Reference) | N/A | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | < 0.001 | |
EAT radiodensity(HU) | − 76.7 ± 7.3 | − 75.9 ± 6.6 | − 74.9 ± 5.4 | − 74.0 ± 6.3 | − 71.7 ± 6.0 | − 72.6 ± 5.7 |
p-value 2 (vs. Reference) | N/A | 0.033 | 0.028 | N/A | < 0.001 | < 0.001 |