Background
Method
Search strategy
Inclusion criteria
Exclusion criteria
Literature selection and data extraction
Data analysis and assessment of risk bias
Results
Characteristics of included studies
Study | Region | Date | number (n, %) | Age | symptoms (%) | comorbidity (n, %) | ||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
All | male | female | non-severe | severe | Fever | Cough | Myalgia | Dyspnea | All | non-severe | severe | |||||
1 | Cheng Kebin | Wuhan Jinyintan Hospital, Hubei, China | 01.01–02.06 | 463 | 244 (53) | 219 (47) | 282 (61) | 181 (39) | 51 (43,60) | 90 | 77 | 13 | 42 | 45 (9) | 25 (10) | 20 (9) |
2 | Fang Xiaowei | Anhui Provincial Hospital, Hefei, China | 01.22–02.18 | 79 | 45 (57) | 34 (43) | 55 (70) | 24 (30) | 45 ± 16 | 85 | 57 | 34 | 11 | 27 (34) | 11 (20) | 16 (66) |
3 | Li dan | Zhuzhou Central Hospital, Hunan, China | 01.20–02.27 | 80 | 40 (50) | 40 (50) | 63 (79) | 17 (21) | 47 (3–90) | 74 | 71 | 27 | 23 | 22 (27) | – | – |
4 | Li Kunhua | The Second Affiliated Hospital of Chongqing Medical University, Chongqing, China | 01.01–02.29 | 83 | 44 (53) | 39 (47) | 58 (70) | 25 (30) | 45 ± 12 | 87 | 78 | 18 | 11 | 15 (18) | 4 (6) | 11 (44) |
5 | Sun Lijun | Beijing 302 Hospital, Beijing, China | 01.20–02.15 | 55 | 31 (56) | 24 (44) | 40 (73) | 15 (27) | 44 (34–56) | 82 | 47 | 18 | 9 | 21 (23) | 9 (15) | 12 (40) |
6 | Xiao Kaihu | Chongqing University Three Gorges Hospital, Chongqing, China | 01.23–02.08 | 143 | 73 (51) | 70 (49) | 107 (75) | 36 (25) | 45.1 ± 1.0 | 67 | 53 | 26 | 18 | 46 (32) | 29 (27) | 17 (47) |
7 | Yuan Jing | Affiliated Public health hospital of southwest university, Chongqing, China | 01.24–02.23 | 223 | 105 (47) | 118 (53) | 192 (86) | 31 (14) | 46.5 ± 16.1 | 53 | 51 | 5 | 5 | 54 (24) | 40 (21) | 14 (45) |
8 | Zhang Guqin | Zhongnan Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China | 01.02–02.10 | 221 | 108 (49) | 113 (51) | 166 (75) | 55 (25) | 55 (39–66) | 91 | 61 | – | 29 | 78 (35) | 40 (24) | 38 (69) |
9 | Zhang Jin-jin | No. 7 Hospital of Wuhan, Hubei, China | 01.10–02.03 | 140 | 69 (49) | 71 (51) | 82 (59) | 58 (41) | 57 (25–87) | 92 | 75 | 75 | 37 | 90 (64) | 44 (54) | 46 (80) |
10 | Zhao Cancan | The First Affiliated Hospital of Bengbu Medical College, Anhui, China | 01.24–02.17 | 189 | 91 (48) | 98 (52) | 153 (80) | 36 (20) | 46 ± 16 | 97 | 98 | 20 | 11 | 45 (24) | 25 (16) | 20 (56) |
11 | Zhao Xin-Ying | Jingzhou Central Hospital, Hubei, China | 01.16–02.10 | 91 | 49 (54) | 42 (46) | 61 (67) | 30 (33) | 46 | 65 | 82 | 17 | – | 18 (33) | 10 (25) | 8 (53) |
12 | Zheng Yongli | Chengdu Public Health Clinical Medical Center, Sichuan, China | 01.16–02.20 | 99 | 51 (51) | 48 (49) | 67 (67) | 32 (33) | 49 ± 18 | 86 | 85 | 12 | 35 | 41 (41) | 18 (27) | 23 (72) |
13 | Siqin Zhang | Guizhou Provincial Staff Hospital, Guizhou, China | 02.15–03.31 | 134 | 69 (51) | 65 (49) | 115 (86) | 19 (14) | 33 (21–46) | – | – | – | – | 25 (18) | 13 (18) | 12 (18) |
14 | Yiping Wei | Suizhou Zengdu Hospital, Hubei, China | 01.27–03.11 | 276 | 155 (56) | 121 (44) | 262 (95) | 14 (5) | 51 (41–58) | 100 | 79 | 9 | 15 | 68 (24) | 56 (36) | 12 (9) |
15 | Huilin Fang | Wuhan Third Hospital, Hubei, China | 01.27–03.15 | 1280 | 615 (49) | 655 (51) | 793 (62) | 487 (38) | 63 (51–70) | 68 | 67 | 6 | 6 | 600 (46) | 300 (48) | 300 (45) |
16 | Yang Xiuhong | Wuhan NO.1 Hospital, Hubei, China | 02.12–03.07 | 412 | 183 (44) | 229 (56) | 111 (27) | 301 (73) | 60 ± 14 | 63 | 53 | 23 | 13 | 229 (55) | 69 (37) | 160 (69) |
17 | Ren Meixin | Beijing Youan Hospital, Beijing, China | 01.21–03.31 | 103 | 45 (44) | 58 (56) | 71 (69) | 32 (31) | – | – | – | – | – | 41 (39) | 19 (42) | 22 (37) |
18 | Wang Ling | Huangshi Central Hospital, Hubei, China | 01.23–03.01 | 92 | 42 (46) | 50 (54) | 71 (77) | 21 (23) | 50 ± 16 | 70 | 58 | 1 | – | – | – | – |
19 | Yao Chunyong | Yicheng People’s Hospital, Hubei, China | 01.16–02.09 | 66 | – | – | 55 (83) | 11 (17) | 21–71 | 85 | 71 | – | – | – | – | – |
20 | Lv Yaodong | Nanning Fourth People’s Hospital, Guangxi, China | 01.23–03.02 | 58 | 29 (50) | 29 (50) | 44 (76) | 14 (24) | 55 (3 m-90 yr) | 50 | 57 | 36 | 17 | 26 (44) | 15 (51) | 11 (37) |
21 | Cheng Fang | Wenzhou Central Hospital, Zhejiang, China | 01.15–02.29 | 77 | 43 (56) | 34 (44) | 50 (65) | 27 (35) | 46 ± 16 | 90 | 70 | 8 | 30 | – | – | – |
22 | Shan-Yan Zhang | Multiple hospitals in ZheJiang Province, China | 01.17–02.12 | 788 | 407 (52) | 381 (48) | 710 (90) | 78 (10) | – | 81 | 64 | 12 | – | 218 (27) | 171 (42) | 47 (12) |
23 | Zhengtong Lv | Jiangan Fangcang shelter hospital, Hubei, China | 02.01–03.31 | 409 | 188 (46) | 221 (54) | 361 (88) | 48 (12) | 50 ± 12 | 96 | 74 | 16 | – | – | – | – |
24 | Zhichao Feng | The whole Hunan province, China | 01.17–02.28 | 564 | 284 (50) | 280 (50) | 495 (88) | 69 (12) | 47 (36, 58) | 63 | 57 | 4 | 5 | 132 (23) | 95 (33) | 37 (13) |
25 | Chen Zhao | Union Hospital, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China | 02.13–02.25 | 172 | 82 (48) | 90 (52) | 112 (65) | 60 (35) | 65 (57, 71) | 63 | 55 | 22 | – | 95 (55) | 57 (69) | 38 (42) |
26 | Lingshuang Sheng | Tongji Hospital of Tongji Medical College of Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China | – | 232 | – | – | 102 (44) | 130 (56) | 68 (58–90) | – | – | – | – | 133 (57) | – | – |
27 | Yifei Nie | 279 hospitals in Henan Province, Henan, China | 01.23–02.05 | 655 | 367 (56) | 288 (44) | 583 (90) | 72 (10) | 43 ± 15 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
28 | Sheng-long Chen | 32 hospitals in Guangdong Province, Guangdong, China | 01.14–03.16 | 1168 | 560 (48) | 608 (52) | 1020 (87) | 148 (13) | 43 (32–57) | 69 | 49 | 8 | 7 | 245 (20) | 172 (30) | 73 (12) |
29 | B. Cheng | The Central Hospital of Wuhan, Tongji Medical College, Huazhong University of Science and Technology, Wuhan, Hubei, China | 01.01–03.20 | 456 | 211 (46) | 245 (54) | 205 (45) | 251 (55) | 54 ± 18 | 65 | 53 | 34 | 22 | – | – | – |
30 | Songqiao Liu | 24 hospitals in Jiangsu province, China | 01.10–03.15 | 625 | 329 (53) | 296 (47) | 561 (90) | 64 (10) | 44 ± 17 | 66 | 55 | – | – | – | – | – |
31 | XiaoYu | The Center for disease control and prevention in ShangHai, China | 01.24–02.19 | 333 | 161 (48) | 172 (52) | 307 (92) | 26 (8) | 50 (35, 63) | 82 | 41 | 8 | 1 | 107 (32) | 91 (56) | 16 (9) |
32 | Yanpei Zhang | the People’s Hospital of Honghu, Hubei, China & the First Affiliated Hospital of Nanchang University, Jiangxi, China | 01.01–03.18 | 365 | 176 (48) | 189 (52) | 339 (93) | 26 (7) | 46 ± 15 | 61 | 53 | 0 | 4 | – | – | – |
33 | Yuan Cen | Huoshenshan Hospital & General Hospital of the central theater Command of the people’s Liberation Army & Mobile cabin hospitals in Wuhan, Hubei, China | – | 1007 | 493 (49) | 514 (51) | 720 (71) | 287 (29) | 61 (49–68) | 75 | 65 | 2 | 36 | 364 (36) | 195 (39) | 169 (32) |
34 | Jixiang Zhang | Renmin Hospital of Wuhan University, Hubei, China | 01.11–02.06 | 663 | 321 (48) | 342 (52) | 254 (39) | 409 (61) | 55 (44, 69) | 79 | 62 | 10 | 24 | – | – | – |
35 | Qing Zhang | First Hospital of Jilin University and Infectious Diseases Hospital in Changchun City, Jilin, China | 01.23–02.25 | 41 | 23 (56) | 18 (44) | 33 (80) | 8 (19) | 45 (31, 53) | 78 | 71 | 7 | 20 | – | – | – |
36 | Jing-Bo Wang | Sixth People’s Hospital of Shenyang, Liaoning, China | 01.24–02.17 | 56 | 24 (43) | 32 (57) | 45 (80) | 11 (20) | 45 (21–80) | 75 | 61 | 11 | 27 | 26 (46) | 18 (75) | 8 (25) |
37 | Nannan Zhang | Jining Infectious Disease Hospital, Jining City, Shandong, China | 01.24–03.01 | 78 | 60 (77) | 18 (23) | 72 (92) | 6 (8) | 43 ± 15 | 81 | 46 | 5 | 10 | – | – | – |
38 | Qingchun Yao | Dabieshan Medical Center, Huanggang city, Hubei, China | 01.30–03.11 | 108 | 43 (40) | 65 (60) | 83 (77) | 25 (23) | 52 (37–58) | 74 | 78 | 26 | 14 | 25 (23) | 12 (27) | 13 (20) |
39 | Zixin Shu | Hubei Provincial Hospital of Traditional Chinese Medicine, Hubei, China | 01.15–03.02 | 293 | 135 (46) | 158 (54) | 207 (71) | 86 (29) | 57 ± 15 | 35 | 51 | – | – | 178 (60) | 108 (80) | 70 (44) |
40 | Huihuang Huang | Fifth Medical Center of Chinese PLA General Hospital, Beijing, China | 01.13–03.10 | 64 | 37 (58) | 27 (42) | 43 (67) | 21 (33) | 47 ± 18 | – | – | – | – | – | – | – |
41 | Chang-Zheng Wang | Xiangyang No.1 People’s Hospital, Hubei University of Medicine, Xiangyang, Hubei, China | 01.10–02.28 | 85 | 45 (53) | 40 (47) | 39 (46) | 46 (54) | 59 ± 15 | 89 | 76 | 42 | 9 | – | – | – |
Comorbidities in COVID-19 cases
Diseases | Pooled prevalence | 95% CI | I2 | P |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 0.19 | 0.16–0.22 | 93.9 | < 0.001 |
Cardiovascular disease | 0.06 | 0.04–0.07 | 90.5 | < 0.001 |
Diabetes | 0.09 | 0.08–0.11 | 88.8 | < 0.001 |
COPD | 0.03 | 0.02–0.04 | 83.0 | < 0.001 |
Cerebrovascular disease | 0.03 | 0.02–0.05 | 61.4 | 0.001 |
Chronic renal disease | 0.02 | 0.01–0.02 | 51.5 | 0.004 |
Chronic liver diseases | 0.03 | 0.02–0.04 | 72.5 | < 0.001 |
Malignancy | 0.01 | 0.01–0.02 | 37.8 | 0.045 |
Disease | Prevalence from Meta-analysis (%) | Prevalence from the general population (%) | P-value *** | Reference a |
---|---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 19 | 23.2 | < 0.001 | 2018 [48] |
Cardiovascular disease | 6 | 1.8 | < 0.001 | 2018 [48] |
Cerebrovascular disease | 2 | 0.9 | < 0.001 | 2018 [48] |
Diabetes | 9 | 10.9 | < 0.001 | 2013 [50] |
COPD | 3 | 8.6 | < 0.001 | 2018 [51] |
Chronic liver disease | 3 | > 24.8 | < 0.001 | 2019 [52] |
Chronic kidney disease | 2 | 9.5 | < 0.001 | 2017 [53] |
Malignancy | 1 | 0.6 | < 0.001 | Recent 5-year [49] |
Comorbidities | Egger’s test (P) | Begg’s test (P) |
---|---|---|
Hypertension | 0.375 | 0.578 |
Diabetes | 0.570 | 0.828 |
Cardiovascular diseases | 0.115 | 0.286 |
COPD | 0.144 | 0.185 |
Malignancy | 0.050 | 0.048 |
Chronic liver diseases | 0.798 | 0.673 |
Chronic kidney diseases | 0.260 | 0.566 |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 0.372 | 0.620 |
Comorbidities | Hubei OR (95%CI) | non-Hubei OR (95%CI) | total OR (95%CI) |
---|---|---|---|
Hypertension | 1.79 (1.46–2.19) | 2.96 (2.17–3.35) | 2.13 (1.81–2.51) |
Diabetes | 2.09 (1.76–2.47) | 3.25 (2.48–4.26) | 2.49 (2.10–2.96) |
Cardiovascular diseases | 2.43 (1.90–3.09) | 3.32 (2.08–5.29) | 2.76 (2.18–3.49) |
COPD | 2.78 (2.09–3.69) | 4.60 (2.34–9.06) | 3.14 (2.35–4.19) |
Malignancy | 2.46 (1.27–4.78) | 3.32 (1.77–6.23) | 2.63 (1.75–3.95) |
Chronic liver diseases | 1.12 (0.71–1.78) | 1.53 (0.99–2.37) | 1.32 (0.96–1.82) |
Chronic kidney diseases | 2.95 (1.51–5.79) | 6.28 (3.05–12.94) | 3.60 (2.18–5.94) |
Cerebrovascular diseases | 3.64 (2.32–5.72) | 3.87 (1.81–8.29) | 3.70 (2.51–5.45) |