nach oben

Journal of Family Violence

Erschienen in:

23.11.2020 | COVID-19 | Original Article Zur Zeit gratis

Understanding the Relationships between Parenting Stress and Mental Health with Grandparent Kinship Caregivers’ Risky Parenting Behaviors in the Time of COVID-19

verfasst von: Yanfeng Xu, Qi Wu, Merav Jedwab, Sue E. Levkoff

Erschienen in: Journal of Family Violence | Ausgabe 5/2022

Einloggen, um Zugang zu erhalten

Abstract

Grandparent kinship caregivers may experience increased parenting stress and mental distress during the COVID-19 pandemic. It may lead to risky parenting behaviors, such as psychological aggression, corporal punishment, and neglectful behaviors towards their grandchildren. This study aims to examine (1) the relationships between parenting stress, mental health, and grandparent kinship caregivers’ risky parenting practices, such as psychological aggression, corporal punishment, and neglectful behaviors towards their grandchildren during the COVID-19 pandemic, and (2) whether grandparent kinship caregivers’ mental health is a potential mediator between parenting stress and caregivers’ psychological aggression, corporal punishment, and neglectful behaviors. A cross-sectional survey among grandparent kinship caregivers (N = 362) was conducted in June 2020 in the United States. Descriptive analyses, negative binomial regression analyses, and mediation analyses were conducted using STATA 15.0. We found that (1) grandparent kinship caregivers’ high parenting stress and low mental health were associated with more psychological aggression, corporal punishment, and neglectful parenting behaviors during COVID-19; and (2) grandparent kinship caregivers’ mental health partially mediated the relationships between parenting stress and their psychological aggression, corporal punishment, and neglectful behaviors. Results suggest that decreasing grandparent kinship caregivers’ parenting stress and improving their mental health are important for reducing child maltreatment risk during COVID-19.

Abidin, R. R. (1995). Parenting stress inventory. Psychological Assessment Resources.

Baron, R. M., & Kenny, D. A. (1986). The moderator-mediator variable distinction in social psychological research: Conceptual, strategic, and statistical considerations. Journal of Personality and Social Psychology, 51(6), 1173–1182. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-3514.51.6.1173.CrossRefPubMed

Baron, E. J., Goldstein, E. G., & Wallace, C. T. (2020). Suffering in silence: How COVID-19 school closures inhibit the reporting of child maltreatment. Journal of Public Economics. https://doi.org/10.2139/ssrn.3601399

Belsky, J. (1993). Etiology of child maltreatment: A developmental ecological analysis. Psychological Bulletin, 114(3), 413–434. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.114.3.413.CrossRefPubMed

Bhopal, S., Buckland, A., McCrone, R., Villis, A. I., & Owens, S. (2020). Who has been missed? Dramatic decrease in numbers of children seen for child protection assessments during the pandemic. Archives of Disease in Childhood. https://doi.org/10.1136/archdischild-2020-319783

Broadhead, W. E., Gehlbach, S. H., DeGruy, F. V., & Kaplan, B. H. (1989). Functional versus structural social support and health care utilization in a family medicine outpatient practice. Medical Care, 27(3), 221–233. https://doi.org/10.1097/00005650-198903000-00001.CrossRefPubMed

Brooks, S. K., Webster, R. K., Smith, L. E., Woodland, L., Wessely, S., Greenberg, N., & Rubin, G. J. (2020). The psychological impact of quarantine and how to reduce it: Rapid review of the evidence. The Lancet, 395, 912–920. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0140-6736(20)30460-8.CrossRef

Brooks-Gunn, J., Schneider, W., & Waldfogel, J. (2013). The great recession and the risk for child maltreatment. Child Abuse & Neglect, 37(10), 721–729. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2013.08.004.CrossRef

Casady, M. A., & Lee, R. E. (2002). Environments of physically neglected children. Psychological Reports, 91, 711–721. https://doi.org/10.2466/pr0.2002.91.3.711.CrossRefPubMed

Charalambides, A. (2019). Promoting digital literacy and active ageing for senior citizens: The GRANKIT project–grandparents and grandchildren keep in touch. https://pdfs.semanticscholar.org/b8d0/70dc0ea57b1a39e69007905826cf0839b020.pdf

Child Welfare Information Gateway (2014). About kinship care. https://www.childwelfare.gov/topics/outofhome/kinship/about/

Conron, K. J., Beardslee, W., Koenen, K. C., Buka, S. L., & Gortmaker, S. L. (2009). A longitudinal study of maternal depression and child maltreatment in a national sample of families investigated by child protective services. Archives of Pediatrics & Adolescent Medicine, 163(10), 922–930. https://doi.org/10.1001/archpediatrics.2009.176.CrossRef

Crouch, J. L., & Behl, L. E. (2001). Relationships among parental beliefs in corporal punishment, reported stress, and physical child abuse potential. Child Abuse & Neglect, 25(3), 413–419. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(00)00256-8.CrossRef

Cuartas, J., Grogan-Kaylor, A., Ma, J., & Castillo, B. (2019). Civil conflict, domestic violence, and poverty as predictors of corporal punishment in Colombia. Child Abuse & Neglect, 90, 108–119 http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.02.003.CrossRef

Deater-Deckard, K. (1998). Parenting stress and child adjustment: Some old hypotheses and new questions. Clinical Psychology: Science and Practice, 5(3), 314–332. https://doi.org/10.1111/j.1468-2850.1998.tb00152.x.CrossRef

Doidge, J. C., Higgins, D. J., Delfabbro, P., & Segal, L. (2017). Risk factors for child maltreatment in an Australian population-based birth cohort. Child Abuse & Neglect, 64, 47–60. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2016.12.002.CrossRef

Emsley, R., & Liu, H. (2013). PARAMED: Stata module to perform causal mediation analysis using parametric regression models. https://econpapers.repec.org/software/bocbocode/s457581.htm

Folger, S. F., & Wright, M. O. D. (2013). Altering risk following child maltreatment: Family and friend support as protective factors. Journal of Family Violence, 28(4), 325–337. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-013-9510-4.CrossRef

Gardner, W., Mulvey, E. P., & Shaw, E. C. (1995). Regression analyses of counts and rates: Poisson, overdispersed Poisson, and negative binomial models. Psychological Bulletin, 118(3), 392–404. https://doi.org/10.1037/0033-2909.118.3.392.CrossRefPubMed

Hart, S.N., Brassard, M.R., & Karlson, H.C. (1996). Psychological maltreatment. In Briere, J. E., Berliner, L. E., Bulkley, J. A., Jenny, C. E., & Reid, T. E (Eds.). The APSAC handbook on child maltreatment (pp. 72–89). Sage.

Hill, R. (1949). Families under stress: Adjustment to the crises of war separation and Reunion. Harper & Brothers.

Holden, E. W., & Banez, G. A. (1996). Child abuse potential and parenting stress within maltreating families. Journal of Family Violence, 11(1), 1–12. https://doi.org/10.1007/BF02333337.CrossRef

Humphreys, K. L., Myint, M. T., & Zeanah, C. H. (2020). Increased risk for family violence during the COVID-19 pandemic. Pediatrics, 145(4), e20200982. https://doi.org/10.1542/peds.2020-0982.CrossRef

Hurt, S., Ball, A., & Wedell, K (2020, Mar) Children more at risk for abuse and neglect amid coronavirus pandemic, experts say. https://www.usatoday.com/story/news/investigations/2020/03/21/coronavirus-pandemic-could-become-child-abuse-pandemic-experts-warn/2892923001/

Jonson-Reid, M., Drake, B., Cobetto, C., & Ocampo, M. (2020). Child abuse prevention month in the context of COVID-19. https://cicm.wustl.edu/child-abuse-prevention-month-in-the-context-of-covid-19.

Kaminski, P. L., Hayslip Jr., B., Wilson, J. L., & Casto, L. N. (2008). Parenting attitudes and adjustment among custodial grandparents. Journal of Intergenerational Relationships, 6(3), 263–284. https://doi.org/10.1080/15350770802157737.CrossRef

Kelley, S. J. (1992). Parenting stress and child maltreatment in drug-exposed children. Child Abuse & Neglect, 16(3), 317–328. https://doi.org/10.1016/0145-2134(92)90042-P.CrossRef

Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D., Sipe, T. A., & Yorker, B. C. (2000). Psychological distress in grandmother kinship care providers: The role of resources, social support, and physical health. Child Abuse & Neglect, 24(3), 311–321. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(99)00146-5.CrossRef

Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2011). Behavior problems in children raised by grandmothers: The role of caregiver distress, family resources, and the home environment. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(11), 2138–2145. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.06.021.CrossRef

Kelley, S. J., Whitley, D. M., & Campos, P. E. (2013). Psychological distress in African American grandmothers raising grandchildren: The contribution of child behavior problems, physical health, and family resources. Research in Nursing and Health, 36(4), 373–385. https://doi.org/10.1002/nur.21542.CrossRefPubMed

Kirby, J. N. (2015). The potential benefits of parenting programs for grandparents: Recommendations and clinical implications. Journal of Child and Family Studies, 24(11), 3200–3212. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10826-015-0123-9.CrossRef

Kirby, J. N., & Sanders, M. R. (2014). A randomized controlled trial evaluating a parenting program designed specifically for grandparents. Behaviour Research and Therapy, 52, 35–44. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.brat.2013.11.002.CrossRefPubMed

Kobulsky, J. M., Dubowitz, H., & Xu, Y. (2019). The global challenge of the neglect of children. Child Abuse & Neglect., 104296. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2019.104296.

Kwok, S. Y. C. L., & Wong, D. (2000). Mental health of parents with young children in Hong Kong: The roles of parenting stress and parenting self-efficacy. Child and Family Social Work, 5(1), 57–65. https://doi.org/10.1046/j.1365-2206.2000.00138.x.CrossRef

Lee, S. J. (2013). Paternal and household characteristics associated with child neglect and child protective services involvement. Journal of Social Service Research, 39(2), 171–187 http://dx.doi.org.ezproxy1.lib.asu.edu/10.1080/01488376.2012.744618.CrossRef

Lee, Y., & Jang, K. (2019). Mental health of grandparents raising grandchildren: Understanding predictors of grandparents’ depression. Innovation in Aging, 3(Supplement 1), S282-S282. https://doi.org/10.1093/geroni/igz038.1042

Lee, S. J., Perron, B. E., Taylor, C. A., & Guterman, N. B. (2011). Paternal psychosocial characteristics and corporal punishment of their 3-year-old children. Journal of Interpersonal Violence, 26(1), 71–87. https://doi.org/10.1177/0886260510362888.CrossRefPubMed

Lee, E., Clarkson-Hendrix, M., & Lee, Y. (2016). Parenting stress of grandparents and other kin as informal kinship caregivers: A mixed methods study. Children and Youth Services Review, 69, 29–38. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2016.07.013.CrossRef

Liu, L., & Wang, M. (2015). Parenting stress and harsh discipline in China: The moderating roles of marital satisfaction and parent gender. Child Abuse & Neglect, 43, 73–82. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2015.01.014.CrossRef

Martinkevich, P., Larsen, L. L., Græsholt-Knudsen, T., Hesthaven, G., Hellfritzsch, M. B., Petersen, K. K., ... & Rölfing, J. D. (2020). Physical child abuse demands increased awareness during health and socioeconomic crises like COVID-19: A review and education material. Acta Orthopaedica, 1–7. https://doi.org/10.1080/17453674.2020.1782012

Mullick, M., Miller, L. J., & Jacobsen, T. (2001). Insight into mental illness and child maltreatment risk among mothers with major psychiatric disorders. Psychiatric Services, 52(4), 488–492. https://doi.org/10.1176/appi.ps.52.4.488.CrossRefPubMed

Niu, H., Liu, L., & Wang, M. (2018). Intergenerational transmission of harsh discipline: The moderating role of parenting stress and parent gender. Child Abuse & Neglect, 79, 1–10. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2018.01.017.CrossRef

Proctor, L. J., & Dubowitz, H. (2014). Child neglect: Challenges and controversies, In Handbook of child maltreatment (pp. 27–61). Dordrecht: Springer.

Qualtrics. (n.d.). Online panels. https://www.qualtrics.com/support/survey-platform/sp-administration/brand-customization-services/purchase-respondents/

Self-Brown, S., Anderson, P., Edwards, S., & McGill, T. (2013). Child maltreatment and disaster prevention: A qualitative study of community agency perspectives. Western Journal of Emergency Medicine, 14(4), 401–407. https://doi.org/10.5811/westjem.2013.2.16206.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Shin, D. W., & Stein, M. A. (2008). Maternal depression predicts maternal use of corporal punishment in children with attention-deficit/hyperactivity disorder. Yonsei Medical Journal, 49(4), 573–580. https://doi.org/10.3349/ymj.2008.49.4.573.CrossRefPubMedPubMedCentral

Slack, K. S., Berger, L. M., DuMont, K., Yang, M. Y., Kim, B., Ehrhard-Dietzel, S., & Holl, J. L. (2011). Risk and protective factors for child neglect during early childhood: A cross-study comparison. Children and Youth Services Review, 33(8), 1354–1363. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2011.04.024.CrossRef

Starr, R. H., Dubowitz, H., Harrington, D., & Feigelman, S. (1999). Behavior problems of teens in kinship care: Cross-informant reports. In R. L. Hegar & M. Scannapieco (Eds.), Kinship foster care: Policy, practice, research (pp. 193–207). Oxford University Press.

StataCorp. (2017). Stata statistical software: Release 15. College Station, TX: StataCorp LP.

Stith, S. M., Liu, T., Davies, L. C., Boykin, E. L., Alder, M. C., Harris, J. M., Som, A., McPherson, M., & Dees, J. E. M. E. G. (2009). Risk factors in child maltreatment: A meta-analytic review of the literature. Aggression and Violent Behavior, 14(1), 13–29. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.avb.2006.03.006.CrossRef

Straus, M. A., & Donnelly, D. A. (1993). Corporal punishment of adolescents by American parents. Youth & Society, 24(4), 419–442.CrossRef

Straus, M. A., Hamby, S. L., Finkelhor, D., Moore, D. W., & Runyan, D. (1998). Identification of child maltreatment with the parent-child conflict tactics scales: Development and psychometric data for a national sample of American parents. Child Abuse & Neglect, 22(4), 249–270. https://doi.org/10.1016/s0145-2134(97)00174-9.CrossRef

Swann, C. A., & Sylvester, M. (2006). Does the child welfare system serve the neediest kinship care families? Children and Youth Services Review, 28(10), 1213–1228. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.childyouth.2005.11.007.CrossRef

Taylor, S. E., & Stanton, A. L. (2007). Coping resources, coping processes, and mental health. Annual Review of Clinical Psychology, 3, 377–401. https://doi.org/10.1146/annurev.clinpsy.3.022806.091520.CrossRefPubMed

The Bendheim-Thoman Center for Research on Child Wellbeing (2018). 9.4. Scale material hardship. https://fragilefamilies.princeton.edu/sites/fragilefamilies/files/year_1_guide.pdf#page=22

Trainor, K., Mallett, J., & Rushe, T. (2013). Age related differences in mental health scale scores and depression diagnosis: Adult responses to the CIDI-SF and MHI-5. Journal of Affective Disorders, 151(2), 639–645. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.jad.2013.07.011.CrossRefPubMed

United States Census Bureau. (2012-2016). Grandparents as caregivers. https://www.census.gov/acs/www/about/why-we-ask-each-question/grandparents/

Veit, C. T., & Ware, J. E. (1983). The structure of psychological distress and well-being in general populations. Journal of Consulting and Clinical Psychology, 51(5), 730–742. https://doi.org/10.1037/0022-006x.51.5.730.CrossRefPubMed

Waldrop, D. P., & Weber, J. A. (2001). From grandparent to caregiver: The stress and satisfaction of raising grandchildren. Families in Society, 82(5), 461–472. https://doi.org/10.1606/1044-3894.177.CrossRef

Walsh, C., MacMillan, H., & Jamieson, E. (2002). The relationship between parental psychiatric disorder and child physical and sexual abuse: Findings from the Ontario health supplement. Child Abuse & Neglect, 26(1), 11–22. https://doi.org/10.1016/S0145-2134(01)00308-8.CrossRef

Whitley, D. M., Kelley, S. J., & Lamis, D. A. (2016). Depression, social support, and mental health: A longitudinal mediation analysis in African American custodial grandmothers. The International Journal of Aging and Human Development, 82(2–3), 166–187. https://doi.org/10.1177/0091415015626550.CrossRefPubMed

World Health Organization. (2020). Mental health and psychosocial considerations during the COVID-19 outbreak, 18 March 2020 (No. WHO/2019-nCoV/MentalHealth/2020.1). World Health Organization.

Wu, Q., & Xu, Y. (2020). Parenting stress and risk of child maltreatment during the COVID-19 pandemic: A family stress theory-informed perspective. Developmental Child Welfare, 1-17. https://doi.org/10.1177/2516103220967937.

Xu, Y., Wu, Q., Levkoff, S., & Jedwab, M. (2020). Material hardship and parenting stress during the COVID-19 pandemic among grandparent kinship providers: The mediating role of grandparents’ mental health. Child Abuse & Neglect., 104700. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2020.104700.

Yang, M. Y. (2015). The effect of material hardship on child protective service involvement. Child Abuse & Neglect, 41, 113–125. https://doi.org/10.1016/j.chiabu.2014.05.009.CrossRef

Titel: Understanding the Relationships between Parenting Stress and Mental Health with Grandparent Kinship Caregivers’ Risky Parenting Behaviors in the Time of COVID-19
verfasst von: Yanfeng Xu
Qi Wu
Merav Jedwab
Sue E. Levkoff
Publikationsdatum: 23.11.2020
Verlag: Springer US
Schlagwort: COVID-19
Erschienen in: Journal of Family Violence / Ausgabe 5/2022
Print ISSN: 0885-7482
Elektronische ISSN: 1573-2851
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s10896-020-00228-3

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

08.05.2024 Gesellschaft Nachrichten

In einer Leseranfrage in der Zeitschrift Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology möchte ein anonymer Dermatologe bzw. eine anonyme Dermatologin wissen, ob er oder sie einen Patienten behandeln muss, der eine rassistische Tätowierung trägt.

Wartezeit nicht kürzer, aber Arbeit flexibler

Psychotherapie Medizin aktuell

Fünf Jahren nach der Neugestaltung der Psychotherapie-Richtlinie wurden jetzt die Effekte der vorgenommenen Änderungen ausgewertet. Das Hauptziel der Novellierung war eine kürzere Wartezeit auf Therapieplätze. Dieses Ziel wurde nicht erreicht, es gab jedoch positive Auswirkungen auf andere Bereiche.

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

07.05.2024 Suizid Nachrichten

Der belastende Arbeitsalltag wirkt sich negativ auf die psychische Gesundheit der Angehörigen ärztlicher Berufsgruppen aus. Chirurginnen und Chirurgen bilden da keine Ausnahme, im Gegenteil.

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

07.05.2024 Klinik aktuell Nachrichten

Extreme Arbeitsverdichtung und kaum Supervision: Dr. Andrea Martini, Sprecherin des Bündnisses Junge Ärztinnen und Ärzte (BJÄ) über den Frust des ärztlichen Nachwuchses und die Vorteile des Rucksack-Modells.

Update Psychiatrie

Bestellen Sie unseren Fach-Newsletter und bleiben Sie gut informiert.

Newsletter bestellen

Klimawandel und Gesundheit: Was Sie in der Hausarztpraxis wissen müssen und tun können

Springer Medizin

Understanding the Relationships between Parenting Stress and Mental Health with Grandparent Kinship Caregivers’ Risky Parenting Behaviors in the Time of COVID-19

Abstract

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Wartezeit nicht kürzer, aber Arbeit flexibler

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Update Psychiatrie

Klimawandel und Gesundheit: Was Sie in der Hausarztpraxis wissen müssen und tun können

Springer Medizin

Abstract

Bitte loggen Sie sich ein, um Zugang zu diesem Inhalt zu erhalten

Weitere Artikel der Ausgabe 5/2022

The COVID-19 Pandemic and Family Violence: Reflecting on Two Years’ Research

Burnout von Eltern und Kindesmisshandlung während der COVID-19-Pandemie

The Influence of the Ongoing COVID-19 Pandemic on Family Violence in China

Physical and Emotional Sibling Violence in the Time of COVID -19

Intimate Partner Violence and COVID-19 in Rural, Remote, and Northern Canada: Relationship, Vulnerability and Risk

Loneliness and the COVID-19 Pandemic: Implications for Intimate Partner Violence Survivors

Neu im Fachgebiet Psychiatrie

Darf man die Behandlung eines Neonazis ablehnen?

Wartezeit nicht kürzer, aber Arbeit flexibler

Chirurginnen und Chirurgen sind stark suizidgefährdet

Ein Drittel der jungen Ärztinnen und Ärzte erwägt abzuwandern

Update Psychiatrie