General overview of CD and breast cancer
Molecular mechanisms shared by CD and breast cancer
Gene symbol | Gene name | Upregulated or downregulated |
---|---|---|
AREG | Amphiregulin | Up |
BAG4 | BCL2associatedathanogene4 | Up |
BCL3 | BCL3transcriptioncoactivator | Up |
C5AR1 | ComplementC5areceptor1 | Up |
CCR1 | C–Cmotifchemokinereceptor1 | Up |
CCRL2 | C–Cmotifchemokinereceptorlike2 | Up |
CD83 | Clusterofdifferentiation83molecule | Up |
CD9 | Clusterofdifferentiation9molecule | Up |
CXCL2 | C–X–Cmotifchemokineligand2 | Up |
CXCL8 | C–X–Cmotifchemokineligand8 | Up |
DNAJC3 | DnaJheatshockproteinfamily(Hsp40)memberC3 | Up |
DSC2 | Desmocollin2 | Up |
DUSP5 | Dualspecifcityphosphatase5 | Up |
EGR1 | Earlygrowthresponse1 | Up |
EGR2 | Earlygrowthresponse2 | Up |
EGR3 | Earlygrowthresponse3 | Up |
EPB41L3 | Erythrocytemembraneproteinband4.1like3 | Up |
FOSB | FosBproto-oncogene,AP-1transcriptionfactorsubunit | Up |
FOSL2 | FOSlike2,AP-1transcriptionfactorsubunit | Up |
G0S2 | G0/G1switch2 | Up |
GAB2 | GRB2associatedbindingprotein2 | Up |
GABARAPL1 | GABAtypeAreceptorassociatedproteinlike1 | Up |
HBEGF | HeparinbindingEGFlikegrowthfactor | Up |
IER3 | Immediateearlyresponse3 | Up |
IL1B | Interleukin1beta | Up |
MAFB | MAFbZIPtranscriptionfactorB | Up |
MARCKS | MyristoylatedalaninerichproteinkinaseCsubstrate | Up |
NAMPT | Nicotinamidephosphoribosyltransferase | Up |
NFIL3 | Nuclearfactor, interleukin3regulated | Up |
NR4A2 | Nuclearreceptorsubfamily4groupAmember2 | Up |
OSM | OncostatinM | Up |
PFKFB3 | 6-phosphofructo-2-kinase/fructose-2,6-biphosphatase3 | Up |
PLAUR | Plasminogenactivator,urokinasereceptor | Up |
PPP1R15A | Proteinphosphatase1regulatorysubunit15A | Up |
PTGS2 | Prostaglandin-endoperoxidesynthase2 | Up |
PTX3 | Pentraxin3 | Up |
PVALB | Parvalbumin | Up |
RAB20 | RAB20,memberRASoncogenefamily | Up |
RGS1 | RegulatorofGproteinsignaling1 | Up |
SAMSN1 | SAMdomain,SH3domainandnuclearlocalizationsignals1 | Up |
SGK1 | Serum/glucocorticoidregulatedkinase1 | Up |
STX11 | Syntaxin11 | Up |
TNFRSF21 | TNFreceptorsuperfamilymember21 | Up |
TRIB1 | Tribblespseudokinase1 | Up |
HIST2H2BE | H2Bclusteredhistone21? | Up |
LOC100129518 | SOD2overlappingtranscript1,SOD2 | Up |
ABHD17A | Abhydrolasedomaincontaining17A | Down |
IFT74 | Intrafagellartransport74 | Down |
MPHOSPH8 | M-phasephosphoprotein8 | Down |
RBM41 | RNAbindingmotifprotein41 | Down |
TIPRL | TORsignalingpathwayregulator | Down |
NOTCH2NL | Notch2N-terminallikeA | Down |
RP11-395B7.7 | Pre-mRNAprocessingfactor31 | Down |
The intestinal inflammatory response and TNF-α signaling in CD promote the development of breast cancer
Gut flora dysbiosis promotes the development of CD and breast cancer
CD promotes the development of breast cancer through the brain–intestinal and is axis related to anxiety and depression
Depression | Study | Results | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Crohn’s disease | Article | Unadjusted model | HR (95% CI) 1.67 (1.44–1.93) | [60] |
Multivariable adjusted model | HR (95% CI) 2.11 (1.65–2.70) | |||
Crohn’s disease | Review | 95% CI 20.7–30.0 P < 0.0001 | [61] | |
Crohn’s disease | Meta-analysis | Any | Pooled prevalence (%, 95% CI) 24.8% (20.7–29.3) P < 0.0001 | [62] |
HADS | Pooled prevalence (%, 95% CI) 23.0% (18.8–27.6) P < 0.0001 | |||
PHQ-9 | Pooled prevalence (%, 95% CI) 29.0% (18.8–40.3) P < 0.0001 | |||
Crohn’s disease | Article | OR (95% CI) 0.37 (0.044–3.18) | [63] | |
Crohn’s disease | Review | HBI | RR(95% CI) 2.3 (1.9–2.3) | [64] |
Crohn’s disease | Meta-analysis | DeLange | OR(95% CI)1.27 [1.02; 1.58] | [48] |
FinnGen | OR(95% CI)1.36 [0.94; 1.98] | |||
Combined effect | OR(95% CI)1.29 [1.07; 1.56) | |||
Crohn’s disease | Article | Age-adjusted | HR (95% CI)2.55 (1.51–4.29) P value 0.0003 | [65] |
Multivariate | HR (95% CI) 2.36 (1.40–3.99) P value 0.0010 | |||
Breast cancer | Meta-analysis | NO.study5 | Before diagnosis HR (95% CI) 1.33 (1.22–1.45) | [66] |
After diagnosis HR (95% CI) 1.22 (1.05–1.41) | ||||
Breast cancer | Meta-analysis | Major depression | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) 1.00 (0.88–1.15) | [67] |
Minor depression | Unadjusted HR (95% CI) 0.92 (0.82–1.02) | |||
Breast cancer | Article | Married | OR (95%CI) 0.27 (0.11–0.63) P value 0.002 | [68] |
Inactive | OR (95%CI) 0.46 (0.23–0.92) P value 0.029 |
Current treatment measures
Combination of novel biologic agents with existing breast cancer and other cancer treatment methods
Biological agent | Cancer | Results | References | |
---|---|---|---|---|
Vedolizumab | Solid Tumor | Continue | [75] | |
Lymphoma | ||||
Breast cancer | Ratio of expected to observed (95% CI) | 0.397 (0.048–1.435) | [76] | |
Gynaecologic cancer | 0.821 (0.021–4.575) | |||
Lymphoma | 0.309 (0.008–1.722) | |||
Incident cancer | Multivariate analysis HR [95% CI] | 0.2 [0.1–0.6] P = 0.01 | [77] | |
New or recurrent cancer | Adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident cancer | 0.72 (0.38–1.39) | [78] | |
New or recurrent cancer | Adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident cancer | 1.36 (0.27–7.01) | [79] | |
Solid cancers | Consider using | [80] | ||
Cervical cancer | ||||
Solid tumor | Continue | [87] | ||
Continue | Continue | [85] | ||
Primary cancer diagnosis | HR (95% CI) for incident cancer | 0.18 (0.03–1.35) P = 0.096 | [101] | |
Ustekinumab | New or recurrent cancer | Adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident cancer | 0.96 (0.17–5.41) | [79] |
Solid cancers | Consider using | [80] | ||
Cervical cancer | ||||
Breast cancer | Continue | [85] | ||
Primary cancer diagnosis | Primary cancer diagnosis | 0.88 (0.25–3.03) P = 0.833 | [101] | |
Anti-TNF | Incident cancer | Multivariate analysis HR [95% CI] | 0.4 [0.2–0.8] P = 0.01 | [77] |
New or recurrent cancer | Adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident cancer | 1.03 (0.65–1.64) | [78] | |
New or recurrent cancer | Adjusted HR (95% CI) for incident cancer | 0.70 (0.10–4.74) | [79] | |
Solid cancers | Consider using | [80] | ||
Cervical cancer | ||||
Breast cancer | Continue | [85] | ||
Risk of colorectal cancer | OR (95% CI) | 0.69 (0.66–0.73) P < 0.0001 | [100] | |
Primary cancer diagnosis | HR (95% CI) for incident cancer | 0.47 (0.20–1.12) P = 0.087 | [101] |