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01.11.2001 | Leading Article

Current Evidence for Neuroprotective Effects of Nicotine and Caffeine Against Parkinson’s Disease

verfasst von: G. Webster Ross, Helen Petrovitch

Erschienen in: Drugs & Aging | Ausgabe 11/2001

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Abstract

Parkinson’s disease (PD) is the second most common neurodegenerative disorder affecting 1 to 3% of individuals over the age of 65 years. While effective therapy exists for treating the bradykinesia, rigidity and tremor associated with the disease, the cause is unknown. There is no treatment available to prevent or slow the progressive neuronal loss in the substantia nigra and associated decreased levels of dopamine in the striatum that underlie the cardinal features of the disease.

Both retrospective and prospective epidemiological studies have consistently demonstrated an inverse association between cigarette smoking and PD, leading to theories that smoking in general and nicotine in particular might be neuroprotective. Nicotine has been shown in animals to stimulate the release of dopamine in the striatum, and to preserve nigral neurons and striatal dopamine levels in laboratory animals with lesioned nigrostriatal pathways.

Coffee and caffeine consumption have also been shown in epidemiological studies to be inversely related to PD risk. Caffeine is an adenosine A_2A receptor antagonist that enhances locomotor activity in animal models of parkinsonism. Theophylline, a related compound that has A_2A receptor blocking properties, has been shown in one small trial to improve motor function in patients with PD.

Recently, potent and highly selective A_2A receptor antagonists have been developed that have demonstrated improvement in motor function in animal models of parkinsonism. Exciting findings are emerging that demonstrate attenuation of dopaminergic neurotoxicity with caffeine and other adenosine receptor antagonists in mice given the neurotoxin l-methyl-4-phenyl-l,2,3,6-tetrahydropyridine (MPTP), suggesting that these compounds may be neuroprotective.

Evidence for the neuroprotective potential of nicotine and caffeine is compelling, but further work is needed before testing these and related compounds in clinical trials for both individuals at high risk of developing PD and those with early, untreated disease.

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Titel: Current Evidence for Neuroprotective Effects of Nicotine and Caffeine Against Parkinson’s Disease
verfasst von: G. Webster Ross
Helen Petrovitch
Publikationsdatum: 01.11.2001
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Drugs & Aging / Ausgabe 11/2001
Print ISSN: 1170-229X
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-1969
DOI: https://doi.org/10.2165/00002512-200118110-00001

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