Background
Methods
Ethics
Study area
Sample size calculation
Sample collection
Laboratory procedures
Data management and statistical analysis
Results
Evaluation of the prevalence of S. mansoni determined by the urine CCA, real-time PCR Taqman® and Kato-Katz assays
Study area | Diagnostic assay | |||||||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Kato-Katz | PCR | POC-CCAa | POC-CCAb | |||||||||
n | Pos | Prev (95% CI) | n | Pos | Prev (95% CI) | n | Pos | Prev (95% CI) | n | Pos | Prev (95% CI) | |
Tomefa | 63 | 35 | 55.6 (42.5–68.1) | 50 | 25 | 50 (35.5–64.5) | 63 | 57 | 90.5 (80.4–96.4) | 63 | 36 | 57.1 (44–69.5) |
Torgahkope-Adakope | 58 | 5 | 8.6 (2.9–19) | 50 | 4 | 8 (2.2–19.2) | 58 | 51 | 87.9 (76.7–95) | 69 | 8 | 11.6 (5.1–21.6) |
Manheam | 69 | 8 | 11.6 (5.1–21.6) | 60 | 10 | 16.7 (8.3–28.5) | 69 | 56 | 81.2 (69.9–89.6) | 58 | 16 | 27.6 (16.7–40.9) |
Total | 190 | 48 | 25.3 (19.3–32.1) | 160 | 39 | 24.4 (17.9–31.8) | 190 | 164 | 86.3 (80.6–90.9) | 190 | 60 | 31.6 (25–38.7) |
Sensitivity, specificity and kappa score of urine CCA assay against a composite gold standard of real-time PCR and Kato-Katz assay positives
Kato-Katz + PCR | Sensitivity | Specificity | Kappa Score | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Pos | Neg | (95% CI) | (95% CI) | |||
CCAa | Pos | 53 | 74 | 84.1 (72.7–92.1) | 12.9 (6.6–22) | −0.03 |
Neg | 10 | 11 | ||||
CCAb | Pos | 23 | 20 | 36.5 (24.7–49.6) | 76.5 (66–85) | 0.14 |
Neg | 40 | 65 |
Age and positive status
Age | Kato-Katz | PCR | CCAa | CCAb | ||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n | Pos (Prev; 95% CI) | n | Pos (Prev; 95% CI) | n | Pos (Prev; 95% CI) | n | Pos (Prev; 95% CI) | |
Tomefa | ||||||||
0–1 | 2 | 0 | 2 | 0 | 3 | 3 (100; 29.9–100) | 3 | 2 (66.7; 9.4–99.2) |
2–3 | 42 | 24 (57.1; 41–72.3) | 35 | 13 (37.1; 21.5–55.1) | 42 | 37 (88.1; 74.4–96) | 42 | 24 (57.1; 41–72.3) |
4–5 | 13 | 9 (69.2; 38.6–90.9) | 11 | 6 (54.5; 23.4–83.3) | 13 | 12 (92.3; 64–99.8) | 13 | 7 (53.8; 25.1–80.8) |
Torgahkope/Adakope | ||||||||
0–1 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 0 | 1 | 1 (100; 2.5–100) | 1 | 0 |
2–3 | 37 | 6 (16.2; 6.2–32) | 28 | 5 (17.9; 6.1–36.9) | 37 | 32 (86.5; 71.2–95.5) | 37 | 6 (16.2; 6.2–32) |
4–5 | 19 | 2 (10.5; 1.3–33.1) | 14 | 2 (14.3; 1.8–42.8) | 19 | 17 (89.5; 66.9–98.7) | 19 | 2 (10.5; 1.3–33.1) |
Manheam | ||||||||
0–1 | 3 | 0 | 3 | 1 (33.3; 0.8–90.6) | 3 | 3 (100; 29.2–100) | 3 | 2 (66.7; 9.4–99.2) |
2–3 | 34 | 2 (5.9; 0.7–19.7) | 32 | 3 (9.4; 2–25) | 34 | 28 (82.4; 65.5–93.2) | 34 | 6 (17.6; 6.8–34.5) |
4–5 | 24 | 2 (8.3; 1–27) | 22 | 4 (18.2; 5.2–40.3) | 25 | 19 (76; 54.9–90.6) | 25 | 7 (28; 12.1–49.4) |