Introduction
Materials and methods
Sampling and data Collection
Data analysis
The multivariable binary logistic regression model
Model specifications
Results
Variables | Vaccinated (n = 708) | Non-vaccinated (n = 1,414) | Total (n = 2,122) | Statistical comparison |
---|---|---|---|---|
Age (years)
| ||||
< 30 | 17 (20.5) | 66 (79.5) | 83 (3.9) | χ2 = 21.554 |
30 — 59 | 506 (23.9) | 1013 (47.7) | 1519 (71.6) |
P < 0.001
|
≥ 60 | 185 (35.6) | 335 (64.4) | 520 (24.5) | |
Sex
| ||||
Male | 633 (33.6) | 1252 (66.4) | 1,885 (88.8) | χ2 = 0.9743 |
Female | 75 (31.6) | 162 (68.4) | 237 (11.2) | p = 0.509 |
Household size
| ||||
1 to 6 | 382 (32.7) | 786 (67.3) | 1,168 (55.0) | χ2 = 0.508 |
> 6 | 362 (33.2) | 727 (66.8) | 1,089 (51.3) | p = 0.476 |
Place of residence
| ||||
Urban | 321 (35.3) | 589 (64.7) | 910 (42.9) | χ2 = 2.614 |
Rural | 387 (31.9) | 825 (68.1) | 1,212 (57.1) | p = 0.106 |
Information sources: | ||||
Health workers
| ||||
Yes | 254 (48.6) | 269 (51.4) | 523 (24.7) | χ2 = 72.138 |
No | 454 (28.4) | 1,145 (71.6) | 1,599 (75.4) |
p < 0.001
|
Government sources
| ||||
Yes | 226 (46.0) | 265 (54.0) | 491 (23.1) | χ2 = 46.079 |
No | 482 (29.6) | 1,149 (70.5) | 1,631 (76.9) |
p < 0.001
|
Family and Friends
| ||||
Yes | 43 (19.2) | 181 (80.8) | 224 (10.6) | χ2 = 22.612 |
No | 665 (35.0) | 1,233 (65.0) | 1,898 (89.4) |
p < 0.001
|
Media
| ||||
Yes | 60 (27.5) | 158 (72.5) | 218 (10.3) | χ2 = 3.729 |
No | 648 (34.0) | 1,256 (66.0) | 1,904 (89.7) | p = 0.053 |
Geopolitical zones
| ||||
North Central | 135 (39.9) | 203 (60.1) | 338 (15.9) | |
North East | 116 (34.3) | 222 (65.7) | 338 (15.9) | χ2 = 62.777 |
North West | 77 (25.8) | 221 (74.2) | 298 (14.0) |
p < 0.001
|
South East | 78 (21.4) | 286 (78.6) | 364 (17.2) | |
South South | 108 (31.0) | 240 (67.0) | 348 (16.4) | |
South West | 194 (44.5) | 242 (55.5) | 436 (20.6) | |
Respondent had Job loss arising from COVID-19
| ||||
No | 499 (34.6) | 945 (65.4) | 1,444 (68.1) | χ2 = 2.889 |
Yes | 209 (30.8) | 469 (69.2) | 678 (32.0) | p = 0.089 |
Access to health insurance
| ||||
No | 615 (31.7) | 1323 (68.3) | 1,938 (91.3) | χ2 = 26.742 |
Yes | 93 (50.5) | 91 (48.7) | 184 (8.7) |
p < 0.001
|
Occupation
| ||||
Unemployed | 109 (31.9) | 233 (68.1) | 342 (16.2) | |
Agriculture | 238 (33.1) | 481 (66.9) | 719 (33.9) | |
Trading and Transport | 142 (30.5) | 324 (69.5) | 466 (22.0) | χ2 = 7.082 |
Public Servant | 168 (38.4) | 270 (61.6) | 438 (20.6) | p = 0.132 |
Others | 51 (32.5) | 106 (67.5) | 157 (7.4) | |
Education
| ||||
No education | 28 (18.7) | 122 (81.3) | 150 (7.1) | χ2 = 65.449 |
Primary education | 182 (29.4) | 436 (70.6) | 618 (29.1) |
p < 0.001
|
Secondary education | 241 (30.1) | 560 (69.9) | 801 (37.8) | |
Tertiary education | 257 (46.5) | 296 (53.5) | 553 (26.1) |
Determinants of COVID-19 vaccine uptake among nigerian households
Variables | Odds Ratio | 95% CI | P- values |
---|---|---|---|
Age of household head
| |||
< 30 years | Ref | ||
30–59 years | 1.77 | 0.99, 3.17 | 0.056 |
≥ 60 years |
2.20
|
1.19, 4.07
|
0.012
|
Household size
| |||
1–6 people | Ref | ||
> 6 people | 1.21 | 0.97, 1.51 | 0.087 |
Sex of household head
| |||
Female | Ref | ||
Male | 0.86 | 0.62, 1.19 | 0.355 |
Job loss arising from COVID-19
| |||
No | Ref | ||
Yes | 0.93 | 0.75, 1.16 | 0.540 |
Rural location
| |||
No | Ref | ||
Yes | 1.23 | 0.98, 1.56 | 0.079 |
Access to health insurance
| |||
No | Ref | ||
Yes |
1.68
|
1.18, 2.38
|
0.004
|
Source of Information about COVID-19: | |||
Health workers
| |||
No | Ref | ||
Yes |
3.92
|
2.99, 5.13
|
< 0.001
|
Government sources
| |||
No | Ref | ||
Yes |
3.22
|
2.44, 4.23
|
< 0.001
|
Family & friends
| |||
No | Ref | ||
Yes | 1.06 | 0.71, 1.57 | 0.790 |
Mass Media
| |||
No | Ref | ||
Yes |
1.75
|
1. 21, 2.53
|
0.003
|
Geopolitical Zone
| |||
North West | Ref | ||
North Central |
2.02
|
1.37, 2.99
|
< 0.001
|
North East |
1.48
|
1.02, 2.15
|
0.039
|
South West |
2.63
|
1.76, 3.94
|
< 0.001
|
South East | 1.02 | 0.67, 1.55 | 0.938 |
South South |
1.49
|
1.04, 2.13
|
0.031
|
Occupation
| |||
Unemployed | Ref | ||
Agriculture | 1.17 | 0.86, 1.59 | 0.330 |
Trading and Transport | 1.07 | 0.77, 1.49 | 0.692 |
Public Servant | 1.15 | 0.82, 1.61 | 0.414 |
Others | 1.14 | 0.72, 1.74 | 0.632 |
Education
| |||
No Education | Ref | ||
Primary Education |
1.72
|
1.05, 2.83
|
0.032
|
Secondary Education |
1.77
|
1.08, 2.92
|
0.025
|
Tertiary Education |
3.03
|
1.83, 5.01
|
< 0.001
|