Determinants of Drug Costs in Hospitalised Patients with Haemophilia

Objective: To analyse the determinants of anti-haemophilic drug costs in hospitalised patients with haemophilia and to estimate the impact of recombinant activated factor VII (rFVIIa) therapy on this expenditure.

Perspective: The perspective of the study was from the viewpoint of the hospital.

Design and setting: A prospective study was carried out. All patients with haemophilia who were hospitalised in 1999 in Bicêtre public hospital, Paris, France were included in the cohort.

Main outcome measures and results: For each of the 96 patients (154 hospital stays), we estimated the costs of anti-haemophilic drugs (coagulation concentrates) used. Costs were then stratified by different variables (severity of the disease, presence of a circulating inhibitor to coagulation factors, etc.) and a multivariate model was developed to determine the relationship between these variables and total anti-haemophilic drug costs, while controlling for potential confounders. Our study revealed: (i) the independent role of the five following variables in contributing to high anti-haemophilic drug expenditure: presence of a circulating inhibitor to coagulation factors, odds ratio (OR) = 16.9 (95% CI: 4.3–66); severity of the disease (factor VIII or factor IX≤0.01 IU/mL), OR = 3.7 (95% CI: 1.6–8.6); length of hospital stay >4 days, OR = 8 (95% CI: 2.2–29.4); age >18 years old, OR = 6.2 (95% CI: 1.6–24.5); and surgical reasons for hospitalisation (whether surgery was haemophilia related [OR = 35.7 (95% CI: 7.3–175)] or not [OR = 5.4 (95% CI: 1.3–22.5)]); (ii) the large share that rFVIIa represented in this expenditure on medicines: rFVIIa was used in 20.1% of hospital stays and accounted for 56.2% of the total anti-haemophilic drug costs, which were estimated at €4 384 732 (2000 values).

Conclusions: Our data underline the heavy cost of the treatment of haemophilic patients with an inhibitor to coagulation factors. But, to the question of whether the high expenditure linked to rFVIIa utilisation will be balanced out by later benefits, it is not yet possible to reply with any certainty; further cost-benefit evaluation should be carried out.