Background
Methods
Data sources
Search | Search term(s) |
---|---|
1. | fibromyalgia.mp. or Fibromyalgia/ or fibromyositis or fibrositis or "muscular rheumatism" |
2. | "c-reactive protein.mp. or C-Reactive Protein/ or CRP.mp. or interleukin.mp. or exp. Interleukins/ or IL-1B.mp. or IL-6.mp. or IL-10.mp. or IL-17.mp. or cytokine* or cytokines).mp. or exp. Cytokines/ or chemokine.mp. or tumor necrosis factor.mp. or exp. Tumor Necrosis Factor-alpha/ or TNF*.mp. or exp. Creatine Kinase/ or ("creatine kinase" or protease).mp. or ((metabolic or lactic) and acidosis).mp. or acidosis/ or exp. acidosis, lactic/ or anion gap.mp. or Acid-Base Equilibrium/ |
3. | ((lactulose adj3 mannitol) or (lactulose and mannitol)).mp. or (zonulin or occludin).mp. or Occludin/ or citrulline.mp. or Citrulline/ or zonula occluden*.mp. or lipopolysaccharide*.mp. or exp. Lipopolysaccharides/ or LPS.mp. or flagellin.mp. or (endox* or (bacter* adj3 toxin*)).mp. or (histamine or tryptase).mp. or (calprotectin or eosinophil protein x).mp. or (secretory IgA or sIgA).mp. or *Immunoglobulin A, Secretory/ or (((butyric or acetic or propionic or lactic) and acid) or (butyrate or acetate or propionate or lactate)).mp. or exp. Fatty Acids, Volatile/ or short chain fatty acid*.mp. or SCFA.mp. or (trimethylamine N-oxide or TMAO).mp. or Ammonia/ or (ammonia or hippuric or 2-hydroxyisobutyric).mp. or (creatine or succinic or taurine or serine or arginine or glutam*).mp. or Methane/ or methane.mp. or Hydrogen/ or hydrogen.mp. or "hydrogen sul?ide".mp. or exp. Biomarkers/ or biomarker*.mp. or metabolite*.mp. or metabolome.mp. or exp. Metabolome |
4. | 2 or 3 |
5 | (((gastrointestin* or gut) adj3 microbio*) or (intestin* adj3 flora) or (intestin* adj3 bacteria)).mp. or exp. gastrointestinal microbiome/ or gastrointestinal microbiome.mp. or microbio*.mp. or exp. Microbiota/ or exp. Mycobiome/ |
6. | Lactobacillus/ or lactobacill*.mp. or Bifidobacterium/ or bifidobacter*.mp. or exp. Probiotics/ or probiotic*.mp. or (akkermansia or f?calibacter*).mp. or (clostrid* or bilophil*).mp. or Bilophila/ or Desulfovibrio/ or desul?ovibrio.mp. or methano*.mp. or exp. Methanobrevibacter/ or (proteobacter or citrobacter or actinobacter*).mp. or (Roseburia or Eubacteri* or Subdoligranulum or Anaerostipes or Lachnospiraceae).mp. or exp. Eubacteria/ or exp. Prevotella/ or prevotella.mp. or klebsiella.mp. or exp. Klebsiella/ or collinsella.mp. or veillonella.mp. or Veillonella/ or exp. Bacteroidetes/ or bacteroid*.mp. or firmicutes.mp. or Firmicutes/ |
7. | exp Gram-Positive Bacteria/ or exp. Gram-Negative Bacteria/ or ((gram-negative or gram-positive) and bacteria).mp. or exp. aerobic bacteria/ or (aerobic adj3 bacter*).mp. or exp. anaerobic bacteria/ or (anaerobic adj3 bacter*).mp. or helicobacter pylori.mp. or Helicobacter pylori/ or "H. pylori".mp. or exp. Candida/ or candida.mp. or exp. Saccharomyces/ or saccharomyces.mp. or rhodotorula.mp. or Rhodotorula/ or yeast.mp. |
8. | 5 or 6 or 7 |
9. | 4 or 8 |
10. | 1 and 9 |
11. | Limit 10 to English language, Humans, Adults |
12. | Limit 11 to publication date: 01 January 1976a to present |
Study selection
Data extraction
Quality assessment
Results
Author (Year) | Country | Cohort | Study Type | FMS criteria | Controls n, Type | Biomarker/s | Quality Assessment % | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
N (% female) | Age | |||||||
Pimentel (2004) [17] | USA | 42 (86) | 46.6 ± 0.3 | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 22 IBS | SIBO | 53.1 |
Michalsen (2005) [18] | Germany | 35 (91) | 52.0 ± 10.0 51.6 ± 13.3a | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 16 RA | Stool culture Stool pH sIgA | 56.3 |
Goebel (2008) [19] | Germany | 40c (80) | 48 ± 11 | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 57 HC 17 CRPS | H. pyloriBacteria (serum antibodies)Intestinal permeability | 75.0 |
Akkaya (2011) [20] | Turkey | 65 (100) | 36.21 ± 7.42 | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 41 HC | H. pylori | 75.0 |
Olama (2013) [21] | Egypt | 100 (100) | 33.2 ± 4.36 | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 100 HC | H. pylori | 81.3 |
Rodrigo (2013) [22] | Spain | 104 (89) | 50 ± 8b | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 125 IBS | H. pylori | 75.0 |
Gezici (2014) [23] | Turkey | 32 (88) | 38.5 ± 8.6 | Prospective | ACR 1990 | – | H. pylori | 43.8 |
Malatji (2017) [24] | South Africa | 18 (100) | 45.5 | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 11 FC 10 MC 41 YC | Metabolomics | 75.0 |
Malatji (2019) [25] | South Africa | 17 (100) | 45.5 (ns) | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 11 FC 10 MC 41 YC | Metabolomics | 75.0 |
Clos-Garcia (2019) [26] | Spain | 105 (70) | 52.52 ± 10.3 | Case-control | ACR 1990 | 54 HC | Microbiome Metabolomics | 81.3 |
Minerbi (2019) [27] | Canada | 77 (100) | 46 ± 8 | Case-control | ACR 2016 | 11 FC 20 HM 48 UC | Microbiome Metabolites | 87.5 |
Helicobacter pylori
Author (Year) | Cohort | Material H. pylori marker | H. pylori positive (%) | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FMS | Controls | p- value | |||
Goebel (2008) [19] | 33 FMS 17 CRPS 57 HC | Serum antibodies IgA or IgG | 33.0 | HC: NT CRPS: 47.0 | n.s. |
Akkaya (2011) [20] | 65 FMS 41 HC | Serum antibodies IgA IgG | 30.8 67.7 | 17.1 43.9 | 0.169 0.025 |
Olama (2013) [21] | 100 FMS 100 HC | Serum antibodies IgA IgG | 50.0 68.0 | 24.0 32.0 | < 0.001 < 0.001 |
Rodrigo (2013) [22] | 104 FMS 125 IBS | Gastroduodenal biopsyH&E + Giemsa staining, polyclonal anti-H. pylori antibody, microbial cultures | 42.0 | 46.0 | n.s. |
Gezici (2014) [23] | 41# FMS | Gastric biopsy Culture | 78.0 | – | – |
Gastrointestinal microbiota and antibodies
Author (Year) | Patients Controls | Material & Procedure | Results | p-value | Other |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Michalsen (2005) [18] | 21 FMS 9 RA | Faeces Culture | No differences | n.s | pre- vs post-fasting |
14 FMS 7 RA | Faeces Culture | No differences | n.s | pre- vs post-MedDiet | |
Goebel (2008) [19] | 33 FMS17 CRPS 57 HC | Serum antibodies YersiniaorCampylobacter | FMS 27% positive CRPS 13% HC Not tested | NR | Trend for seropositivity assoc. with IP (Table 4) |
Minerbi (2019) [27] | 77 FMS 11 FC 20 HM 48 UC | Faeces 16S rRNA gene (V5-V6 region) / metagenome | ↓ Faecalibacterium and Bacteroides, ↑ Intestinimonas, Flavonifractor, Butyricoccus Eisenbergiella and Enterobacter. | < 0.01 | Non-significant differences in sample diversity Variance FMS vs UC |
Clos-Garcia (2019) [26] | 105 FMS 54 HC | Faeces 16S rDNA microbiome(V3–V4 region) | FMS: Absent families: Bifidobacteriaceae and Bacteroidales↑ Dorea, Roseburia, Alistipes, Papillibacter, Subdoligranulum↓ Bacteroides, Bifidobacterium, Eubacterium, Clostridium | All p ≤ 0.05 | Controls had higher diversity |
Metabolomics/metabolites
Author (Year) | Subjects Controls | Material Biomarker | FMS Subjects | P value for diff |
---|---|---|---|---|
Malatji (2017) [24] | 18 FMS11 FC10 MC41 YC | UrineNMR metabolome | Compared to YC ↑ hippuric acid ↑ succinic acid ↑ lactic acid ↑ 2-Hydroxyisobutyric acid | p = 0.0966(ns) p = 0.0001 (MW) p = 0.0044 p = 0.0001 |
Malatji (2019) [25] | 17 FMS11 FC10 MC41 YC | UrineGC-MS metabolome | ↑ 14 metabolites c.f. MC↑ 4-hydroxyisobutyric acid c.f. MC & YC ↑ arabinose c.f. MC | All < 0.001 (MW & BF) p = 0.00109 |
Minerbi (2019) [27] | 77 FMS11 FC20 HM48 UC | Serum Metabolites | Compared to UC: ↑serum butyrate ↓serum propionic acid ↓isobutyric acid | p = 0.005p = 0.006 p = 0.056 (ns) |
Clos-Garcia (2019) [26] | 105 FMS54 HC | Serum Metabolome | ↓ gadC, glnA, glsA2, gadB1, gadB2↑ lysine, ornithine ↑threonine, homoserine, glutamine, and argininea | p < 0.05 p < 0.05 p < 0.001 |
Other biomarkers
Author (Year) | Cohort | Material / Biomarker | Results | p-value for diff | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|
FMS | Controls | ||||
Pimentel (2004) [17] | 42 FMSa 111 IBS 15 HC | Breath(SIBO) | 100% | IBS 84% HC 20% | < 0.05 < 0.0001 |
Michalsen (2005) [18] | 21 FMS9 RA | StoolpH & sIgAfollowing fasting | No differences between FMS vs RA groups or with different interventions | n.s. | |
14 FMS7 RA | StoolpH & sIgAfollowing MedDiet | n.s. | |||
Goebel (2008) [19] | 40 FMS 17 CRPS 57 HC | UrineGD permeabilitySI permeability | 32.5%37.5% | CRPS 35.3%, HC 5%CRPS 17.6%, HC 0% | < 0.0001b < 0.0002& |