Background
Methods
Design, study setting and population
Intervention
Measurements/instruments
Sociodemographic form
Questionnaire form for BC, BSE, MMG, CC and PST
Stages of change
Stages of change | BSE | PST or MMG |
---|---|---|
Precontemplation stage | Women in this stage responded that they were not currently performing BSE montly and were not seriously considering performing BSE within the next 6 months | Women never had a mammogram or PST, and nor planning to get one within the next 6 months |
Contemplation stage | Women in this were not currently performing BSE montly but were seriously considering performing initiating montly BSE within the next 6 months | Women never had a mammogram or pap test but intends to get one within the next 6 months to one year |
Preparation stage | Women in this stage were not currently performing BSE montly but they intended to perform BSE as early as the next month | – |
Action stage | Women in this stage were currently performing BSE monthly | Women had mammogram or pap test on schedule and intends to get another on a time frame that will keep the women on Schedule |
Maintenance stage | Women in this stage were currently performing BSE for at least 6 months | – |
Relapse | – | Women had one or more mammograms or pap tests in the past but is now off schedule and does not plan to have a mammograms or pap tests within future. |
Statistical analysis
Results
Descriptive information of teachers and health histories
Knowledge of the teachers regarding to breast and cervical cancer
Variables | Pre-test | Post-test | Difference (%) | Significance test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % |
n
| % | x2
|
p
| ||
Breast cancer risk factors | |||||||
Being a women | |||||||
True | 12 | 32.4 | 25 | 67.6 | 35.2 | 3.153 | 0.002 |
False | 25 | 67.6 | 12 | 32.4 | |||
Being over 50 years old | |||||||
True | 18 | 48.6 | 23 | 62.2 | 13.6 | 1.387 | 0.267 |
False | 19 | 51.4 | 14 | 37.8 | |||
Have a family history of breast cancers | |||||||
True | 33 | 89.2 | 36 | 97.3 | 8.1 | 1.342 | 0.375 |
False | 4 | 10.8 | 1 | 2.7 | |||
Started menstruating younger than age 12 or go through menopause older than 55 | |||||||
True | 8 | 21.6 | 25 | 67.6 | 46.0 | 4.123 | 0.000 |
False | 29 | 78.4 | 12 | 32.4 | |||
Have the first delivery after the age of 30 years or, never having breastfed | |||||||
True | 8 | 21.6 | 25 | 67.6 | 46.0 | 4.123 | 0.000 |
False | 29 | 78.4 | 12 | 32.4 | |||
Using hormone replacement therapy | |||||||
True | 21 | 56.8 | 28 | 75.7 | 18.9 | 2.309 | 0.039 |
False | 16 | 43.2 | 9 | 24.3 | |||
Being obese | |||||||
True | 7 | 18.9 | 23 | 62.2 | 43.3 | 3.771 | 0.000 |
False | 30 | 81.1 | 14 | 37.8 | |||
Application tecnique of BSE | |||||||
When should a women begin BSE? | |||||||
True | 23 | 62.2 | 27 | 73.0 | 10.8 | 1.160 | 0.254 |
False | 14 | 37.8 | 10 | 27.0 | |||
How often should be performed? | |||||||
True | 27 | 73.0 | 33 | 89.2 | 16.2 | 1.970 | 0.047 |
False | 10 | 27.0 | 4 | 10.8 | |||
When should a women with menstruation do BSE? | |||||||
True | 6 | 16.2 | 15 | 40.5 | 24.3 | 2.700 | 0.010 |
False | 31 | 83.8 | 22 | 59.5 | |||
When should a women with irregular menstruation do BSE? | |||||||
True | 26 | 70.3 | 33 | 89.2 | 18.9 | 2.021 | 0.041 |
False | 11 | 29.7 | 4 | 10.8 | |||
What is the correct BSE tecnique? | |||||||
True | 29 | 78.4 | 32 | 86.5 | 8.1 | 0.702 | 0.487 |
False | 8 | 21.6 | 5 | 13.5 |
Variables | Pre-test | Post-test | Difference (%) | Significance test | |||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
n
| % |
n
| % | x2
|
p
| ||
Cervical cancer risk factors | |||||||
Women who have early age sexual intercourse | |||||||
True | 14 | 37.8 | 31 | 83.8 | 46.0 | 3.710 | 0.000 |
False | 23 | 62.2 | 6 | 16.2 | |||
Have had four or more full-term pregnancies | |||||||
True | 7 | 19.0 | 19 | 51.4 | 32.4 | 3.207 | 0.002 |
False | 30 | 81.0 | 18 | 48.6 | |||
Not to pay attention to hygiene rules | |||||||
True | 17 | 45.9 | 21 | 56.8 | 10.9 | 0.943 | 0.481 |
False | 20 | 54.1 | 16 | 43.2 | |||
Having any disease in the genitals of their partner | |||||||
True | 13 | 35.1 | 14 | 37.8 | 2.7 | 0.302 | 0.763 |
False | 24 | 64.9 | 23 | 62.2 | |||
Have a smoke | |||||||
True | 20 | 54.1 | 33 | 89.2 | 35.1 | 3.606 | 0.000 |
False | 17 | 45.9 | 4 | 10.8 | |||
Have a sexually transmitted diseases | |||||||
True | 16 | 43.2 | 17 | 45.9 | 2.7 | 1.155 | 0.248 |
False | 21 | 56.8 | 20 | 54.1 | |||
Application of Pap test | |||||||
What should be done to protect the cervical cancer? | |||||||
True | 9 | 24.3 | 28 | 75.7 | 51.4 | 1.434 | 0.160 |
False | 28 | 75.7 | 9 | 24.3 | |||
Knowledge Implementation period of HPV vaccines | |||||||
True | 2 | 5.4 | 8 | 21.6 | 16.2 | 2.960 | 0.005 |
False | 35 | 94.6 | 29 | 78.4 | |||
Knowledge of why colonoscopy is implementation | |||||||
True | 35 | 94.6 | 37 | 100.0 | 5.4 | 0.326 | 0.574 |
False | 2 | 5.4 | 0 | 0.0 | |||
Knowledge what should bedone before Pap test | |||||||
True | 8 | 21.6 | 11 | 29.7 | 8.1 | 3.718 | 0.001 |
False | 26 | 78.4 | 26 | 70.3 | |||
How often should pap smear test be performed? | |||||||
True | 1 | 2.7 | 5 | 13.5 | 10.8 | 7.063 | 0.000 |
False | 36 | 97.3 | 32 | 86.5 |
Performing BSE, MMG and the PST behaviors of the teachers
Stages of change | Pre-training | Post-training | Significance testa
| |||||||
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Time 1 | Time 2 | Time 3 | Time 4 | |||||||
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % |
n
| % | x2
|
p
b
| |
Stages of change related BSE (n = 37) | ||||||||||
Contemplation | 6 | 16.2 | 3 | 8.1 | 3 | 8.1 | 3 | 8.1 | 15.211 | 0.002 |
Preparation | 13 | 35.2 | 9 | 24.3 | 5 | 13.5 | 4 | 10.8 | ||
Action | 3 | 8.1 | 9 | 24.3 | 13 | 35.1 | 3 | 8.1 | ||
Maintanance | 15 | 40.6 | 16 | 43.2 | 16 | 43.2 | 27 | 73.0 | ||
Stages of change related MMG (n = 18 | ||||||||||
Precontemplation | 18 | 100.0 | 15 | 83.3 | 3 | 16.7 | 2 | 11.1 | 44.769 | 0.000 |
Contemplation | 0 | 0.0 | 3 | 16.7 | 9 | 50.0 | 9 | 50.0 | ||
Action and Maintenance | 0 | 0.0 | 0 | 0.0 | 6 | 33.3 | 7 | 38.9 | ||
Stages of change related PST (n = 37) | ||||||||||
Precontemplation | 20 | 54.1 | 10 | 27.0 | 4 | 10.8 | 4 | 10.8 | 31.022 | 0.000 |
Contemplation | 6 | 16.2 | 12 | 32.4 | 13 | 35.1 | 13 | 35.1 | ||
Action and Maintenance | 9 | 24.3 | 13 | 35.1 | 17 | 45.9 | 17 | 45.9 | ||
Relapse | 2 | 5.4 | 2 | 5.4 | 3 | 8.1 | 3 | 8.1 |