Background
Methods
Exposure (interventions)
Clinical characteristics
Outcome variables
Statistical analyses
Missing data
Results
Period 0 (n = 328) | Period 1 (n = 370) | Period 2 (n = 376) | All N = 1074 | ||
---|---|---|---|---|---|
Age, years§ | 31 (5) | 31 (5) | 30 (5) | 31 (5) | pa NS pb < 0.05 pc NS |
BMI ≥ 30 | 24 (9) | 42 (12) | 37 (10) | 103 (10) | NS |
Height cm ≤ 1,55 | 9 (3) | 27 (7) | 20 (5) | 56 (6) | pa < 0.05 pb NS pc NS |
Nulliparous | 264 (80) | 297 (80) | 294 (78) | 855 (80) | NS |
GL, days# | 283 (276–289) | 283 (276–288) | 280 (273–287) | 281 (275–287) | pa NS pb < 0.01 pc < 0.01 |
Duration 1st stage min median# | 480 (300–690) | 540 (360–750) | 480 (300–660) | 510 (330–690) | pa < 0.05 pb < 0.01 pc NS |
Duration 2nd stage min median# | 120 (60–210) | 150 (60–210) | 165 (90–230) | 150 (60–210) | pa < 0.05 pb NS pc < 0.01 |
Epidural | 245 (75) | 283 (77) | 297 (79) | 825 (77) | NS |
Oxytocin | 304 (93) | 348 (94) | 354 (94) | 1006 (94) | NS |
Indication dystocia | 168 (51) | 227 (62) | 202 (54) | 597 (56) | pa < 0.01 pb < 0.05 pc NS |
Fetal head station mid | 190 (58) | 248 (68) | 231 (61) | 678 (62) | Pa < 0.01 pb NS pc NS |
Birthweight ≥ 4500 g | 10 (3) | 15 (4) | 9 (2) | 34 (3) | NS |
Position non-OAP | 37 (11) | 52 (14) | 54 (15) | 143 (13) | NS |
Duration > 15 min* | 15 (5) | 44 (12) | 21 (6) | 80 (7) | pa < 0.01 pb < 0.01 pc NS |
Nr pulls > 6* | 34 (11) | 43 (12) | 23 (6) | 100 (10) | pa NS pb < 0.01 pc < 0.05 |
Cup detachment > 1* | 24 (7) | 15 (4) | 10 (3) | 49 (5) | pa NS pb NS pc < 0.01 |
Period 0 n(%) | Period 0 vs 1[CI] | Period 1 n(%) | Period 1 vs 2[CI] | Period 2 n(%) | Period 0 vs 2[CI] | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Failed extraction | 61 (19) | 28 (8) | 37 (10) | |||
RR, crude | 0.41 [0.27–0.62] p < 0.001 | 1.3 NS | 0.53 [0.36–0.77] p 0.001 | |||
RRa | 0.48 [0.26–0.87] p 0.016 | NA | 0.59 NS | |||
Complicated extraction* | 55 (17) | 77 (22) | 39 (11) | |||
RR, crude | 1.3 NS | 0.47 [0.33–0.68] p < 0.001 | 0.61 [0.42–0.90] p 0.012 | |||
RRa | NA | 0.42 [0.23–0.76] p 0.004 | 0.53 NS |