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Sports Medicine

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07.09.2019 | Systematic Review

Effects of Physical Exercise Training in the Workplace on Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis

verfasst von: Olaf Prieske, Tina Dalager, Michael Herz, Tibor Hortobagyi, Gisela Sjøgaard, Karen Søgaard, Urs Granacher

Erschienen in: Sports Medicine | Ausgabe 12/2019

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Abstract

Background

There is evidence that physical exercise training (PET) conducted at the workplace is effective in improving physical fitness and thus health. However, there is no current systematic review available that provides high-level evidence regarding the effects of PET on physical fitness in the workforce.

Objectives

To quantify sex-, age-, and occupation type-specific effects of PET on physical fitness and to characterize dose–response relationships of PET modalities that could maximize gains in physical fitness in the working population.

Data Sources

A computerized systematic literature search was conducted in the databases PubMed and Cochrane Library (2000–2019) to identify articles related to PET in workers.

Study Eligibility Criteria

Only randomized controlled trials with a passive control group were included if they investigated the effects of PET programs in workers and tested at least one fitness measure.

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods

Weighted mean standardised mean differences (SMD_wm) were calculated using random effects models. A multivariate random effects meta-regression was computed to explain the influence of key training modalities (e.g., training frequency, session duration, intensity) on the effectiveness of PET on measures of physical fitness. Further, subgroup univariate analyses were computed for each training modality. Additionally, methodological quality of the included studies was rated with the help of the Physiotherapy Evidence Database (PEDro) Scale.

Results

Overall, 3423 workers aged 30–56 years participated in 17 studies (19 articles) that were eligible for inclusion. Methodological quality of the included studies was moderate with a median PEDro score of 6. Our analyses revealed significant, small-sized effects of PET on cardiorespiratory fitness (CRF), muscular endurance, and muscle power (0.29 ≤ SMD_wm ≤ 0.48). Medium effects were found for CRF and muscular endurance in younger workers (≤ 45 years) (SMD_wm = 0.71) and white-collar workers (SMD_wm = 0.60), respectively. Multivariate random effects meta-regression for CRF revealed that none of the examined training modalities predicted the effects of PET on CRF (R² = 0). Independently computed subgroup analyses showed significant PET effects on CRF when conducted for 9–12 weeks (SMD_wm = 0.31) and for 17–20 weeks (SMD_wm = 0.74).

Conclusions

PET effects on physical fitness in healthy workers are moderated by age (CRF) and occupation type (muscular endurance). Further, independently computed subgroup analyses indicated that the training period of the PET programs may play an important role in improving CRF in workers.

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Titel: Effects of Physical Exercise Training in the Workplace on Physical Fitness: A Systematic Review and Meta-analysis
verfasst von: Olaf Prieske
Tina Dalager
Michael Herz
Tibor Hortobagyi
Gisela Sjøgaard
Karen Søgaard
Urs Granacher
Publikationsdatum: 07.09.2019
Verlag: Springer International Publishing
Erschienen in: Sports Medicine / Ausgabe 12/2019
Print ISSN: 0112-1642
Elektronische ISSN: 1179-2035
DOI: https://doi.org/10.1007/s40279-019-01179-6

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Abstract

Background

Objectives

Data Sources

Study Eligibility Criteria

Study Appraisal and Synthesis Methods

Results

Conclusions

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