Background
Methods
Subjects
Experimental design
Exercise protocol
Isokinetic knee extension maximal voluntary contractions
Barbell back squat 1-repetition maximum determination
Barbell back squat exercise protocol
Supplementation protocol
Procedures
Dietary inventories
Anthropometrics and body composition
Muscle soreness perception measurement
Blood collection
Clinical chemistry analysis
Markers of anabolic/catabolic hormone status
Markers of oxidative stress
Cytokine/Chemokine markers of inflammation
Statistical analysis
Results
Subject baseline characteristics
Variable | Group | Mean | Group (SEM) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
N | P | 12 | n/a | n/a |
TC | 11 | n/a | ||
Total | 23 | n/a | ||
Age | P | 20.58±1.78 | 0.51 | 0.593 |
TC | 21.18±3.34 | 1.01 | ||
Total | 20.87±2.60 | 0.54 | ||
Height (cm) | P | 177±5.28 | 1.52 | 0.651 |
TC | 178±10.71 | 3.23 | ||
Total | 177±8.17 | 1.70 | ||
Weight (kg) | P | 82.62±7.39 | 2.13 | 0.659 |
TC | 80.64±13.16 | 3.97 | ||
Total | 81.67±10.35 | 2.16 | ||
Baseline HR (bpm) | P | 61.17±10.40 | 3.00 | 0.195 |
TC | 66.09±6.67 | 2.01 | ||
Total | 63.52±8.98 | 1.87 | ||
BMD (g/cm2) | P | 1.16±0.10 | 0.03 | 0.389 |
TC | 1.12±0.14 | 0.04 | ||
Total | 1.14±0.12 | 0.02 | ||
LM (kg) | P | 61.41±4.87 | 1.41 | 0.970 |
TC | 61.55±11.16 | 3.36 | ||
Total | 61.48±8.27 | 1.73 | ||
FFM (kg) | P | 63.83±5.06 | 1.46 | 0.981 |
TC | 63.92±11.64 | 3.51 | ||
Total | 63.87±8.62 | 1.80 | ||
FM (kg) | P | 11.81±5.44 | 1.57 | 0.595 |
TC | 14.10±13.58 | 4.09 | ||
Total | 12.90±10.00 | 2.08 | ||
Body Fat (%) | P | 15.31±6.27 | 1.81 | 0.338 |
TC | 13.09±4.31 | 1.30 | ||
Total | 14.25±5.42 | 1.13 | ||
Back Squat 1-RM (lbs) | P | 318±62 | 18.03 | 0.696 |
TC | 306±82 | 24.72 | ||
Total | 313±71 | 14.81 | ||
Relative Squat Strength Ratio | P | 1.75±0.27 | 0.08 | 0.855 |
TC | 1.73±0.34 | 0.10 | ||
Total | 1.74±0.30 | 0.06 | ||
Workout Total Work (kJ) | P | 0.68±0.14 | 0.04 | 0.798 |
TC | 0.70±0.23 | 0.07 | ||
Total | 0.69±0.18 | 0.04 |
Nutritional intake and compliance
Variable | Group | Mean | Group (SEM) | p-value |
---|---|---|---|---|
Average Daily Caloric Consumption (kcal) | P | 2617±721 | 208 | 0.605 |
TC | 2455±753 | 227 | ||
Total | 2540±724 | 151 | ||
Dietary Protein (g) | P | 147.86±43.13 | 12.45 | 0.871 |
TC | 153.06±100.39 | 30.27 | ||
Total | 150.35±74.28 | 15.49 | ||
Dietary Carbohydrates (g) | P | 244.47±62.58 | 18.07 | 0.460 |
TC | 223.52±70.90 | 21.38 | ||
Total | 234.45±66.01 | 13.76 | ||
Dietary Fat (g) | P | 84.54±23.55 | 6.80 | 0.427 |
TC | 95.23±38.55 | 11.62 | ||
Total | 89.65±31.35 | 6.54 | ||
Dietary Beta-Carotene (mcg) | P | 2954±3436 | 992 | 0.651 |
TC | 2111±5260 | 1586 | ||
Total | 2551±4320 | 901 | ||
Dietary Vitamin C [Ascorbic Acid] (mg) | P | 80.79±65.99 | 19.05 | 0.199 |
TC | 50.56±38.41 | 11.58 | ||
Total | 66.33±55.55 | 11.58 | ||
Dietary Vitamin E [Alpha-Tocopherol] (mg) | P | 5.91±6.04 | 1.74 | 0.910 |
TC | 6.24±7.44 | 2.24 | ||
Total | 6.07±6.59 | 1.37 |
Muscle soreness perception assessment
Variable | Group | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Algo I (cm) | P | 4.34±2.52 | 5.53±3.15 | 7.78±2.93 | 7.94±2.92 | 6.40±0.76 |
G=0.139 | |
TC | 3.80±2.86 | 3.59±2.76 | 5.50±2.68 | 5.99±3.59 | 4.72±0.79 |
T<0.001* |
T
L
<0.001* | |
Time Mean | 4.07±0.56 | 4.56±0.62 | 6.64±0.59Ψ◊
| 6.96±0.68Ψ◊
|
G X T=0.236 |
G X T
q
=0.172 | ||
Algo II (cm) | P | 2.44±1.60 | 3.76±2.24Ψ
| 6.60±2.99^Ψ◊
| 6.20±3.64Ψ◊
| 4.75±0.69 |
G=0.773 | |
TC | 2.98±2.70 | 4.03±2.93Ψ
| 4.76±3.03Ψ
| 6.07±3.67Ψ◊#
| 4.46±0.72 |
T<0.001* |
T
L
<0.001* | |
Time Mean | 2.71±0.46 | 3.90±0.54Ψ
| 5.68±0.63Ψ◊
| 6.14±0.76Ψ◊
|
G X T=0.187 |
G X T
q
=0.024* | ||
Algo III (cm) | P | 3.25±2.65 | 3.42±3.24 | 6.55±3.80 | 6.18±3.36 | 4.85±0.81 |
G=0.609 | |
TC | 2.68±2.67 | 3.76±3.18 | 4.89±3.87 | 5.64±3.74 | 4.24±0.85 |
T<0.001* |
T
L
<0.001* | |
Time Mean | 2.96±0.55 | 3.59±0.67 | 5.72±0.80Ψ◊
| 5.91±0.74Ψ◊
|
G X T=0.427 |
G X T
L
=0.690 |
Isokinetic maximal voluntary contraction performance assessment
Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IK Total Ext Work (N) | P | 1791±207 | 1682±235 | 1278±275 | 1408±296 | 1387±291 | 1509±90 |
G=0.870 | |
TC | 1757±378 | 1612±437 | 1298±422 | 1418±463 | 1352±383 | 1487±94 |
T<0.001* |
T
L
<0.001* | |
Time Mean | 1774±295 | 1648±340†
| 1288±345†Ψ
| 1413±376†Ψ◊
| 1370±331†Ψ
|
G X T=0.792 |
G X T
q
=0.662 | ||
IK Total Flex Work (N) | P | 971±126^ | 962±141^ | 913±174^ | 925±153^ | 910±113^†
| 936±58 |
G=0.181 | |
TC | 1073±252 | 1060±277 | 1064±225 | 1058±305 | 1010±289†
| 1053±61 |
T=0.087§
|
T
L
=0.022* | |
Time Mean | 1020±199 | 1009±218 | 986±210 | 989±242 | 958±217†Ψ
|
G X T=0.663 |
G X T
q
=0.206 | ||
IK Total Work (N) | P | 2762±293 | 2644±354 | 2191±388 | 2333±407 | 2296±373 | 2445±141 |
G=0.646 | |
TC | 2829±611 | 2673±687 | 2363±603 | 2476±733 | 2362±644 | 2540±148 |
T<0.001* |
T
L
<0.001* | |
Time Mean | 2794±462 | 2658±527†
| 2273±498†Ψ
| 2401±577†Ψ◊
| 2328±509†Ψ
|
G X T=0.692 |
G X T
q
=0.470 |
Markers of mechanical damage and physiological stress
Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
AST (U/L) | P | 31.85±9.65 | 27.47±6.40 | 30.79±7.88 | 41.39±13.31 | 37.67±10.33 | 33.83±2.19 |
G=0.919 | |
TC | 37.70±17.65 | 28.39±7.62 | 29.53±6.46 | 40.59±17.59 | 31.32±11.57 | 33.51±2.29 |
T=0.003* |
T
q
=0.759 | |
Time Mean | 34.78±2.93 | 27.93±1.46†
| 30.16±1.51Ψ
| 40.99±3.23Ψ◊
| 34.50±2.28Ψ#
|
G X T=0.316 |
G X T
L
=0.162 | ||
ALT (U/L) | P | 33.81±18.74 | 32.21±12.26 | 34.19±13.60 | 36.78±14.97 | 35.80±13.84 | 34.56±4.19 |
G=0.455 | |
TC | 31.78±13.22 | 30.01±19.33 | 28.32±15.83 | 31.08±19.58 | 28.54±17.41 | 29.94±4.38 |
T=0.529 |
T
L
=0.180 | |
Time Mean | 32.79±3.41 | 31.11±3.34 | 31.26±3.07 | 33.93±3.61Ψ◊
| 32.17±3.27 |
G X T=0.521 |
G X T
L
=0.266 | ||
Total Billirubin (umol/L) | P | 8.00±3.67 | 7.25±3.47 | 9.08±5.31 | 8.14±3.82 | 7.35±3.21 | 7.96±1.01 |
G=0.395 | |
TC | 9.65±3.85 | 9.98±4.95 | 9.58±4.01 | 9.79±5.20 | 7.19±3.21 | 9.24±1.06 |
T=0.064§
|
T
q
=0.026* | |
Time Mean | 8.83±0.78 | 8.61±0.89 | 9.33±0.99 | 8.97±0.95 | 7.27±0.67†Ψ◊#
|
G X T=0.306 |
G X T
L
=0.125 | ||
Urea/BUN (mmol/L) | P | 6.59±1.54 | 6.16±1.74 | 6.07±1.59 | 6.48±1.96 | 5.92±2.33 | 6.24±0.44 |
G=0.794 | |
TC | 6.49±1.39 | 6.75±1.30 | 6.40±1.33 | 6.59±1.83 | 5.83±1.66 | 6.41±0.46 |
T=0.061§
|
T
L
=0.055§
| |
Time Mean | 6.54±0.31 | 6.46±0.32 | 6.24±0.31 | 6.53±0.40 | 5.88±0.43†Ψ#
|
G X T=0.594 |
G X T
q
=0.238 | ||
Creatinine (umol/L) | P | 96.50±13.23 | 97.19±19.28 | 102.76±17.25^ | 98.91±21.16^ | 95.20±17.73^◊
| 98.11±4.05 |
G=0.273 | |
TC | 91.82±11.99 | 96.84±15.27 | 95.42±14.37 | 91.52±11.27 | 81.99±14.87†Ψ◊#
| 91.52±4.23 |
T=0.004* |
T
q
=0.003* | |
Time Mean | 94.16±2.64 | 97.02±3.65 | 99.09±3.33 | 95.21±3.58 | 88.60±3.43†Ψ◊#
|
G X T=0.178 |
G X T
L
=0.030* | ||
BUN/Creatinine Ratio | P | 17.11±4.38 | 15.97±3.99 | 14.82±3.66 | 16.66±5.67 | 15.50±5.26 | 16.01±1.08 |
G=0.353 | |
TC | 17.65±3.76 | 17.51±3.83 | 16.82±3.74 | 17.85±4.35 | 17.64±3.80 | 17.50±1.13 |
T=0.214 |
T
q
=0.225 | |
Time Mean | 17.37±4.01 | 16.71±3.90 | 15.78±3.75†Ψ
| 17.23±5.00 | 16.53±4.64 |
G X T=0.721 |
G X T
L
=0.388 | ||
Uric Acid (umol/L) | P | 328±66 | 317±66 | 444±136 | 367±80 | 349±88 | 361.12±20.37 |
G=0.647 | |
TC | 306±52 | 310±54 | 470±117 | 350±93 | 302±79 | 347.44±21.28 |
T<0.001* |
T
q
<0.001* | |
Time Mean | 317±12 | 314±13 | 457±27†Ψ
| 358±18†Ψ◊
| 325±17◊#
|
G X T=0.298 |
G X T
q
=0.146 | ||
CK (U/L) | P | 468±288 | 322±243 | 451±267 | 967±700 | 855±981 | 613±82 |
G=0.487 | |
TC | 843±1156 | 259±146 | 355±198 | 770±470 | 415±213 | 529±86 |
T=0.025* |
T
q
=0.222 | |
Time Mean | 656±172 | 291±42†
| 403±49Ψ
| 869±126Ψ◊
| 635±151Ψ
|
G X T=0.209 |
G X T
L
=0.100§
| ||
Total Protein (mmol/L) | P | 78.67±6.11 | 67.55±7.96^†
| 72.23±6.47†Ψ
| 68.67±9.45†
| 73.67±11.11†Ψ#
| 72.16±1.52 |
G=0.305 | |
TC | 80.53±4.60 | 74.13±2.62†
| 74.59±4.18†
| 72.43±6.72†
| 70.66±7.92†Ψ◊
| 74.47±1.59 |
T<0.001* |
T
q
<0.001* | |
Time Mean | 79.60±1.14 | 70.84±1.26†
| 73.41±1.15†Ψ
| 70.55±1.72†
| 72.17±2.03†
|
G XT=0.091§
|
G X T
q
=0.018* |
Anabolic/catabolic hormone response markers
Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Cortisol (ug/dL) | P | 28.34±13.07^ | 23.33±8.80 | 26.37±7.33 | 25.08±10.21^ | 27.68±11.20^ | 26.16±2.18 |
G=0.167 | |
TC | 21.48±7.02 | 20.49±7.92 | 26.81±12.08†
| 19.72±5.56◊
| 19.74±6.82◊
| 21.65±2.28 |
T=0.093§
|
T
L
=0.611 | |
Time Mean | 24.91±2.22 | 21.91±1.75 | 26.59±2.06Ψ
| 22.40±1.74◊
| 23.71±1.96 |
G X T=0.170 |
G X T
q
=0.029* | ||
Testosterone (ng/mL) | P | 9.86±3.46 | 9.37±3.45 | 9.25±2.92 | 10.17±3.55 | 9.94±3.42 | 9.72±0.75 |
G=0.025* | |
TC | 7.24±2.22 | 7.17±2.00 | 6.97±1.95 | 7.20±2.00 | 6.91±1.70 | 7.10±0.79 |
T=0.428 |
T
q
=0.427 | |
Time Mean | 8.55±0.61 | 8.27±0.60 | 8.11±0.52 | 8.68±0.61 | 8.42±0.57 |
G X T=0.556 |
G X T
L
=0.174 | ||
Test/Cort Ratio | P | 0.037±0.009 | 0.043±0.014 | 0.037±0.013 | 0.045±0.019 | 0.040±0.018 | 0.040±0.003 |
G=0.538 | |
TC | 0.037±0.015 | 0.040±0.020 | 0.031±0.015 | 0.039±0.013 | 0.040±0.019 | 0.037±0.004 |
T=0.152 |
T
L
=0.516 | |
Time Mean | 0.037±0.012 | 0.042±0.017 | 0.034±0.014 | 0.042±0.016 | 0.040±0.018 |
G X T=0.815 |
G X T
q
=0.196 |
Markers of free radical production and oxidative stress
Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
Nitrotyrosine (nM) | P | 305±267 | 306±311 | 297±289 | 297±330 | 294±305 | 300±74 |
G=0.940 | |
TC | 303±193 | 319±254 | 277±190 | 275±202 | 283±203 | 292±78 |
T=0.280 |
T
L
=0.146 | |
Time Mean | 304±230 | 312±279 | 288±241 | 287±270 | 289±256Ψ
|
G X T=0.613 |
G X T
L
=0.483 | ||
TBARS (uM) | P | 7.84±2.69 | 7.27±2.91 | 8.60±2.67 | 8.03±3.34 | 8.43±3.74 | 8.03±0.81 |
G=0.913 | |
TC | 7.74±4.24 | 8.24±4.03 | 7.44±3.84 | 8.19±3.46 | 7.91±3.35 | 7.90±0.84 |
T=0.937 |
T
L
=0.539 | |
Time Mean | 7.79±3.44 | 7.73±3.44 | 8.05±3.26 | 8.10±3.32 | 8.18±3.49 |
G X T=0.569 |
G X T
L
=0.649 | ||
TAS (mM) | P | 2.90±1.34 | 2.83±1.77 | 3.02±1.85 | 2.95±1.47 | 2.80±1.81 | 2.90±0.39 |
G=0.752 | |
TC | 2.69±1.17 | 2.39±1.14 | 2.99±1.07 | 2.73±1.36 | 2.81±1.34 | 2.72±0.41 |
T=0.323 |
T
q
=0.419 | |
Time Mean | 2.80±1.23 | 2.62±1.48 | 3.01±1.49 | 2.84±1.39 | 2.81±1.57 |
G X T=0.706 |
G X T
L
=0.442 | ||
SOD (U/mL) | P | 0.58±0.07 | 0.59±0.05 | 0.59±0.09 | 0.56±0.08 | 0.58±0.06 | 0.58±0.02 |
G=0.668 | |
TC | 0.55±0.12 | 0.60±0.09 | 0.54±0.09 | 0.57±0.10 | 0.57±0.11 | 0.57±0.02 |
T=0.264 |
T
q
=0.827 | |
Time Mean | 0.56±0.10 | 0.60±0.07†
| 0.57±0.09 | 0.57±0.08 | 0.58±0.09 |
G X T=0.335 |
G X T
L
=0.784 |
Inflammatory response markers
Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
TNF-α (pg/mL) | P | 2.82±1.33 | 3.30±1.59 | 3.33±1.88 | 2.98±1.45 | 2.85±1.41 | 3.05±0.36 |
G=0.212 | |
TC | 2.12±0.92 | 2.55±1.15 | 2.61±1.00 | 2.44±0.82 | 2.23±0.94 | 2.39±0.37 |
T=0.003* |
T
q
=0.001* | |
Time Mean | 2.47±0.24 | 2.92±0.29†
| 2.97±0.32†
| 2.71±0.25◊
| 2.54±0.25Ψ◊
|
G X T=0.873 |
G X T
L
=0.649 | ||
IFN-γ (pg/mL) | P | 14.92±31.51 | 18.91±44.08 | 18.99±44.51 | 21.33±51.78 | 21.56±51.82 | 19.14±9.41 |
G=0.365 | |
TC | 6.19±5.69 | 6.46±5.01 | 7.12±5.19 | 7.11±5.98 | 5.78±6.02 | 6.53±9.83 |
T=0.287 |
T
q
=0.136 | |
Time Mean | 10.56±4.83 | 12.68±6.70 | 13.06±6.77 | 14.22±7.87 | 13.67±7.88#
|
G X T=0.314 |
G X T
L
=0.295 | ||
IL-1β (pg/mL) | P | 0.77±0.32 | 0.84±0.35 | 0.87±0.39 | 0.83±0.38 | 0.83±0.35 | 0.83±0.10 |
G=0.048* | |
TC | 0.75±0.35 | 0.75±0.34 | 0.82±0.26 | 0.85±0.30 | 0.82±0.34 | 0.80±0.10 |
T=0.047* |
T
q
=0.030* | |
Time Mean | 0.76±0.07 | 0.80±0.07†
| 0.85±0.07†
| 0.84±0.07 | 0.82±0.07 |
G X T=0.411 |
G X T
q
=0.488 | ||
IL-2 (pg/mL) | P | 1.86±1.86 | 2.00±2.18 | 1.97±2.16 | 1.91±2.15 | 1.87±2.09 | 1.92±0.71 |
G=0.956 | |
TC | 1.70±2.96 | 1.73±2.73 | 2.06±2.65 | 2.26±3.13 | 2.15±3.03 | 1.98±0.74 |
T=0.292 |
T
L
=0.214 | |
Time Mean | 1.78±0.51 | 1.87±0.51 | 2.02±0.50 | 2.08±0.56 | 2.01±0.54 |
G X T=0.230 |
G X T
L
=0.163 | ||
IL-6 (pg/mL) | P | 1.19±0.95 | 1.34±1.36 | 1.61±1.60 | 1.33±1.38 | 1.26±1.21 | 1.35±0.37 |
G=0.724 | |
TC | 0.87±1.34 | 1.09±1.31 | 1.54±1.38 | 1.20±1.49 | 1.07±1.43 | 1.16±0.39 |
T=0.020* |
T
q
=0.023* | |
Time Mean | 1.03±0.24 | 1.22±0.28 | 1.57±0.31†Ψ
| 1.27±0.30†
| 1.17±0.28◊#
|
G X T=0.761 |
G X T
L
=0.512 | ||
IL-8 (pg/mL) | P | 4.25±3.99 | 5.07±5.74 | 5.04±6.16 | 5.16±6.41 | 4.94±6.32 | 4.89±1.23 |
G=0.496 | |
TC | 2.95±1.56 | 3.45±1.75 | 4.14±1.29 | 4.02±1.78 | 3.74±1.91 | 3.66±1.28 |
T=0.042* |
T
q
=0.018* | |
Time Mean | 3.60±0.64 | 4.26±0.90†
| 4.59±0.95†
| 4.59±1.00 | 4.34±0.99 |
G X T=0.697 |
G X T
L
=0.736 | ||
IL-12p70 (pg/mL) | P | 2.27±4.13 | 3.03±6.51 | 3.05±6.63 | 3.01±6.42 | 2.78±5.68 | 2.83±1.33 |
G=0.577 | |
TC | 1.70±2.67 | 1.76±2.59 | 1.68±2.15 | 1.91±2.76 | 1.66±2.61 | 1.74±1.39 |
T=0.279 |
T
q
=0.264 | |
Time Mean | 1.99±0.73 | 2.39±1.05 | 2.37±1.05 | 2.46±1.05 | 2.22±0.94 |
G X T=0.377 |
G X T
L
=0.351 |
Anti-inflammatory response markers
Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
IL-4 (pg/mL) | P | 6.03±3.18 | 7.86±5.06 | 8.26±5.22 | 7.44±4.95 | 7.83±5.10 | 7.48±1.05 |
G=0.273 | |
TC | 4.16±1.91 | 5.45±2.04 | 6.38±2.49 | 6.36±2.45 | 6.54±3.01 | 5.78±1.09 |
T=0.001* |
T
q
=0.001* | |
Time Mean | 5.10±0.55 | 6.65±0.82†
| 7.32±0.87†
| 6.90±0.83†◊
| 7.19±0.88†
|
G X T=0.421 |
G X T
L
=0.405 | ||
IL-5 (pg/mL) | P | 0.69±0.37 | 0.70±0.41 | 0.70±0.46 | 0.64±0.37 | 0.65±0.40 | 0.68±0.11 |
G=0.749 | |
TC | 0.75±0.43 | 0.72±0.40 | 0.71±0.37 | 0.77±0.43 | 0.70±0.42 | 0.73±0.12 |
T=0.716 |
T
L
=0.325 | |
Time Mean | 0.72±0.08 | 0.71±0.09 | 0.70±0.09 | 0.71±0.08 | 0.68±0.09 |
G X T=0.438 |
G X T
L
=0.582 | ||
IL-7 (pg/mL) | P | 4.73±2.19 | 5.41±2.49 | 5.94±3.71 | 5.52±2.75 | 5.46±2.57 | 5.41±0.63 |
G=0.414 | |
TC | 4.15±1.86 | 4.45±2.00 | 5.31±2.18 | 4.91±1.61 | 4.47±1.54 | 4.66±0.65 |
T=0.041* |
T
q
=0.033* | |
Time Mean | 4.44±0.43 | 4.93±0.48†
| 5.62±0.64†
| 5.21±0.48†
| 4.97±0.45†
|
G X T=0.843 |
G X T
L
=0.757 | ||
IL-10 (pg/mL) | P | 4.52±3.85 | 3.69±1.82 | 4.21±1.92 | 3.48±1.70 | 3.45±1.74 | 3.87±0.56 |
G=0.869 | |
TC | 2.77±1.74 | 3.49±2.03 | 6.02±5.70 | 3.33±2.54 | 3.07±2.54 | 3.74±0.59 |
T=0.103§
|
T
q
=0.157 | |
Time Mean | 3.65±0.63 | 3.59±0.40 | 5.12±0.87Ψ
| 3.41±0.45 | 3.26±0.45 |
G X T=0.182 |
G X T
q
=0.120 | ||
IL-13 (pg/mL) | P | 3.30±2.89 | 3.33±3.30 | 3.40±3.48 | 3.24±3.64 | 3.27±3.56 | 3.31±0.78 |
G=0.449 | |
TC | 1.96±1.74 | 2.26±1.66 | 2.75±2.09 | 2.78±2.18 | 2.45±2.34 | 2.44±0.81 |
T=0.393 |
T
q
=0.055§
| |
Time Mean | 2.63±0.50 | 2.80±0.55 | 3.08±0.61 | 3.01±0.63 | 2.86±0.64 |
G X T=0.402 |
G X T
q
=0.133 |
Clinical markers of immune-related complete blood counts
Variable | Group | Baseline | Pre-Lift | 60-min Post | 24-hr Post | 48-hr Post | Group Mean | p-value (GG) | p-value (WSC) | |
---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
LYMPH (K/uL) | P | 1.93±0.54 | 2.21±0.69 | 1.45±0.43†Ψ
| 1.86±0.71^Ψ◊
| 1.78±0.48^Ψ◊
| 1.85±0.20 |
G=0.311 | ||
TC | 2.09±0.86 | 2.36±1.05†
| 1.49±0.58†Ψ
| 2.62±1.51†Ψ◊
| 2.15±0.78◊#
| 2.14±0.21 |
T<0.001* |
T
q
=0.136 | ||
Time Mean | 2.01±0.15 | 2.28±0.18†
| 1.47±0.11†Ψ
| 2.24±0.24◊
| 1.97±0.13Ψ◊
|
G X T=0.143 |
G X T
L
=0.015* | |||
WBC (K/uL) | P | 5.88±1.23 | 6.61±2.21^ | 6.38±1.45 | 6.16±1.62^ | 5.75±1.61^ | 6.16±0.40 |
G=0.337 | ||
TC | 5.54±1.25 | 7.18±2.03†
| 6.98±2.04†
| 7.40±2.17†
| 6.55±1.23†#
| 6.73±0.42 |
T=0.004* |
T
q
=0.004* | ||
Time Mean | 5.71±0.26 | 6.90±0.44†
| 6.68±0.37†
| 6.78±0.40†
| 6.15±0.30Ψ
|
G X T=0.207 |
G X T
L
=0.020* | |||
MID (K/uL) | P | 0.43±0.12 | 0.64±0.19 | 0.43±0.14 | 0.53±0.13 | 0.48±0.13 | 0.50±0.03 |
G=0.866 | ||
TC | 0.42±0.10 | 0.61±0.24 | 0.38±0.10 | 0.60±0.19 | 0.55±0.16 | 0.51±0.03 |
T<0.001* |
T
L
=0.100§
| ||
Time Mean | 0.43±0.02 | 0.63±0.05†
| 0.41±0.03Ψ
| 0.56±0.03†◊
| 0.51±0.03†Ψ◊
|
G X T=0.324 |
G X T
L
=0.062§
| |||
GRAN (K/uL) | P | 3.50±0.97 | 3.76±1.47 | 4.51±1.20 | 3.78±1.33 | 3.48±1.32 | 3.80±0.33 |
G=0.577 | ||
TC | 3.04±0.48 | 4.22±1.77 | 5.11±2.35 | 4.17±1.61 | 3.84±0.98 | 4.08±0.35 |
T<0.001* |
T
q
=0.002* | ||
Time Mean | 3.27±0.16 | 3.99±0.34†
| 4.81±0.38†Ψ
| 3.97±0.31†◊
| 3.66±0.03◊
|
G X T=0.332 |
G X T
L
=0.119 | |||
GM-CSF (pg/mL) | P | 8.12±8.23 | 8.18±8.33 | 7.87±7.38 | 7.54±7.67 | 7.39±7.49 | 7.82±2.71 |
G=0.512 | ||
TC | 10.37±11.40 | 10.51±10.83 | 10.52±10.48 | 10.67±11.19 | 10.09±10.89 | 10.43±2.83 |
T=0.446 |
T
L
=0.277 | ||
Time Mean | 9.24±2.06 | 9.34±2.00 | 9.20±1.88 | 9.10±1.99 | 8.74±1.93 |
G X T=0.624 |
G X T
L
=0.450 |